What do you think is the current energy conversion rate in the US?  A recent story in my home state of New Jersey indirectly implied that the energy used in shipping and processing the materials needed to make ethanol resulted in less energy - although it was still profitable to make, probably because of government subsidies.

Thanks for your fine comments, as usual.

Part of the answer is also that some of the energy inputs are also cheaper per BTU than the output.

Current price of ethanol is ~2.50/gallon, which translates into $29.7/mln.BTU.

If for example the ethanol plant uses natural gas for the destilation process it will pay some ~$7/mln.BTU. And if it uses coal, the cost would be only $1-2/mln.BTU. Even if it uses electricity the cost would be quite lower than the output - $14.50/mln.BTU (for $50 per mgawatt-hour).