I don't know if this has been posted, but refinery closures in importing countries are a logical consequence of the export/import dynamics. BTW, interesting comments by the Saudi King, as their production is reportedly again declining.

http://www.arabtimesonline.com/kuwaitnews/pagesdetails.asp?nid=15252&cci...
Oil refining surplus may bring wave of UK, US plant closures
DUBAI (RTRS):

Production from new refineries in Asia and the Middle East will cut global refining profit margins and hurt the refiners most susceptible to both market forces and gasoline markets, said Johannes Benigni, managing director of JBC Energy. “UK plants are the most exposed,” Benigni said. “They are not in good shape. They rely on gasoline exports to the United States. Eventually, they will either have to reduce runs and if they can’t adapt, will have to look at closure.US plants are also exposed.” Many of the new refineries are coming online in countries such as China and the Middle East where governments are looking to fulfill the strategic objective of meeting domestic demand. That makes the plants less susceptible to market forces than those in Europe, the United States and Japan, Fesharaki said.

Regarding the Saudi comments:

http://www.theoildrum.com/node/2767
Net Oil Exports and the "Iron Triangle"
July 13, 2007 - 8:00am

If one resides in the oil industry leg of the Iron Triangle, and if one has concluded that Peak Oil is upon us, or extremely close, does one say, "We cannot increase our production," and thereby encourage massive conservation and alternative energy efforts, or does one say "We choose not to increase production and/or we are temporarily unable to increase production for the following reasons (fill in the blank)?"

But now they are saying they are setting aside some fields for future generations, which seems like a very rational way of looking at things. I don't see our oil companies offering to set aside, say, ANWR, Bakken, or the OCS for future generations.

They clearly have signaled that there is a problem, that oil is not infinite, that they, and therefore we, need to take alternative action to prosper, or even survive, in the future. Even if their lack of additional production is a function of choice, and not necessity, so what? What would change the dynamic to induce them to produce more oil? If these prices won't do it, what would? $500 oil?

Of course, we are getting decidedly mixed messages from the Saudis. The oil minister is talked about proven + probable + possible of hundreds and hundreds of billions of barrels, approaching a trillion.

In any case, the data are not yet conclusive, but we can say that the successor swing producer, Saudi Arabia, is showing the same post-peak characteristics as the prior swing producer, Texas, at about the same stage of depletion (based on HL), to-wit:

Higher Oil Prices + Increased Drilling = Lower Oil Production

leave it in the ground, with grace from god, our children need it

At least the Saudi King is being honest at last - it's not like it isn't obvious stuff - without oil the Saudis literally die, so it's not like we on TOD didn't expect this.

Drip, drip, drip! When, if ever, will MSM get the message?

The King appears to be saying that he doesn't buy into significant reserve growth for his country, that future high prices won't have the effect of creating additional reserves. In other words, he appears to be skeptical of the theory (unproven, of course) that the world economy and the future well-being of billions now rely upon. From a mainstream economist's perspective, the King is truly radical.

Related to this is that he seems to be suggesting Saudis won't be raising production. Ever.

Very good observation, Pedestrian. I wonder if, as well, his most excellent majesty hasn't recognized that the longstanding line that market forces are keeping several million bpd of production offline is beginning to look like the shallow lie that it is in the face of relentlessly increasing oil prices.

Shifting the narrative from exaggeration about reserves and distortions about adequately supplied markets and large inventories (essentially all new demand is coming from countries like China with no known inventories), to concerns about the well-being of future generations of Saudis, improves the credibility of the 'managed' production scenario. The king probably considers this to be a superior 'information' strategy in the face of arguments from regime opponents that the kingdom's primary resource is being frittered away.

It's all propaganda and not very good propaganda at that. Either the Saudis are willfully holding oil off the market to make a killing -- short term gain for long term disaster -- or they are just attempting to obfuscate the fact that they can't substantially increase production.

I hate reading these statements. They aren't even comforting lies. What the Saudis have failed to understand is that a good lie holds in it at least a part of the truth. This stuff here is just mumbo-jumbo -- with added mumbling for effect.

I thought that the King's statement about leaving the oil in the ground for the children was very smart. If Saudi oil production later this year is below 9 mbd then the King can simply say "we are saving some oil for our children".

Here is a chart from Zagar's ASPO 2005 presentation which shows some static fields in green which could be saved for the children.

Saudi Arabia Discoveries OIIP - click to enlarge
source
Saudi Arabia Can It Deliver?
Jack Zagar, MHA Petroleum Consultants
ASPO Conference - Lisbon, Portugal, May 19-20, 2005
http://www.cge.uevora.pt/aspo2005/abscom/ASPO2005_Zagar.ppt

The static green fields may be small in size and harder to develop than large fields but could be significant. The 65 static fields contain about 17% of OIIP of about 100 Gb. Assuming a conservative recovery factor of 30% this gives 30 Gb URR in total. The average URR per field would be just over 0.45 Gb.

Assuming that the King's statement is a warning that Saudi's oil production is now in slow decline, or at best on a 9 mbd C&C plateau, then I have no doubt that the world's crude oil and lease condensate production is now in irreversible decline as shown below.

click to enlarge
Please note that the chart above includes Alberta tar sands production but excludes biofuels, natural gas liquids and refinery processing gains.
For more info please see http://www.theoildrum.com/node/3623
and http://www.theoildrum.com/node/3665

One thing that's interesting when looking at the Saudi Discoveries plot is that of all the fields discovered since 1970 or so, they chose to develop the Hawtah fields -- and they have proved to be problematic. And they didn't stumble across them, either. They looked real hard, and then were very excited (and boastful) when they found them. Why develop those, and not the others (especially those which are larger)? The super light API oil? I don't think that they were inspired by JFK* and did it just "because it was hard". Rather, the others were less attractive for some reason. Go after the easy oil first, and wait for later technology improvements to make getting the harder oil out less costly.

*from his Moon Speech

I suppose the Hawtah fields, at the bottom left of the chart below, were the easiest to develop compared to the other discoveries made since about 1970. Many of the other discovered fields in the 1970s appear to be located in the upper left corner of the chart below. These fields might also contain heavier oil and lack infrastructure.

click to enlarge

excellent chart! thanks ace!

Given the attitude exhibited in the top article, even when inklings do occur to the MSM, their stake in BAU will, shall we say, color their interpretation. What begins as a bashing of ASPO shifts into some recognition of the problem: the liquids that can pass for “oil” cannot grow fast enough in a business-as-usual case. But I find this paragraph to be disgustingly arrogant (emphasis added):

Even if oil does peak and demand remains positive, the effects might not be all that bad. Alternatives would begin to come on strong, as market forces, while lagging, would nevertheless kick in with surprising speed. Sure, we might have to get used to “stagflation” again for awhile. And if energy prices go through the roof, and gasoline costs $12 a gallon, that will still be OK to those of us who can afford it. Plus, it will have the highly desirable side effect of keeping the Third World in their...well, let’s just say in third place. (After all, if everybody gets rich enough to buy a car, who will make my $80 tennis shoes for $1 in labor?)

Agreed WT, I follow this logic

…. but refinery closures in importing countries are a logical consequence of the export/import dynamics.

But there is another logic which I cannot grasp and that is:
LOWER REFINING CAPASITY =>> MORE EXPENCIVE CRUDE (<< =>> OFTEN UNCHANGED PUMP-PRICE)
(less demand renders more revenue , in which chapter of a economy-book is this explained?)

When one or more refineries are having difficulties or other issues that make refining capacity GO DOWN (like a fire or heavy maintenance) … well then (according to MSM) the cost of the crude-barrel GOES UP!?!?

IF this perception is correct (and I think it is) then the world should reduce the numbers of refineries, if we find crude expensive and nothing happens at the pump …… no? 

I've never understood the rationale either for oil prices going up following a refinery fire. If we carried the reasoning out to its logical conclusion, and if 100% of all refineries shut down worldwide, would oil prices then be several hundred dollars per barrel?

In any case, as I said previously, I think that refiners are in a situation similar to the airlines. They have to respectively weigh the rising cost of crude and jet fuel against the volume of refined product and tickets that their customers can and will buy--given rising prices for refined products and tickets.

As I said in September, IMO, this suggests declining refinery utilization in importing countries, ultimately leading to less efficient refineries shutting down. Yet another example of the conventional wisdom, i.e., we have too few refineries, being dead wrong.

My private conclusion to this effect is straight forward:

The bidders for the next barrel is sensing trouble (when they read about a refinery fire) ... b/c normally trouble spawns higher prices … and there you go : Higher price there is ! (could it be this simple ? )

Your utilisation argument is the essence of global peaking - economics (need to make profits) determines the timing of the global peak, not geology.

I think the reason the crude price goes up if there is a refinery fire is because the crude stored at that refinery for production is now not going to be used until the repairs are made.

The refinery's shortfall in production has to be made up by increased production somewhere else, so the somewhere else has to purchase extra crude on an urgent basis.

As expected by normal economic theory, when the demand suddenly increases the spot price goes up.

When the refinery is fixed there will be temporary overcapacity so the crude price will fall back - hence the daily ups and downs in price.

xeroid ,your arguments don’t convince me at all.
What demand increase are you talking about ?

As expected by normal economic theory, when the demand suddenly increases the spot price goes up.

If one refinery is out of operation there is LESS DEMAND UPSTREAM (that refinery simply cannot take oil for practical reasons) and probably their DOWNSTREAM op. is hampered as well (not necessary short term, emptying stocks may take a week or so ..)

World- wide there is one place less to deliver oil, so oil underway to this terminal has to find another place/ taker (nearby) ….. if you were the CEO at the next-door refinery , would you suddenly pay more for this unexpected and unplanned for oil ? Can you squeeze it in between all the regular stuff in scheduled oil-tankers coming your way?

OTOH I would expect an increase at the local pump (downstream), b/c there will be less gasoline available short term.

The Saudis say the market is well supplied.
But they still have Asian refiners on allocation! That is the Asian refiners have contracts for specific amounts of oil to be delivered, but the Saudis are delivering less than the specified amount - WHY?????
When the Saudis start increasing production enough to meet their contractual obligations, Then I will believe they might have more available?

If this is true, it's one hell of a story. Would you be willing to post your sources here?

Leanan linked the story a few days ago on DrumBeat.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/International_Business/Saudi_to...

Not SO Much Hope for Saudi Oil Production,

Alan

Fantastic! I think I'll write my own story about this one. Thanks for the link, Alan.

Best hope for more electrified rail instead ;)

Cheers

We are getting near the end of the period of denial. At what price of gasoline will the mainstream consensus become that we are near or past the world oil production peak?

I do not think the denial can withstand $5 per gallon gasoline.

I also wonder how fast rising demand in Asia will push up prices. So far rising demand has managed to push up prices quite rapidly. Will the rate of price rise accelerate or will demand destruction start to slow the ascent?

This is and excerpt from “Six Degrees” a recent publication on global warming by Mark Lynas

Page 286
States Of Denial
Energy realities are not the only reason why our response to global warming has hitherto been so halfhearted. Our evolutionary psychology preconditions us not to respond to threats that can be postponed until later.
We are good at mobilizing for immediate battles, less good at heading of challenges that still lie far in the future.
Hence the most appropriate term to describe individual and societal responses so far is probably denial..........................

Denial is complex, involving a variety of defensive responses from the familiar “climate change is a myth” to the more understandable (but ultimately no more useful) “but I need my car for my job”.

It is of course, no coincidence that the same people who are deeply wedded to high fossil-fuel use – oilmen for example, are the one most likely to deny the reality of climate change...........................
there is nothing more difficult as trying to get a person to understand something when their salery depends on not understanding...............

According to psychologists, denial is a way for people to resolve the dissonance caused by new information that may challenge deeply held views or cherished patterns of behaviour.
Motorists therefore, may not be willing to absorb information, that challenges their perceived need to use their cars............................

Given that resolving dissonance is difficult and that denying it is dishonest, many people choose another way out of the dilemma: displacement.
In short, they blame someone else...............................it may mean singling someone else whose behaviour is worse – the hybrid driver pointing to the Hummer driver for example.

For policy makers, displacement might mean blaming entire countries: The Byrd-Hagel resolution in the U.S. Senate refused to countenance any change to American lifestyles unless developing countries also cut back on their emissions....................

Climate change (and in Bandits opinion peak oil) is a “tragedy of the commons” problem, where behaviour that makes sense at an individual level ultimately proves disastrous to society when repeated by everyone.
The concept's originator Garrett Hardin, gives the example of cattle herders using shared pastures to illustrate the problem.
Each herder stands to gain individually by adding another cow to the common; he gets more beef and milk but if all herders act the same way, the result is overgrazing and the destruction of the shared resource.

Psychological denial is integral to the process, Hardin writes: “The individual benefits as an individual to deny the truth, even though society as a whole, of which he is a part, suffers”.........................

Perhaps the most pervasive and enduring form of denial is what the Swiss researchers call “the faith in some form of managerial fix” in particular in the belief that the white knights of technology will come riding to the rescue.
Like other forms of denial, the faith in a “techno-fix” evades the need for any serious behavioural change..................................

In a wider sense, one could argue that the whole economic system of modern Western society is founded on denial........................
End book excerpt.

In my opinion the large amount of thread hogging on TOD is by many people still in denial or forever in denial.
They explain their dreams as going down “kicking and screaming” or “doing something” or “not, not doing anything”.
Until it is accepted that we will have to suffer and I mean really suffer, on a collective and especially an individual level, we will continue to read on TOD how we can continue our lifestyle if only we electrify everything and change to new forms of energy and power generation.

Richard Heinberg got it right, we have to power down. We have to power down now, nothing else will suffice.
That would mean suffering though.

What practical use is there in concentrating on accepting suffering in advance ?

I do not deny it (see my TOD article on 2034) but I do not fear it or concentrate on it.

http://www.theoildrum.com/node/3140#comments

Been there, Done that in New Orleans,

Alan

I'll tell ya what big guy, of all the folks who post here, you are by far the most delusional. Yeah, we're all gonna rally and build in all the railworks required to keep bau up, running, and sweet. Right. Get off your pillow. We are no more going to rescue Amurika with railway than we are putting out a forest fire by spittin' on it.

Do you realize that your dreaming is NOT going to happen, or do you just like to read your own posts. Oh sure, let's all just vote for rail, that'll make all our troubles go away.

I get the impression you are a very energetic and sharp person. You've a brain. Short supply 'round here. Use it for something other than masturbation.

Jeff

I am not at liberty to discuss all that I am doing, but it is more than "masturbation".

Contacts developed through TOD have been a crucial element.

When I started I gave myself a 1% or 2% chance of having a significant impact that resulted in on the ground change. Today, it is in the 10% to 12% range.

Best Hopes for Long Shots,

Alan

Alan's reply is more than sufficient & he doesn't need me to chime in. However...

Alan seemingly has a wonderful combination of both being bright and in good control of his delusions. I don't mean that disparagingly - I don't think any human is delusion-free. (I try to keep a reasonable index of my own for the purpose of applying fudge factors.)

He has chosen to hope. That's not delusional, it's a rational choice. His chances of making a positive difference are not zero; there are large degrees of freedom left in the system to say the least.

And in his response he mentions "long shots"... which increases my respect for him even more. In my experience, which has been interesting and varied, those who are willing to "bet it all" on a longshot chance of making a difference are, in fact, those who have a real chance of doing so.

To the extent people note my posts at all, they wouldn't think of them as hopeful; since my hope is reserved for different things (mostly the non-human aspects of the earth's future). But it picks me up to read Alan's postings, even if I suspect his chances are a longshot... which would have been my word. That he cheerfully labels them longshots himself is inspiring.

Alan may well be subjectively delusional about some stuff or may not be (I think the jury's still out on rebuilding below sea level in NOLA), but his lucid presence here helps keep the flavor of TOD balanced, with a high standard of smarts and civility.

Best hopes for more smart activists and long shots, 'cause we're sure gonna need 'em.

There are two kinds of denialists -- both equally dangerous.

Type one -- ignores the presence of crisis.
Type two -- assumes crisis is inevitable and there is nothing that can be done to mitigate the crisis.

Bandits has a raging case of type two.

I don't think very many people here are saying that we won't have to incorporate efficiency gains in any attempt to deal with the Peak Oil crisis. Using less energy will certainly be a part of the mitigation. Electrification will also help. Alternatives will also help.

Since Peak Oil is likely happening now, I don't think anyone here who is aware of that fact thinks there will be no pain or transition. But there are those here who think that certain actions on the part of governments, communities, businesses, and individuals can help control the damage. Hopefully, we can control the damage enough to keep this ship we call civilization afloat or, at the very least, get as many people as possible to the lifeboats.

So, for my part, I think you're wasting that fantastic foresight of yours. For the love of your fellow man, get off your butt and start thinking how you can help mitigate the problem in your own way!

I volunteer Bandits to walk to work, eat vegetarian, grow his own food, and power down his house. Do I hear any ayes?

Cheers

Rob

Rob,

I'm okay fine with people who want to grow their own food, eat vegetarian, etc. But I work with and direct people doing engineering work. My own response is to want to develop solutions. Not ultimate solutions that make the post-peak adjustment painless. I do not expect such solutions to come in time.

But I certainly think we can develop tech that will make the adjustments less painful than they'd otherwise be and also to start laying the ground work for an eventual turning of the corner when thing start to get better.

Ahh Rob, you forgot type three. Type three are those who deny their impotence to save the world as we know it. They believe that if they just keep making suggestions as to "what we must do" then eventually everyone will get the message, put their efforts into this project, then we could simply mitigate the decline of fossil fuels with only a slight amount of suffering, or at least avoid any massive dieoff in the fifty years.

But there are those here who think that certain actions on the part of governments, communities, businesses, and individuals can help control the damage.

Actions that governments, communities, businesses, and individuals could do and what they will do are two entirely different things. What we will do to mitigate the disaster is exactly what we are doing right now, absolutely nothing. People will not be convinced that anything needs to be done until it is way too late. In fact it is too late right now. We should have started years ago.

That being said, there is nothing we can possibly do that will feed almost seven billion people without the massive energy input from fossil fuel.

Denying the impending disaster is the greatest denial of all. I am often guilty of it myself. But I cope. I have good bourbon.

Ron Patterson

Impending disaster?

For some, it is already here:

Global Warmists kill children. Discuss...:-(

(On the other hand: USA needs oil, world needs US Grains Opportunities for trade here
Give us Oil , we let you live...)

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2008/04/14/ccview...

Our global warming rage lets global hunger grow

By Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, International Business Editor
Last Updated: 1:08am BST 14/04/2008

We drive, they starve. The mass diversion of the North American grain harvest into ethanol plants for fuel is reaching its political and moral limits.

A demonstrator eats grass in front of a U.N. peacekeeping soldier during a protest against the high cost of living in Port-au-Prince
"The reality is that people are dying already," said Jacques Diouf, of the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). "Naturally people won't be sitting dying of starvation, they will react," he said.
The UN says it takes 232kg of corn to fill a 50-litre car tank with ethanol. That is enough to feed a child for a year. Last week, the UN predicted "massacres" unless the biofuel policy is halted.
We are all part of this drama whether we fill up with petrol or ethanol. The substitution effect across global markets makes the two morally identical.
Mr Diouf says world grain stocks have fallen to a quarter-century low of 5m tonnes, rations for eight to 12 weeks. America - the world's food superpower - will divert 18pc of its grain output for ethanol this year, chiefly to break dependency on oil imports. It has a 45pc biofuel target for corn by 2015.
Argentina, Canada, and Eastern Europe are joining the race.
The EU has targeted a 5.75pc biofuel share by 2010, though that may change. Europe's farm ministers are to debate a measure this week ensuring "absolute priority" for food output.
"The world food situation is very serious: we have seen riots in Egypt, Cameroon, Haiti and Burkina Faso," said Mr Diouf. "There is a risk that this unrest will spread in countries where 50pc to 60pc of income goes to food," he said.
Haiti's government fell over the weekend following rice and bean riots. Five died.
The global food bill has risen 57pc in the last year. Soaring freight rates make it worse. The cost of food "on the table" has jumped by 74pc in poor countries that rely on imports, according to the FAO.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/04/14/wfood114...
Soaring food costs risk 'starvation and unrest'

By Alex Spillius in Washington
Last Updated: 2:41am BST 14/04/2008

The world's poorest countries face starvation and civil unrest if global food prices keep rising, the head of the International Monetary Fund has said.
• Growing middle class and bio-fuels blamed

There have been serious disturbances in more than a
dozen developing countries, including Haiti [pictured]
Dominique Strauss-Kahn said in Washington that "hundreds of thousands of people will be starving". "Children will be suffering from malnutrition, with consequences for all their lives," he said.
He predicted that increasing food prices would push up the cost of imports for poor countries, leading to trade imbalances that might also affect developed nations. "It is not only a humanitarian question," added Mr Strauss-Kahn.
Global food prices have risen sharply in recent months, driven by increased demand, poor weather and an increase in the area of land used to grow crops for bio-fuels.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation, 37 countries currently face food crises. Robert Zoellick, the president of the World Bank, urged members yesterday to provide £250 million to help alleviate the problem.

Thanks for all that Moe.

Now tell me, how do I rake in huge profits on this info?

Sarc Cozy

"There are two kinds of denialists -- both equally dangerous.

Type one -- ignores the presence of crisis.
Type two -- assumes crisis is inevitable and there is nothing that can be done to mitigate the crisis. "

Clear evidence of you being a jackass.

I expected no less from you marston, especially since you are forever on your knees in front of A from BE.
It's strange but I don't ever remember saying that there is nothing that can be done to mitigate the crisis.
As a matter of fact didn't I just say we have to power down.

As I have said previously, maintaining the ability to react in the best way possible to the inevitable crises, which will occur in the coming decades is IMO the best possible position to take.
That means conservation now, not using resources which could be sorely needed by future generations.

We know our grandchildren will suffer. Will they be assured of sufficient energy and food. Will they have nice cars homes and vacations?
What do you suggest we should do now, to allow future generations to simply survive, not prosper just survive? We need to ensure future generations can provide a life for their offspring, just like you had the opportunity to do.
Being proactive right now is inefficient and a gamble, resources could be urgently required in areas completely unknown to us right now.
I also understand conservation and powering down is as much a dream as those with solutions such as yours.
At least I'm not in denial.

At least I'm not in denial

Actually, you are in profound denial.

But our internal mental states are of consequence only to ourselves. Our external actions are what matters to the rest of us.

Best Hopes,

Alan

Richard Heinberg got it right, we have to power down. We have to power down now, nothing else will suffice.
That would mean suffering though.

Alas, the suffering I see is from others who will act as if they have a right to not power down.

Idealistic consumerism is still charging along at full speed for some...

From above (gotta love the BS {Bear Sterns) bit)
http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/04/14/america/14partying.php?page=2

Do oil refineries have alternative uses? Can the pipes and cracking units do any industrial chemical processing?

I suspect that bits and pieces could be refurbished, and sold at a deep discount to new, but the systems are optimized for very specific processes.And, absent petrochemicals, what chemical processing will we be doing ? And in what volume ?

Bio sources of ethylene, for example, exist and I could see one polyethylene plant operating on that source long term but world production of polyethylene will decline post-Peak Oil,

Alan