Interesting report, but a bit centered around New York. Not surprising, ofcoarse, but a good analysis setting should include a comparison with other parts of the world.

Is NY more CO2 efficient than Tokyo, or Amsterdam, for instance?

Richard,
Not to be sarcastic, but it is a report about NYC. As for comparing NYC's emissions to other cities, I see only London referenced in Figure i. It would be interesting to see the cities outside the US, but it should be presented in some way that normalizes climate.

Apparently, residents of London are more efficient viz. carbon than residents of NYC. I'm curious how much of London's emissions are related to air conditioning. It's a number that's likely to increase, I expect.

Recent reports indicate that if London were to warm up much more (it is currently 12C/20F above normal for April), the subway/underground system would become unusable for the warmer months of the year.

For reasons best explained here it is not considered feasible to cool it.

So, they don't even air-condition the trains in London. I didn't know that.

Just so everyone is clear about NYC, all the trains have air-conditioning. It's a real bear when you're standing on a platform (station) on a hot summer day and the train is pumping out hot air from its AC system, sometimes while the doors are open.

What NYC is considering doing for the 2nd Ave subway is to air-condition the platforms themselves. Where all that waste heat from the trains will go is another question.

I can only speculate how much more attractive an air-conditioned platform would be. I will say that many trains are overcrowded as it is, without the luxury of platform AC. I doubt the incremental increase in passengers would be significant. It would primarily relieve over-crowding on the Lexington Ave lines.