108 comments on Book Review: Profit from the Peak
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It may be true that the "global financial system itself is facing perpetual collapse in parallel with the decline of oil production," and indeed I did note several times in the book that the assumptions of continued economic growth are probably bad ones, due to the decline of oil
But--as with the sour crude refiners argument I made--it's probably oversimplifying things to say so. Tell the Middle East that it's facing perpetual financial collapse! I think they would say, "Maybe, but it will be long after yours."
No one can predict exactly how the cookie will crumble. There will be many losers, but there will also be winners. Likewise, no one can say exactly how much switching to renewable energy we can accomplish, or when, or how much demand destruction there might be along the way.
We can, however, say with great confidence that humanity will respond in unpredictable ways, and that it's not out of the question that we might fill the gap of fossil fuel depletion faster than anybody now expects. We already have a multitude of possible solutions to this problem. It's really more a question of political will and financial health than anything else, and who can predict that? To simply say that financial ruin lies ahead would be wrong, and counterproductive.
I truly believe, like the book's subtitle says, that this is the "greatest investment event of the century." Smart investors have an opportunity here to make an enormous amount of money in a very short time, regardless of the larger trends. That's why investing in the energy sector is the focus of the book, and why a discussion about fiat currency and economic theory would have been off topic.
That said, your Hollywood comment wasn't completely off the mark, Andre. I'll just say that it wasn't entirely up to me, and leave it at that.
Thanks for commenting, Chris. Re: the Hollywood ending, I understand how those conversations go. I don't need to pursue that further.
As for not being able to predict the future, please don't be insulted by this but I've found in my work that often that point is made as an excuse to stop thinking (remember that I coach business executives -- they are not immune from this particular foible). Of course you can't predict the future. But you can set ranges and bracket the possibilities. So let's not stop and instead keep going.
On the positive side, does anyone think the economy can grow while oil supply is shrinking? That's clearly impossible given how dependent on oil our economy is. (There are a few people who think this, we call them cornucopians and they are stuck in a paradigm and they can't see that they are stuck, so it's valid to ignore them for now.)
So that leaves the economy staying even as the best outcome possible. Is even that tenable?
No, because the best estimates are that each % of oil provides between 0.6% (from the last oil shocks; see Hirsch's paper on the topic) to 2.5% of the GDP. Given those two data points and at least looking to determine the correct order of magnitude, Hirsch reasons that a 1:10 ratio is too low and that a 10:1 ratio is too high, thus for his purposes a 1:1 ratio works well. I'll use the same order of magnitude.
Now we are left with the economy declining at something like the same rate that oil is declining as the best possible outcome.
What's the worst possible outcome?
The worst possible outcome is that people around the world collectively wake up and realize that the money they think they have in the bank is really nothing but numbers in a computer database. What gives those numbers value are two things:
In other words, these numbers are just an agreement between people backed by the force of law. They are nothing more than that. Agreements can and do change all the time.
If people stop agreeing to the above, then the system breaks down — completely. The numbers in the databases become just numbers in a database.
Now that we've bracketed the best and worst cases (neither of which are very pleasant), let's look at what could cause people to stop agreeing that these numbers in the database are worth paying attention to.
One thing that would do that is massive defaults on the loans that are the source of our fiat currency (see Chris Martenson's Crash Course and the video Money as Debt to understand this point clearly). At that point it doesn't matter if the force of law is there to back up a contract because if the business or individual can't gather the money to service the debt the law can't do anything about it except organize the cleanup.
So what would cause a massive default of loans?
One thing that for sure would do that is a declining economy in which wave after wave of businesses and individuals declare bankruptcy. The filing for bankruptcy is primarily designed to discharge debts at some fraction of the original amount. Countries that allow quick discharges, like the U.S., have tended to be more resilient than those for which bankruptcy is more onerous because entrepreneurs are allowed within a relatively short time frame to dust themselves off and try again. But this would overwhelm the system.
All of a sudden a gradual decline doesn't seem very likely, does it? A massive wave of loan defaults is actually probable as oil is removed from the world economy.
Soon the financiers and asset holders will realize that their best bet is to turn their assets into cash which can then be used to buy things that they really want, like farm land, for instance. That will be the beginning of the Great Asset Selloff and you can already see the beginning of it as we enter the depression by looking at the number of listings in Craigslist.
When I started selling my car at the beginning of February there were about twenty Subaru of all models available in the Bay Area of San Francisco. My strategy was to be the lowest price always so that I got the calls before anyone else. I had two buyers that I foolishly thought were already getting a great deal so I didn't budge during negotiations and they walked away. That occurred at the$600 and $800 below-Blue Book prices. My final selling price at the beginning of May? $1400 below Blue Book and it was getting to be quite a job making sure I was the lowest price because the final week I counted over 70 Subarus of just my model.
The machine is grinding to a halt. Me saying so might just have people prepare a little who wouldn't otherwise, even at the cost of potentially speeding up the process.
So I think a long-term investment strategy has no logical basis to it — at all (see Chris' comment below). And I don't even think it's "on the edge" or "could go either way." Mathematically the economy we have set up requires growth. Remove oil and one removes growth. Remove growth and the system collapses. Period. If the reader doesn't believe that, ask someone who understands this to walk you through it.
That's why in the Post Peak Living Six Week UnCrash Course I recommend that people turn their money into things as quickly as they can (the course and The Guide To Post Peak Living have recommended things). I also coach people to give up their attachment to how they thought the future was going to look and start creating a new future for themselves worth living into. No one is going to give people their new role; they are going to have to create it for themselves and start preparing now. For instance, I am taking a welding course and am going to buy a welding machine and supplies. I figure that might be a good backup skill to have.
And I wish the very best of luck to all of us.
-André
President, PostPeakLiving.com
Cofounder, Post Carbon Marin (part of the Relocalize.net network)
I'm not so sure that the system will grind to a halt, but I do suspect it will both shrink and slow down. Growth isn't necessary for trade to occur. Nor is growth of the total economy necessary for investment. There are parts of the economy that will grow and those parts will get investment. The return on the investment will be small, much smaller than in the past, but it will be there.
I'm not saying that the markets will save us. I'm also not saying that I trust that my current portfolio, a large part of which is invested in ETFs of several major markets, will just grow as in the past. Nor am I saying that I disagree with your recommended courses of action. But I think it is too strong to say that "the machine is grinding to a halt". We're going to get (or are getting) a wallop and its affects are going to last a long time, but markets are incredibly adaptable, and as long as people want to trade goods and services, they will exist, if not grow inexorably.
Hi, Mark.
I don't think it will be the end of all markets. Forgive me if I left you with that impression. Where humans are markets are sure to spring up, of that I'm sure.
Let me be more specific: the current system of trade that depends on far flung suppliers that equally depend on relatively stable exchange rates between the currencies of different countries will grind to a halt.
This is no small thing. I'm not sure I could find even a handful of articles of clothing in my closet that are made in North America.
In the aftermath, small, hyperlocal markets will emerge.
(edit)
As for growth being necessary, I think you'll find all our systems are predicated on the notion that business profits will exist and grow in the future:
and so on.
-André
Cool. I think we are nearly of same mind. Completely agree that many of the services we enjoy today are going to change for the worse if not disappear altogether for a time.
Let's think about a system where growth is not expected. Heck, let's say that our current system comes to that realization. Bam! The markets drop massively with that expectation. Some markets even close as capital flees for cover. But where does the capital flee to? Commodities? Bonds? Cash? Inflation will probably make folk avoid cash and bonds. Companies will still exist, perhaps not the ones we know today, but those that survive will have learned their lesson. Ultimately, all that cash, probably much less valuable cash, will move back into the markets. But then what?
My bet is on growth. Not exponential growth, but a more sustainable curve. Perhaps logarithmic or logistic and starting well below what we're at today. Without the expectation of 6% profit per year, the markets will be much more sane. You won't throw your money into them unless you actually know something. People will still make money in the markets, even on average, just not the kind of money we've grown used to in the last 50 years.
But there's going to be some real suckage between now and then.
I think that without oil, money will have very little value compared to what it has now. The world has way too much money in it as it is, parked in bank accounts with owners who think they have real "wealth."
ChrisN said:
We already have a multitude of possible solutions to this problem. It's really more a question of political will and financial health than anything else
This sounds very cornucopian. Did you really mean that there is no doubt that alternative technologies and resources can substitute for fossil fuels, on the same scale for all uses, as well as allowing continued growth of the economy, into the future, with only politics and economics stopping that move?
Could you clarify whether that is what you meant?
No, I definitely don't mean that. I intentionally said nothing about whether they can achieve the same scale, for which uses, or whether they could allow continued growth. I only said that technologies and strategies exist that have yet to be really exploited.
Where I depart from Andre's view is that I assert that those questions are still formally unanswerable, whereas he seems to be quite convinced that global economic collapse is inevitable.
I think we have to be careful to state which time frames we're talking about, and which countries. In the next 20 years or so, I have no doubt that the developed world will experience economic fallout for all of the reasons he stated, and more. But I am not convinced that the effects will be nearly as bad for the red-hot sectors of the developing world, like Asia and the Middle East.
Likewise, if we go 50 years out into the future, who can say with any confidence what the balance of energy supply and demand will look like? On an day when I'm feeling optimistic, I might say that increased public transport, efficiency improvements, relocalization, and increased RE supply could make a huge difference by then--although how much, we can't say. On a pessimistic day, I might even buy Andre's scenario. But there is no way that I would claim either scenario with any certainty.
In the end, I don't think forecasting that far out is terribly useful anyway. The important thing is that as many people as possible understand the problems, and do their utmost to be one of those "silver BBs" that could, in aggregate, contribute mightily to the solutions.
As Andre alluded, he fears that any optimistic view of the future will breed complacency. I take an opposite position: It's crucial to have some optimism about what can be done in order to motivate people to seek their own solutions.
Hi, Chris.
Well, I thought it was self-evident that we'll experience collapse when people realize that the debt on the books will never be repaid. Just as letting air out of a tire leads to a flat tire so too will removing oil from our economy lead to a rudimentary, local market economy. (Forget alternative energy; it won't make a substantial difference in time or maybe ever.) But I guess it's not so self-evident after all :-).
I think this is formally answerable although I'm not going to attempt it now. One would need to demonstrate that the value of money approaches zero as the stored value on the books evaporates.
By the way, I think people bring emotion into play too early in the process. The first job to do is get clear on the range of possibilities. Do that as dispassionately as possible and use optimism and pessimism merely as tools to change the underlying variables. For instance, bring in optimism to really explore one end of the scale, and then pessimism to explore the other end of the scale. But then immediately remove them so that you can think clearly. Some people, typically engineers in my experience, are adept at this style of thinking.
Once the range is established you are on more solid footing. THEN bring optimism to your response to whatever occurs, not because it's "the right thing to do" but because of what Chris said: people will stay in action and achieve more results if they are optimistic.
Bringing "optimism" in too early will give people a skewed view of the world and they will then make poor decisions.
-Andre'
Thanks for clarifying that. Your saying, "It's really more a question of political will and financial health than anything else" had me wondering if you thought that, technically, there are solutions that would enable economic growth to continue indefinitely.
My take is, I think, irrefutable. Economic growth requires more resources (ultimately), since it means more stuff is made and used (whether it's in services or physical products). As we can't assume that we'll ever be able to plunder the asteroids and other planets for resources, whilst maintaining a liveable environment, it is obvious that economic growth must end. The only real question is when. No doubt there are many factors though maybe collapse will come through the first scarcity of a vital resource.
If we don't move gracefully to a sustainable economic model and a sustainable society, then collapse is inevitable (how could it be otherwise?). If we do manage to get to a sustainable society then it will be very different from now and questions of "investment" and "profit" will have very different answers. From here to collapse or sustainability will be a decline, from the point of view of our current growth society. Even in that interim period, I think any financial investment is risky. If one doesn't absolutely have to urgently find alternative sources of income through gambling or investment, I'm not sure why anyone would indulge.
sofistek, I think the answer to why anyone would invest in energy at this point is self-evident: because if we don't invest in it, it won't materialize! The more we can produce unconventional fossil fuels, the more gradual the decline will be, and the greater our hopes for a managed reconfiguring of our economies instead of a sharp collapse. And the more we invest in renewable energy, the better our long-term chances are for achieving a sustainable society.
Anyone who has no need to increase their wealth or retire their debt is truly blessed, but that isn't the case for most people. I believe that investing in energy is a better choice than just about anything else, aside from the basics like land, water, and food.
Anyone who has no need to increase their wealth or retire their debt is truly blessed, but that isn't the case for most people.
I agree. However, one may be able to redefine "need".
Investing, as implied in your first paragraph (i.e. actually putting money into a venture, rather than trading stocks), is probably not the kind of thing that most people could get into. But both kinds of investing is a gamble, either in the short term or the long term. Those who "need" the extra money may not be able to risk what they have on the stock market. So "need" may be translated into "need, given one's current situation". That current situation may be changed by investments (of varying risk) or by re-arranging one's current situation. For example, taking a hit on one's property and moving down or away. Maybe moving in with family or combining resources with friends or family to better prepare.
For someone that can't afford to lose anything of what they have, is intrinsically risky investment ever the best way to go?
Tony
The first rule of investing is: never risk more than you can afford to lose!
Well said. People please note!
I think fiat currency discussion and economic theory should have been covered(I haven't read the book). what's most likely to happen is that we're going to have massive inflation and even hyperinflation as fiat currencies feel the strain of inflation. it may not be wise to hold some currencies. some fiat currencies might go away. some might convert back to gold or silver standard.