208 comments on Rising Energy Costs and the Future of Hospital Work
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208 comments on Rising Energy Costs and the Future of Hospital Work
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GAIA Host Collective
The number of bacteria that are still susceptible to plain penicillin have been tremendously reduced since its introduction. It might make you feel better to know how to make penicillin, but I suspect its efficacy might be substantially less than you hope for.
When one has an intestinal infection, very common where I live in Mexico, and nothing else works, some cillan will work. Meanwhile, back at the ranch, what you say holds for nasty hospital infections, but most of the same old antibiotics work for intestinal and most infections here in Mexico for many years, like chloromycetin for intestinal infections. And this is something the medical professions can work on, versus the latest pharmaceutical innovation on how to keep someone who is dying of xyz alive for 10 more minutes.
Do you recommend a book for home-making penicillin? It should out-line quantities and the minimum refinement steps, and how to determine dosage and length of time for medicating and the strength of the penicillin. It should also talk about side effects, possible reactions, and other pitfalls that could occur such as breathing in the spores or contaminations.
Thanks, Ben
This site shows a fermentation process to make small quantities of penicillin. It doesn't address the problem of starting with a suitable penicillin strain or how to deal with the problem of foaming due to corn steep. Also make sure you have plenty of lactose on hand and don't forget the freeze dryer. Not as easy as making beer by any walk of the imagination.
http://eschatonmanagement.blogspot.com/2007/05/how-to-make-penicillin-ch...
And here's a pretty good history of its development. This shows how difficult making penicillin really was. Fleming who discovered it was unable to figure out how to extract and purify the penicillin. The penicillin was very unstable and freeze drying was the method used to obtain larger quantities. The first usage by the Oxford team showed very promising results, but the subject died 3 days after they ran out of their limited supplies.
http://acswebcontent.acs.org/landmarks/landmarks/penicillin/penicillin.html
Be sure to flip through all the pages on this latter site if this subject interests you.
Sorry, I just moved to the state of Veracruz, Mexico, and my books are still in boxes. In exactly month, June 11th, try searching: surviving peak oil and peak oil preparations. This is the name of a blog I am working on and it will have the penicillin info and many good books listed. If that doesn't work, email me then: clifford dot wirth at yahoo dot com
I'm not an expert, but plain penicillin may be quite useful in the future. There is generally some cost in robustness for an organism to adapt to anything, which is why most germs were NOT penicillin-resistant prior to WWII even though penicillin had evolved maybe a hundred million or more years ago (wild guess). Because the organisms using it were rare. By the same token, once most humans don't have it, regular strains of germs may get the upper hand over the so-called "supergerms" for the same reason they were more robust in the past. Stuff like MRSA is only "super" in the context of pervasive human antibiotic use, it's probably of lower efficiency than it was before to "buy" this adaptation.
The decentralization of medicine may not bode that well for "supergerms" and if few people have antibiotics, regular penicillin may well become quite useful again. It's a constant evolutionary tit-for-tat and microorganisms show it very directly due to their fast reproductive rate....
Indeed, it was recently found that some old "basic" antibiotics are useful against MRSA now... since they haven't been used much.
In nature, antibiotics are useful DUE TO BEING RARE, whether in bread mold, frog slime, etc. It is not energetically worth a germ's evolving to exploit the niche since it would pay a bigger cost in some other way. We know this is true because bread mold, frog skin, and all the other natural antibiotics still work after millions of years. They probably are periodically overwhelmed by bacteria if the owner gets too populous, and conserved within the organism's genome for later.
It's all about evolution.
ymmv
Pinealone, the good news about antibiotic resistance is that it is usually temporary, not permenant. If al penicillin derivatives were withdrawn from a medical community for 1 year, the suscetibility to penicillin would skyrocket. Many bacteria would eject the plasmid containing the penicillinase gene as it would no longer convey a competitive advantage, and simply consume energy (on a cellular level) transcribing into proteins. Thus, resistance is lost (until the use of penicillin resumes as a therapeutic intervention).