49 comments on This Week in Petroleum 9-06-07
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49 comments on This Week in Petroleum 9-06-07
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GAIA Host Collective
Re: NG now at low price. My understanding is (and others here can flesh it out) that there is relatively little storage space for NG. Thus as long as "production" and consumption are roughly equal, you'll get large price swings as one is a bit more than the other at various times.
One thing that postponed the day of reckoning is the wholesale move in recent years of NG-intensive industries (ammonia fertilizer and some kinds of plastics) from the USA to other parts of the world where NG is still relatively abundant. Another cause has been the relatively mild weather in the last couple of winters. If this winter or the next one happens to be colder than what used to be called normal, expect much higher prices.
With declining extraction of NG in N.America, summers getting hotter, and an on-going well-deserved aversion to additional coal plants, it won't take many more years for the price to start staying higher. Moreover, there is a certain amount of fuel-switching possible between oil and gas, as a few power stations can use either, vehicles can be re-fitted to run on compressed NG, and home and business owners can replace a heating system that runs on one with one that burns the other. Thus, as long as NG is priced a lot less per BTU than oil, such conversion keeps happening, and that means rising NG demand that will eventually equalize the prices of oil vs gas.
Finally, remember that $5 is still a lot higher than it was a few years ago. With drilling for NG becoming less and less productive (4x the wells for the same output) that $5 price is apparently not quite enough for some drillers. That will accelerate the decline, leading to higher prices later...
I, for one, would like to see some more fleshing out. While your comments partially explain some of the recent decline in NG prices, and that's the only point at issue, they don't explain all. I am surprised to see NG come so far back off its high of 15 or 13, whatever it was.
vtpeacenik,
there's quite a bit of natural gas storage in the US. The warm winters in the US over the last two years have meant the pipelines have had plenty of gas left in storage at the end of the last two winters, so the pipelines aren't purchasing more from producers and the producers are shutting in wells and slowing down drilling.
Most of the Barnett Shale was sold to investors with a orojected wellhead price of at least $7.00 per MCF, and those wells have rapid decline in prodution.Prices that are unstable make it difficult to raise money to drill .Bob Ebersole
USA NG consumption is running at a rate that looks like 23.6 TCF for 2007, same as 2003, but mix has changed a lot, with industrial down (fertilizer etc) and electricity generation up, and growing. USA production was down from the 2003 peak in 2004/5/6 but is about back to 2003 level this year. Drilling in ca June 2002 was 1100 wells/mo and in June 2007 was ca 2800 wells/mo, so 2&1/2x the drilling for the same production. Imports from Canada are down slightly this year, while LNG imports are up just about the same amount. Storage capacity now is very close to 3.6 Tcf, excluding line pack, up about 0.04 Tcf from last year. Storage just crossed 3.0 Tcf last week, and there are 8 to 10 weeks left in the injection period, with a mild fall being forecast. Gas available for storage is likely to exceed storage capacity by 100 to 400 Bcf before the end of the injection season, and that is why prices are (temporarily) down. If by late Sept the excess looks like 400 Bcf prices are likely to drop to the point where NG is temporarily substituted for coal for some electricity production, as a way to use the excess. I'm not sure what that price is, but it is probably near or below $4.00/kcf. As noted above a string of mild winters have balanced the situation nicely for NG, keeping prices from going real high. A "normal" winter this year will leave storage at the end of the withdrawal season low enough that it will not be possible to fully replenish storage during 2008. You can then expect NG prices in late Sept/early Oct 2008 >2x the same period in 2007, with the real possibility of a much higher spike. NG prices in early spring and fall are based much more on storage vs capacity than on supply vs demand. Murray
The price where gas is substituted for coal (in terms of loading/deloading) is around £0.25/(european)Therm depending on the relative efficiences of the gas plant and coal plant - what this relates to in $/kcf I'm not sure.