Re: Unexpected Natural Gas Boom

This is a rare bit of good news, but there are several caveats. We have to continue to offset the declines from conventional production, and given the declines curves from shale gas wells, we need to show a constant increase in the number of producing wells. For example, last year, Texas natural gas production increased to two-thirds of our 1972 peak rate, but it took about four times as many wells as we had in 1972. Also, as the article noted,

Some industry experts warn that shortages of engineers and rigs, the scarcity of pipelines near some shale fields, and fights over land and water use could slow development.

The immediate limiting factors are personnel, rigs and infrastructure. Another key point that I constantly hammer is that there is a huge difference between the fact that the oil & gas industry can and will make money finding smaller conventional fields and developing resource plays versus making a material difference in total energy supplies. Having said all of that, I think that the future of the domestic natural gas industry is brighter than most of us thought just a couple of years ago.

Westexas:

One question which I have is about so-called natural gas liquids. It seems to me that the unconventional gas sources, such as coal bed or shale gas, would not include the heavier hydrocarbons, such as propane and butane, which might be included with gas taken from the caps on oil fields or separated from oil itself. As the U.S. produces more of the unconventional gas to offset the declining conventional sources, wouldn't that imply less production of these components? Aren't we then facing a shortage of propane, which is widely used for heat, especially in agricultural drying operations and rural home heating?

E. Swanson

I think that Khebab noted that NGL's have been showing a declining BTU value for a while, which is probably a reflection of the declining contribution from associated gas from oil fields.

That is a very valid point. What does that mean for plastics like polypropylene? I do know that cracking heavy crude gives you a big mess of undersaturated shorter chain hydrocarbons.

Costs are escalating. I'm adding here a recent post from DownSouth:

Yes, and this gets reflected in the financials of those operators that are heavily committed to the exploitation of these shale plays.
Take Chesapeake Energy, for instance. Direct from its own financial statements, look what is happening to costs:
Investment in
Quarter Oper. Costs Property & Equipment
(per MCF) (per MCF produced during qtr)
Q2-2003 $2.27 $58.86
Q2-2004 2.60 63.54
Q2-2005 3.11 120.80
Q2-2006 3.90 116.52
Q2-2007 4.50 154.00
Q2-2008 4.73 142.71

In the last five years, production costs per MCF have increased by 208% while the amount of investment required to produce an equivalent amount of gas is up even more, by 242%. Gas prices, however, have increased only 142%, from $5.64 in Q2-2003 to the current $8.11.
If some pretty hefty increases in the price of natural gas are not in the offing, I would question the continued economic viability of these resource plays.

Also, there is the net energy aspect. It takes a lot more energy to put swarms of smaller wells on line to offset a smaller number of high volume wells.

BTW, if we use a six to one conversion factor for gas to oil, to get barrels of oil equivalent (BOE), which is accurate for BTU content but not price, some historical perspective for Texas oil & gas production, in terms of BOE (RRC data, assuming the annual data are reasonably accurate):

1972: 7.83 mbpd

2006: 3.69
2007: 3.86

This illustrates my point about the difference between making money and making a material long term difference in total energy supplies, especially on a net energy basis.

Q2-2003 $2.27 $58.86
Q2-2008 4.73 142.71

In the last five years, production costs per MCF have increased by 208%

Just to help keep the discussion clear: going from $2.27 to $4.73 means costs have increased by 108% or to 208%. Compare to "increased by 10%".

I stand corrected.

Thanks, Pitt the Elder.

No worries - it's an easy enough mixup to make. I just wanted to clarify. :)

New all time production high in 2007 and we could set another record in 2008. But the problem with Haynesville (and other shale plays) is a high producing horizontal well depletes 65% in first year.

So this 'good news' may actually be bad news in the sense that we ignore the forest through the trees and once conventional and Barnett accelerate decline and then Haynesville joins in decline, that decline will be steep - and the move to diversify away from nat gas (e.g. wind) won't have happened.

Haynesville is not good news for scaling of domestic wind...

You voiced my fear.

We need Khebab and WebHubble's help here, but it is my understanding that the peak hight and width are controlled by how fast you can drain the reservoirs. If you can drain them very fast, you get a tall narrow peak. And if you are restricted to draining them slowly you get a low wide peak. (basically what we saw with Prudhoe bay where the oil pipeline kept the flow rates low, vs Cantarell where nitrogen injection kept flow rates high). A popping balloon curve shape would be lethal.

I just hope costs creep slowly upwards. Slow enough they don't destroy the economy. Fast enough that people can be convinced to take some action.

The other issue that worries me is that the nat gas sector is consuming ever larger quantities of steel. And that is going to compete directly with building wind turbines.

But on a whole, if any fossil fuel is going to be found in greater abundance, I would much rather it be natural gas than oil or coal. Natural gas has the lowest carbon footprint, and it does not discourage peak oil preparation. Keep up the good work Texans!

To repeat what I stated in a previous post with my very limited understanding of natural gas production:

The production rate of a conventional gas well is like emptying an air mattress. The flow rate is high at the beginning but a good flow rate can be maintained by a few manipulations.

An unconventional natural gas well is like a fart.

HTH ;-)

[...]and the move to diversify away from nat gas (e.g. wind) won't have happened.

Wind power is currently built under the assumption of natural gas providing most of the power and the wind turbines providing a bit of power when they can. Wind power in its current form should be seen as a slightly more efficient way to burn natural gas, not as a way to reduce gas dependency.

If you actually want to divest from natural gas build grid energy storage and wring out a little extra hydropower from less than ideal locations.

and given the declines curves from shale gas wells

I heard quite a bit about shale gas lately. It seems to me that there is great concern about the decline curves. That's why I added a little more emphasis to your caveat. :p

Decline rate for the average shale gas play is about 95% within 4 years.
From Barron's Inverview with Eric Sprott: "Fracturing techniques and horizontal drilling have caused things to pick up. But with these new discoveries, the first year's production is quite flash, but then there is a very sharp decline. IN THE FOURTH YEAR OUT PRODUCTION IS PROBABLY 5% OF THE FIRST YEAR'S OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT.

http://webreprints.djreprints.com/2012610711858.pdf

As Memmel has said recently:

Given the decline of the Barrnet Shale and the fact that the more of this we bring online the more we have to drill it will be impossible to keep up and the tighter the rig market gets the higher the cost of drilling.
In short these guys are looking at a exponential increase in cost going forward to even keep production levels the same. Throw in a dash of EROI and ...
Next of course we will continue to have production declines in traditional plays.
My opinion is that in time the shale plays will behave pretty much like the tar sands they will be a produced at a fraction of the overall reserve levels. We can and will continue to produce them for value add production like Ammonia synthesis for a long time.

I find the two oposing viewpoints by two different industry spokerspersons interesting:

"It's almost divine intervention," said Aubrey McClendon, chairman and chief executive of Chesapeake Energy, a major natural gas producer in the United States. "Right at the time oil prices are skyrocketing, we're struggling with the economy, we're concerned about global warming, and national security threats remain intense. We wake up and we've got this abundance of natural gas around us."

and

"Its hard for me to believe we will have more domestic gas production in six years than we have now," said Chip Johnson, president and chief executive of Carrizo Oil and Gas, a Houston company involved in several of the shale fields.

Aubrey is talking his position - if he actually gets approval for LNG export facilities, our gas futures strip will bump up 20%+ to a new higher price deck.

Nate, LNG export from America? Do I understand this correctly?

Test.