I’d also like to emphasize that plotting global data on a cylindrical projection (giving a rectangle world) is a real bad option...

That is a very good point and not one I'd thought about before. On a map like that where we naturally draw conclusions from area it would be nice if the areas were correct - the absolute shapes aren't so important. Is there a Photoshop transform or similar that would let of adjust these maps?

I doubt there is one in Photoshop, but anyway I don’t use it that much. The better thing to do is to re-project the data using some GIS software.

But the worst of all is if this kind of charts is produced with interpolations already in the Cartographic plane. If so, one should expect important distortions on the frigid zones.