It forecasts an average increase in annual gas demand of 2.2% per annum through to 2014
I've not yet read the full JESS report thus am relying on the excellent summary Chris has posted here.  I assume the report has not addressed the far from trivial issue of affordability of such large scale gas imports (and I agree that I've never before seen estimates of 80% imports much before 2020).

Assuming UK gas demand for 2005 was around 1.7m BOE/d, escalating at 2.2% pa thru 2014 and assuming 80% imports the JESS forecast assumes that UK will be importing 1.65m BOE/d NG in 2014 i.e. imports will amount to just slightly short of UK's 2005 entire consumption.  Using an import price of $100/BOE (which may well be extremely conservative by 2014 given increasing 'scramble' for scarce enery imports) gas imports would cost UK trade balance $5bn per month or £2.8bn per month @ 1.80 exchange rate.  Put another way projected gas imports by 2014 would more or less double existing trade deficit which is running at around £3bn per month.

The problem doesn't end there - oil imports will likely exceed £1.5bn per month by 2014 and almost every day we read reports of manufacturing and services processes departing UK for low cost bases in China, India etc.; all such moves contribute to deteriorating trade balance.  Neither can UK expect to rely on financial services to offset much of the additional currency costs of energy imports as sizeable downturns in the markets are likely to occur in light of increasing cost and declining availability of oil and gas.

To summarise even if sufficient surpluses in producer nations exist for UK to import gas on such a large scale by 2014 I would seriously question how affordable it is; certainly to borrow such a large amount of foreign currency would mean long term rises in interest rates which in turn would seriously impact those already over-indebted for housing etc.  Not least 2014 is, in energy terms, 'tomorrow' and very little we do now on the supply side will deliver by 2014, certainly not a new generation of nuclear power stations.

Your comment on the UK using 1.7 MBOE/D surprised me. I know that UK oil consumption is around 1.8 MB/D, but I hadn't realised that we use as much natural gas as we do oil. According to EIA latest figures, we have about 18.8 Tcf of proven reserves (-10% from previous year), and we produce less than 3.6 Tcf (2003 latest figures) per year. That gives us about 7 years of NS gas, using a no depletion model and no more gas is added to the proven reserves.
We used 1.7m boe/d for UK gas consumption in a paper prepared last year as submission by Depletion-Scotland to a Royal Society Edinburgh energy enquiry.  This figure was based on 2004 consumption and we had a DTI source reference at the time we wrote the paper but this reference no longer works (URL no longer valid).  On further checking on DTI site and downloading the 'Supply and consumption' report (ET 4.1) revised March 2006 annual UK gas demand for 2005 is stated as 1,100,732 GWh which converts to 714.6m boe or 1.96m boe/d.  On this basis potential import costs by 2014 are some 15% higher than stated in my earlier post.
Chris, do you have any info re contract price and escalation clauses for gas from Ormen Lange?  I would assume UK will simply have to pay prevailing world prices for gas imports from Norway, Qatar, Algeria etc.

It's interesting to note that not only did N Sea provide security of gas supplies but it did so at artificially low cost (I know as I was at many of the meetings negotiating gas prices and escalation clauses).  For years after inception in late 1960's contract prices for the major southern gas fields were low and the escalation clauses were not only extremely hard to trigger but only applied to a portion of the price when they were eventually activated (after the 1st 1970's oil shock).  The (then) Gas Council was the monopoly buyer and they, and consumers, were thus highly protected from any increases in world gas prices.

Chris, do you have any info re contract price and escalation clauses for gas from Ormen Lange?  I would assume UK will simply have to pay prevailing world prices for gas imports from Norway, Qatar, Algeria etc.

I too would be interested to know about the current LNG & pipeline NG contracts status:

  • How many contracts are in place, and with whom?
  • What are their lifetimes?
  • What volumes have been agreed?
  • For Norway, how much flexibility do they have to cutback our supplies?

I have a feeling that there are a lot of "maybes" in all this!
I don't have any specific information about import contracts or Ormen Lange... however in the case of Ormen Lange I doubt there is enough infrastructure to export its full potential anywhere other than the UK so the logistics alone might offer the UK some degree of security from that source.