$5/l?  That's about $19/US gallon!  I assume that you mean $AU and not $US?  Have you actually seen such prices?

yes, i was thinking in $au (that was partially why i put the $au petrol price at the bottom of the post), and i picked a value that is at the higher end of possible in the near future (if peoples predictions of doom are true).

Eh? I am in Perth and we are paying AU$1.30/L which is still cheap by European standards (historically expensive but no-one is complaining because we are in a mad LNG/minerals driven boom).
AU$1.30/L = US$1.00/L = US$3.8 / gallon

Australia fascinates me.

Howard keeps talking about the 'once in a 1000 years drought' yet he denies global climate change.

It doesn't seem to have occurred to anyone in power that this might be the new norm, and the past is the anomaly.

(at least Harper in Canada has the justification that if there is global warming, Canada is (for a time) a *nicer* place in which to live)

A Liberal Senator was quoted as saying that clearly some of these farms should never have been made (true) and the solution is to relocate the farmers to the 'new frontiers' in Queensland and Northern Territory.

So the solution to despoil a fragile ecosystem is to despoil another one?

Howard keeps talking about the 'once in a 1000 years drought' yet he denies global climate change.

I'm not entirely familiar with Howard's musing on climate change, but what does it matter? He's pushing for new nuclear plants in Australia where the opposition party is pushing for coal.

It matters big time.

Australia is the highest producer of greenhouse gases per head in the world (I think it marginally laps Canada in this regard). As a highly advanced country, it has a big impact on 'thought leadership' and the behaviour of the rest of the world.

It's also a fragile ecosystem which goes through very long periods of drought, and has marginal soils over much of it. I think Jared Diamond put it rightly when he said there was a reason why there were only 500,000 aboriginal inhabitants in the country before the coming of the white man. His point that aborigines were well adapted to a world where it might not rain for a few hundred years is very well taken.

(apparently there was a presentation by climate scientists to US West-of-Missippi water resource planners. When the scientists showed them rainfall and snowfall projections for 50 years out, what might happen if global warming is unabated, the planners' reaction was 'there's no point worrying about it, because if there is that little water, we cannot cope'.

It has been suggested that such was the fate of the Anansi, around 1100 AD-- a complex and sophisticated civilisation killed off by drought.

I wonder if Australia is in the same bind?)

Spending a few billion building a couple of nukes will not change the greenhouse gas emission picture by any great percentage.

Building nukes is not the one size fits all solution to global warming. It could be part of the solution, if we can work out what to do about the waste, what to do about proliferation, what to do about terrorist risk, and the nagging 'overpromise and underdeliver' which has been the history of the industry since the word go.

The civilian nuclear power industry wouldn't exist if we hadn't had the government subsidies to build that industry (disclosure: my father built nuclear reactors for a living-- I practically glow atomic radiation in my family history). We had those subsidies because there was an enormous drive to justify the military nuclear budget with peaceful spinoffs (remember the plan to redig the Panama Canal with nuclear bombs? Project Plougshare?). There was also a plan for an atomic powered plane which sucked up a few hundred million dollars in the 50s and 50s.

Put it another way, in the Socolow-Paccala model, of 15 'wedges' each accounting for a 1 bn tonne pa reduction in Carbon Emissions in 2050: Business As Usual is 15bn tpa, target is 7bn tpa or less (ie no more than current emissions), then:

- building 700 nuclear stations is 1 wedge. Building 700 3rd generation stations would stretch the nuclear industry to its raw limit. And at best, it is 1/8th of the way there.

Australia is the highest producer of greenhouse gases per head in the world (I think it marginally laps Canada in this regard). As a highly advanced country, it has a big impact on 'thought leadership' and the behaviour of the rest of the world.

And using nukes to displace coal power certainly addresses that...

It has been suggested that such was the fate of the Anansi, around 1100 AD-- a complex and sophisticated civilisation killedoff by drought.

I wonder if Australia is in the same bind?

Desalination and trade says nope.

Building nukes is not the one size fits all solution to global warming. It could be part of the solution, if we can work out what to do about the waste, what to do about proliferation, what to do about terrorist risk, and the nagging 'overpromise and underdeliver' which has been the history of the industry since the word go.

Oh I'm not sure that you can do anything about climate change, but if you can, just displacing coal is the easiest low hanging fruit to grab and the most cost effective way to do that is with nuclear power. Ignore the waste with the magic of discounting, its doing no one harm sitting in casks. Proliferation is orthoganal to power production. Terrorism is the boogyman for every technology, and blowing up a skyscraper is gonna do a lot more collateral damage than blowing up a reactor.

The civilian nuclear power industry wouldn't exist if we hadn't had the government subsidies to build that industry (disclosure: my father built nuclear reactors for a living-- I practically glow atomic radiation in my family history). We had those subsidies because there was an enormous drive to justify the military nuclear budget with peaceful spinoffs (remember the plan to redig the Panama Canal with nuclear bombs? Project Plougshare?). There was also a plan for an atomic powered plane which sucked up a few hundred million dollars in the 50s and 50s.

Er... so what? Without coal, nuclear is the cheapest way to produce baseload on top of hydro.

building 700 nuclear stations is 1 wedge. Building 700 3rd generation stations would stretch the nuclear industry to its raw limit. And at best, it is 1/8th of the way there.

I dont buy that. The french went from near zero to 70% of their entire power grid inside a decade.

Australia - yes to trade and desalination, but it will be a different Australia

(the Murray River situation looks so bad, it could be a *very* different Australia. Western societies don't move to Middle Eastern levels of water consumption without real pain-- the Israelis haven't managed it).

Australia won't build enough nukes to seriously change the greenhouse gas situation. I'd have to dig, but Australia is about 60% of its electricity from coal (and a significant chunk of the rest is Hydro--oops). Assuming Ontario (11 million people and about 32GW of peak capacity) and Australia have similar power capacity per head, then Australia has something like 60GW of capacity.

30 GW of capacity would be c. 24 3rd generation units. There's no way they can build that inside of 20 years, starting from scratch.

Nuclear works for baseload, the economics are lousy outside of baseload.

You say nuclear power is the lowest cost solution. My point is entirely that: nuclear power historically has been anything but 'low cost'. There is a built-in optimism to that industry that you have to discount.

The French did not go from 0 to 70% of their entire power from nuclear in a decade (I'd have to check on the phasing, but they spent a lot of time building those reactors). They spent 3 decades building up that infrastructure.

'ignore the waste with the magic of discounting' -- hmmm.. would you suggest the chemical industry do that? Why don't we just discount the damage of CO2 at such a high rate that we don't care about next year?

Analagously we could simply discount everything at such a high rate, spend all our money and die right now. Set the discount rate high enough, and that's what we would (rationally) do.

proliferation is a threat if you build more nukes. It's not orthogonal to anything.

blowing up a skyscraper does more damage than blowing up a nuclear reactor? Doesn't that entirely depend on your assumptions about radioactive release? In any case, the reactor is not the most vulnerable part of the chain.

If you don't think we can do anything about global warming, then why go for nuclear? Coal is far cheaper.

30 GW of capacity would be c. 24 3rd generation units. There's no way they can build that inside of 20 years, starting from scratch.

Sure they could; They wont, but its technically and financially quite feasable.

But every reactor displaces a coal plant, and thats a good thing.

You say nuclear power is the lowest cost solution. My point is entirely that: nuclear power historically has been anything but 'low cost'. There is a built-in optimism to that industry that you have to discount.

Compare it to anything besides fossil, which we can either expect to get more expensive or be assigned externality costs, or hydro, which has a limited number of sites. Historically, with all the R&D that needed to be done as well as custom built plants, the cost has still been low.

The French did not go from 0 to 70% of their entire power from nuclear in a decade (I'd have to check on the phasing, but they spent a lot of time building those reactors). They spent 3 decades building up that infrastructure.

They started the rapid expansion program in 1974. By 1984, over two thirds of french electricity was nuclear. In 1973, most of their electric power was derived from coal, and today france is one of the lowest emitters per head of industrialized countries.

'ignore the waste with the magic of discounting' -- hmmm.. would you suggest the chemical industry do that? Why don't we just discount the damage of CO2 at such a high rate that we don't care about next year?

The chemical industry can do that sure, if its sitting in casks in some parking lot. Its not doing anyone any harm there, and we can revisit the issue again in fifty years to make sure the casks are getting on fine.

Analagously we could simply discount everything at such a high rate, spend all our money and die right now. Set the discount rate high enough, and that's what we would (rationally) do.

Sure, whats your point? The discount rate isn't ten thousand percent.

proliferation is a threat if you build more nukes. It's not orthogonal to anything.

Power reactor fuel is unsuitable for weapons development. If a nation-state wants nuclear weapons, they'll pursue them seperately.

blowing up a skyscraper does more damage than blowing up a nuclear reactor? Doesn't that entirely depend on your assumptions about radioactive release?

Chernobyl killed maybe 100 people, and gave a few kids thyroid cancer, most of whom recovered and wouldnt have gotten sick anyways if it werent for iodine deficiencies in the area. A couple of planes in WTC killed 3000.

If you don't think we can do anything about global warming, then why go for nuclear? Coal is far cheaper.

Are you just trying to be argumentitive. I think nukes should be pursued either way because coal is a limited resource and has the potential to be far more expensive when its gobbled up for CTL projects as the oil starts to dry up, and evidence shows that nuclear done well is the same cost or even cheaper than coal. You should go for nukes because you seem to think emissions are bad on their own.

So many problems.

1) Coal is NOT far cheaper. It kills 300,000 people a year in the US alone, for free. Add any cost to that (even just medical bills) and coal is the most expensive thing around. You talk about nuclear research grants when comparing it to an industry that is subsidized by allowing it to kill people for free. Seriously, think a little bit here.

2) Proliferation is orthogonal. The US already has nukes, and australia could have them if they wanted them. If we went to build reactors in the congo, then you might have a point, but we aren't doing that. You know what really spreads proliferation? Rich countries using up all the fossil fuels so the poor ones are left with no option but nuclear, that would do some serious proliferation.

3) If the 911 hijackers had crashed into indian point instead of the WTC, thousands of people would still be alive right now.

4) Nuclear is the cheapest. You can look up the numbers, currently it makes power for something like $0.03-$0.04/KWh, which is as cheap as it comes.

5) Nuclear waste, what a straw man. Waste itself has a half life of a few dozen years, and would be safe within 300. It's not the waste that's a problem, it's the unburned fuel, which has an extremely long halflife. Reprocessing would fix this problem, but the environmentalists fight it tooth and claw because it would take away their signature "waste is lethal for [insert whatever preposterous number here] years" argument that they love so much, and the nuclear power industry really doesn't want it because Uranium is cheap, and likely always will be.

6) Coal power produces something like half the world's CO2 emissions, if you want to have a good solution to global warming, this would be a terriffic way to start. Hell, the oil will run out in a few decades anyway, so I'm not sure oil is such an issue, it'll solve itself.

7) Look it up, the french really did it in about 10 years. And they did this starting from basically nothing. I love this line of thought, making 30 reactors will take decades, yeah, if they're built one at a time by the same construction crew. You think Australia is large enough to have a few different crews competent to pour cement? I do.

So much misinformation, so little time.

Dez

Regarding Baseload electricity read this article by Professor Mark Diesendorf a leading advocate of renewables. You might find it interesting. Just first two pages.

http://www.rodney-jensen.com.au/dec-06.pdf

He doesnt really say anything that supports his view that renewables are capable of competitive baseload power.

Wind couples well with hydropower for load balancing provided your resevoir is large enough, but its just not as scalable as nuclear. Sure, wind should be pursued where it makes sense, but the notion that wind alone is capable of baseload competitive with nuclear just isn't so.

doublepost

Dez

Thatis not quite correct. They are having an each way bet.

At Federal level opposition (labor) you get an environment policy advaocating solar and clean coal plus conservation.

http://www.petergarrett.com.au/ClimateChangeFactSheet.pdf

The State Labor governments (same party as above flogging coal off like no tomorrow. Regardless of clean coal. Google Anvill Hill

or read this

http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/NSW-wont-appeal-Anvil-Hill-ruling...

Howard government advocates nuclear but not for 10-15 years. Its not economic unless a carbon tax is brought in but don't want to disadvantage fossil fuel industry and minerals industry. Advocate clean coal but again only economic if carbon tax or cap is introduced.

No talk of bulldozing dirty coal plants by either or shutting them off. Or compensating stranded assets.

At Federal level opposition (labor) you get an environment policy advaocating solar and clean coal plus conservation.

Clean coal still increases emissions as the economy grows. Solar I'm sure will have feel-good funding measures that contriubute less than 1% to the national grid will look good on a political campaign button, but its effectively worthless, and conservation is a favorite thing to talk about that never actually does anything. Only nuclear power has the capability of significantly reducing emissions growth.

No talk of bulldozing dirty coal plants by either or shutting them off. Or compensating stranded assets.

If you dont build nuclear, new coal plants will be built. Clean or not, they'll increase australias emissions. Fighting against nuclear is fighting for coal, no matter what sort of emissions reducing platform your political party is advocating.

Its slightly different in Germany, where fighting against nuclear is fighting for importing electricity from France.

Dez

That is why I said Labor was having an each way bet.

Libs (conservatives) are also having an each way bet. They want nukes but dont to disadvantage coal.

Both are not really fair dinkum on GW. 10-15 years is too late.

The thing is tax carbon and use cap and trade reduce payroll. company and personalincome tax and let the market decide what technology is most appropriate. End subsidies as they distort markets.

They need to stop trying to pick winners and protect status quos.

Also don't underwite nukes as this is just another taxpayer subsidy.

Both are saying you can have cake eat it too and not put any weight on.

I don't know if the Southwestern Australian drought is still running (Tim Flannery is very good on it in The Weather Makers)-- we don't get coverage over here, whereas the Murray River situation does.

However it strikes me that the threat of drought to Australia is as great, or greater, than the possibility of peak oil. Oz has lots of energy, in lots of forms (gas, coal, uranium, solar). It doesn't have a lot of water.

Valuethinker

The Murray Darling Commission latest report for December

http://www.mdbc.gov.au/__data/page/1366/December_drought_update06.pdf

Its not a rosy picture for the future months ahead if things get worse.

Here is their homepage;

and you may want to read the first ministers briefing

http://www.mdbc.gov.au/__data/page/54/First_Ministers_Briefing_7Nov06_MD...

It is not pretty reading

It literally says we have a big problem.

Prices of fruit, vegetables and meat are expected over the coming months to increase quite noticeably due to the effects of this drought.

The following article says it all

"The outlook for (2007) is really horrendous, (but) we're trying not to really put too much emphasis on it because that will come soon enough."

http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21008372-30417,00.html

You may want to read Ian Dunlop article in Sydney Morning Herald.

Unholy trinity set to drag us into the abyss (GW, PO &lack of water)

http://www.smh.com.au/news/scorchedearth/unholy-trinity-set-to-drag-us-i...

Ian hones into the three real threats and how they are beginning to converge.

Happy reading

Ooops

Homepage is

http://www.mdbc.gov.au

Thanks. Depressing reading, and making me think about the longterm outlook for Canada, which is water-rich (but not necessarily precipitation rich). There is no doubt the US wants Canadian water.

I am struck by the sense that we could be the historical equivalent of:

- Incan emperors reading a strategic briefing about Spain in 1492

- British Generals reading about machine guns and barbed wire in 1914

- Pompei residents listening to their oracles re Mount Vesuvius in about 40AD

- word of a new disease called the Black Death, reaching Europe in 1345

Thank you both for the excellent, albeit depressing, exchange and the links.

Seems to me that TOD with its eye on global warming and peak oil should take a serious look at water issues around the planet.

I can possibly manage without oil, but water, I do not think so.

As far as the Great Lakes are concerned, Lake Superior is at an historic low. And, with the warm winter, the lakes are remaining ice free: more evaporation.

If any country is smug about their "benefiting" from global warming, think again. Populations will be on the move, and they will be headed your way.

I *think* the general view of global warming is that it will increase precipitation in places that are already wet (British Columbia has had the most horrendous storms and snowfalls this year) and make it dryer in places that are already dry.

In the UK the pattern seems to be hotter dryer summers, and wetter winters (more flash floods and storms).

A hotter planet *should* have more evaporation and hence more rain. But it will not be evenly spread.

The really vulnerable places will be the poorer, hotter ones. The 'Green Revolution' is dependent upon pumped irrigation-- so the groundwater has to be there, and so does the fuel.

If the Himalayas don't get their usual snowfall, then 200 million Chinese and as many as 400 million Indians and Nepalese could be desparately short of water.

Such collapses in rainfall are implicated in the fall of previous civilisations including the first civilised city (a place in Syria, where it looks like everything just stopped, one day).

Water is already having geopolitical implications. There have been open and covert threats of war between different countries over water resources:

- Pakistan-India
- Israel-Palestine (Israel gets a big chunk of its water from the Occupied West Bank)
- Syria-Turkey
- Sudan-Egypt

If there are energy shortages it of course impedes our ability to respond.

Your Ian Dunlop guy writes very well.

I often find some of the best people are the ex-corporate execs, who once out of the straightjacket of corporate life and minding what they say, speak with real knowledge and understanding of the issues. Jared Diamond is very complimentary about some of the top multinational oil companies and their attitude to environmental stewardship.

His point about population is not quite right. Except in the (very important) issue of deforestation and soil exhaustion, population per se isn't the problem.

What is the problem is population at our standard of living:

- 20 million Australians put out as much greenhouse gas as 200 million Chinese, and more than 400 million Indians (something over 600 million Africans)

(insert 'Canadians' for Australians if you prefer)

- they also produce as much greenhouse gas as c 50m Japanese

He sure does. Edited version of full article.

Will email Ian today asking him if he would be allow his full article to be published on the drum. You might get the full picture of it.

Population - Yes but that is a very touchy subject here in Australia. Business wants more population. Keep selling suburbia with fridges and washing machines and A/C units.

Most people who are against immigration are on the redneck side.

The govt even gives a baby bonus to mothers to have more kids (due to ageing population). We are also importing more skilled labour for the mining boom. Australia is literally the quarry of Asia. Coal, Uranium, iron ore, LNG and so on.

Australians if not the goverment are realising the effect of GW and climate change and drought. It is making for a very real problem for govt addicted to growth.

Part of problem in cities is in Sydney the dams were built when population was around 1-2 million. We now have 4.5 million. It rains more in sydney than in the dams catchment, yet most don't have a rainwater tank.

Land use planning in major cities is around the car since 1950's. We even support a car industry with 4 manfacturers all building 6 cylinder engine cars and bigger.

This has to change.