HO

Mining has, for many minerals, transitioned from a surface operation, to an underground one

I'm not sure about this, European coal mining transitioned from uderground in Europe to above ground in S Africa and Australia.  U mining, high grade deposits in Canada are mined underground, but else where it is low grade open cast that is the order of the day.

Can you name some minerals that have transitioned from surface to below ground on a global, as opposed to local, scale?

Also, a popular theme of mine at present is natural reservoir energy / potential.  In Tar Sands this is zero.

I happen to like SAGD as a process, partly because it seems to be environmentally more sustainable, but also because it does a first stage refining in the ground - the least volatile bitumens get left behind.

I'm thinking of working up a post on the Claire Field, West of Shetland.  Europes biggest oil field - I kid you not.  So why was it Brent Blend and not Claire Blend that hit the markets.

http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/clair/clair1.html

Shorting Claire would have had a certian ring to it.

E

Reading from the link I see that the first stage of development is of an area with initial oil in place of 1.75 billion barrels of which they believe they can recover 250 million barrels. That is 14% recovery with all the technology that peak oil sceptics tell us is going to up the recovery factor.

It is probably safe to assume that this is the best part of the field and the rest of the 2.7 billion barrels will either have poorer yield of be more expensive to extract.

It is perhaps not surprising that it has not previously been developed despite being discovered 29 years ago.

Nick - that's the whole point, Clair has heavyish oil and poor reservoir quality.  Mid way between oil sand and Brent.
Euan:
I think you are reading a lot more generality into my comment than I had intended.  I was thinking of such operations as Bingham Canyon where they are moving from an open pit mining of the copper ore into the underground, and, in a number of cases, diamond mining as, once they extract the surface accessible resource, they start to work down the pipe.

Further, if you go up on the hills West of Alnwick you will come to Eglingham, where my ancestors worked from the coal outcrops into shallow underground coal mining (You have to look hard to find the evidence of mining, and the remains of the houses).

I was trying to use the concept as the basis for discussion of how one can reclassify the volumes of oil available from a reservoir (along the lines of the changes that folk such as IHS and CERA are currently making).

My point in regard to SAGD is that it requires more energy (you have to heat the water to steam instead of of just getting it hot) and that it only recovers up to 60% of the oil - thus by "inventing" underground mining of the sand one could claim that one had increased the reserve available.

Regards

HO

HO,

My understanding is that Encana grabbed most of the best acreage amenable to SAGD, leaving the surface stuff for others.  I also think they have a solid plan for up scaling their operations, and they own rights to a lot of gas.

So my guess would be that in upsacling terms, SAGD may have a brighter future - but I've not been able to follow this debate in sufficient detail.  WRT energy inputs and steam, a lot of the energy added below ground in the form of steam stays there and will continue to do work for the recovery process for many years to come.

So, has there been any good net energy studies done comparing SAGD with mining? This, encompassing life cycle of resource extraction, would be pretty central to the Athabasa tar sand debate.

In Venezuela, Statoil were working with PDVSA on a diesel reflux system for heavy oil recovery.  Has anyone ever posetd on that?  I still know folks at Statoil - one of whom may be able to provide enlightenment.

E