Europe's future will definitely not rely on cars and trucks. In my view we have to shift heavily to rail. Internal explosion engines can only on help on collective passenger transport (long range coach).

Rail sounds great, BUT it needs an enormous amount of infrastructure. It's great for the larger population centers (like here in Munich) and is continuing to be expanded. There's only one enormous problem with rail. It's not very flexible.

A car can travel from house to house (point to point - ppt in IT terms). A car can use almost any width of road. A car can drive on the sideburn or even in the grass on the side of the road, if an accident has blocked the intersection in front of you. Or turn around and find a different route. A car can travel on poor and non-paved roads. Only a horse beats the automobile (whether sedan, small truck, van, SUV or whatever) in flexibility! And a car can carry one to many passengers with or without luggage.

A train is not point to point and can only be used in combination with other means. Trains are great! But limitted.

When thinking about alternatives to a car, we have to replace the solutions that the car has offered us over the last century. Remember, the car more or less replaced the train in many (especially the less densly populated) countries.

Whether with internal combustion or electric or whatever really doesn't matter. Think PPT to come up with solutions! By the way, I think cars and trucks will definitely rely at least in part on cars and trucks - even if they don't look like the ones populating the roads today.

Cheers, Dom

Well Dom, maybe a meager energy world means that some of that flexibility will be lost.

Well, my bike is ready.-)

Or maybe it means that "precautionary" societies obsessed to the point of morbid fear by their own shadows, societies that among other things foolishly seek to "decommission" their only short term options, including nuclear power, societies that choose to ignore questions of supply, will simply become miserable backwaters self-consigned to the dustbin of history. Or maybe, more optimistically, when the effects of that sort of nonsensical rubbish really start to bite hard, the people of these fear-ridden societies will finally face up to the hard reality that life is a balancing act, so that seeking the absolute zero of risk and change - including but not limited to climate change and risk attached thereto - might not be the sole and exclusive factor in that balance.

(N.B. that link is impermanent.)

That is the hidden charm of rail. The rationing is implicit. Instead of 2000 cars, providing unlimited mobility 24 hours a day you get 20 departures in 2 directions at your local railstation.

Yeah - railways within cities are the future. Look to Mumbai/india - there are 3 main stretches faning out from downtown - and every station are supported by busses/rickshaws/taxies for the local vicinity of the stations. Private driving is rare as the local trains serves 6-7 millions a day ! Hurrah