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127 comments on Crude Oil: how high can it go? (19th century whaling as a model for oil depletion and price volatility)
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127 comments on Crude Oil: how high can it go? (19th century whaling as a model for oil depletion and price volatility)
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Here's something I threw together a couple of days back for a Uni assignment...
Caveats:
1) I'm no Statistician, this wasn't for maths or stats etc, more comms related - and I don't fully understand R-squared either.
2) The green/blue/red break-years are just from eyeballing - the curve fits are whatever from Excel's suite that fitted best for each segment (but not surprising they're exponential)
A very clever friend suggested I check that the red curve isn't a simple offset of the blue curve - I did, it isn't, the exponential function is definitely steeper. Click for bigger.
Its interesting the good agreement with the different curves.
Its also interesting that the switch to the new curve coincides with the end of the '06 summer bullrun and the disconnect seen in US pump price rises noted elsewhere.
I wonder if someone somewhere had a meeting.
PS the red curve says $150 before year end, easy
The price behavior seems to defy economic sense. The price elasticity is getting LESS elastic as the price goes up rather than more elastic. It has also been more than 3 years since prices started to rise, so longer term elasticity should be kicking in. (and we have reports of record mass transit usage, so we know something is happening). But that is not slowing the price rise.
Worse, the world supposedly had a rise in oil production last fall/winter that broke the 2005 production numbers. Yet the price did not drop back to 2005 levels. No, that was in the middle of this rapid price increase.
Intuitively, what I feel is happening is that in 2002 - 2007 the poorer consumers were pushed out of the market. They had more elastic demand to oil price. Now that they are gone, wealthy consumers are the only ones left. USA, Europe, China. Those remaining are much less elastic.
I think we are going to see a sigmoid price response. Sigmoid Curve Shape
Where the top part of the curve is set by the maximum value for a barrel of oil. A rough estimate of the maximum value comes from GDP/Barrel of oil Equivalent energy consumption. Roughly $600.00 ($2006)
However, it takes about half the energy of a barrel of oil to use that oil (energy for extracting the oil, building the roads, building the cars, maintaining those cars) so at a price of $300 a customer would be trading back to the supplier the whole value they could expect to get from the oil.
I don't think that price can be sustained for long. It can only happen when subsidized by other energy sources. Or when the purchasing country starts selling off embodied energy to pay for the oil. (like selling banks and farmland etc).
What I feel this Post on Whale Oil is mostly saying, is that humanity has no models for what will happen as a major energy source depletes on a world wide scale. We have always had another (often better) choice. Now, at best, we have worse choices (electricity). And what will happen to the price will need to be determined by model rather than by analogy to past events.
The Sigmoid has no meaning other than as a cheap heuristic to subjectively describe an S-curve, see my rant way below. I know that you aren't applying it to describe something like a URR, yet I don't want to propagate the myth that it has some brilliant deeper meaning.
I mean that the prices will have an S curve with a sharp rise in the middle. The low part of the S is when there are more producers than consumers. They bid against each other holding the price low. Prices rise slowly with production costs.
Then peak oil happens.
Now you have more consumers than producers. They quickly bid up the price for this non-replaceable resource. Prices slew rapidly toward the top of the S. I think that is what we are seeing now and why price elasticity is decreasing - which is opposite of expectations.
Prices stop rising when most of the value of a barrel of oil is going to the producer. Prices stop rising because consumers have no extra margin to trade for more oil. The consumer economy has little surplus to grow. Demand destruction is causing contraction (holding the price lower).
I don't think we are at the top of the S yet. I think at $300.00 we will be there.
I agree and this happens for reasons completely different than what happens in a Birth-Death model which produces the textbook definition of a Sigmoid.
Hi JonFreise,
You say "...at a price of $300...I don't think that price can be sustained for long..." In several European countries we are already paying around USD9 per gallon and this I think represents more than USD300 given the pathetically low US taxes.
At USD9/gallon i do not see a great deal of demand destruction here and sales of gas guzzlers such as Porsche & Mercedes are holding up. In fact revenues at Porsche are increasing:-(
IMHO it will take a significant increase, $200/barrel? to noticeably decrease demand.
You have a point about the higher prices per gallon in Europe. But most of that price is tax. And taxes stay in the national economy. In the model I am putting forward, most of the value will be leaving the local economy. However, your point is still valid if the price of oil payed out circulates back in some manner.
or if you print fresh new money to buy that oil from a thin air...
The linear to exponential switch happens in 2002, a scant 2 years after the date Hubbert published for global peak production some 40 years ago.