175 comments on The Impact of the Credit Crunch on Energy Markets
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Today I read an article blaming Bill Clinton for the sub prime mess. The article is behind a pay wall, but basically Clinton wanted to increase home ownership amongst poor Americans, especially minorities. To do his banks were bullied and arm twisted in to in to lending in poor areas. they were given rating systems depending on how much they lent in said areas, without which they would be severely restricted. To do this they had to abandon normal rules of credit worthiness, with the eventual results we see around us.
It's called 'Equal Opportunities Lending'.
A brief but excellent history of this disaster can be found here:
The Long Road to Slack Lending Standards
http://www.realclearmarkets.com/articles/2008/10/the_long_road_to_slack_...
Steve Sailer (movie critic at the American Conservative) has also written a penetrating analysis of the 'affirmative action' dimension of the sub-prime crisis:
Karl Rove—Architect Of The Minority Mortgage Meltdown
http://www.vdare.com/sailer/080928_rove.htm
i loaned money to my fat lazy brother in law so he could get a car to drive to work. well, he never got a job or even looked for a job and he was lying about how much he was going to make too, he ended up sleeping in the car. in short, this turned out to be a sub-prime loan, a non performing asset and as a result, i dont have the liquidity i need to buy anything else. where is my bailout ?
A close friend of mine had a story to share that is right in this ballpark. His aunt loaned money to a flaky inlaw. When she was asked why she said she loaned just enough that he would never come back asking for more. To little they come back- too much it hurts you.
something to think about.
The article you read has its roots in the fever swamps of the right wing -- Freerepublic.com, Cato Institute, National Review, etc. -- and like most right-wing arguments, is "truthiness" incarnate. In other words, it sounds logical, but isn't true at all.
The argument goes that the subprime crisis was a result of the combination of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) forcing banks to make loans to minority and poor borrowers and that the GSEs (Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae) accelerated this phenomenon by buying up the toxic mortgages and encouraging more to be made.
Some facts that chew holes in that arguement ...
The real root of the subprime/credit crisis is the deregulation championed by Sen. Phil Gramm, who later became a banking lobbyist (surprise!) and is now an on-again, off-again economic advisor to John McCain. If McCain wins the election, Gramm is the odds-on favorite to become the next Secretary of the Treasury.
So why was CRA created anyway? It was in response to both intentional redlining and structural barriers to credit for low-income communities. CRA applies only to banks and thrifts that are federally insured; it's conceived as a quid pro quo for that privilege, among others. This means the law doesn't apply to independent mortgage companies (or payday lenders, check-cashers, etc.)
The law imposes an affirmative duty to lend throughout the areas from which banks and thrifts take deposits, including poor neighborhoods.
You can argue that the CRA did introduce more risk for people who were happy with the existing system. Just as giving poor folks political rights was “risky” for the existing power structure. What the CRA did more than anything was force financial institutions to take on the risks that had been created by their exclusionary practices.
No one put a gun to the banks' heads. If making loans in those areas was too "risky," they could simply stop taking deposits in those areas and close up that branch. Apparently the banks thought that the plus of the deposits more than outweighed the minus of making loans to people they considered riff-raff.
As for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, their problems were rooted in their private sector managers engaging in the same kinds of questionable business practices that managers have made at other big-name financial institutions thta didn't an implied Federal guarantee. That's why there are lot of lenders and banks going bust lately, not just Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
This has little to do with the current price of energy, so I'm sorry to go on about this. But right-wing propaganda has to be answered with facts, or you end up with weirdness like the Congress passing an $850 billion bank bailout bill that doesn't even address the real problem. But that's another rant.
On the other hand, the longer the credit crisis goes on, the more likely that it could affect future energy prices.
To go back to the article the instigator was one Roberta Achtenberg, who in cahoots with the then Attorney General, Janet Rino brought all kinds of lawsuits against mortgage banks under the Civil Rights act,even on the grounds that the term master bedroom had slavery connotations.
The clinton team made changes to the Community Reinvestment Act which stated that without a good rating they could not get approval for mergers, expansion or opening new branches.
The effect was that banks were forced to forget their normal criteria for lending. This took years to unwind but when it did.
Go back and read the bullets in my previous comment (the one you're replying to). You may be quoting an article, but the article simply has it wrong in the cause and effects of the credit crisis.
You are repeating right-wing memes (I saw John Sununu repeating these very same talking points) that aren't helpful. Only by dealing with the credit crisis in a reality-based manner can we hope to get through this problem.
It may be too late -- we may not be able to avoid a severe recession and deflation even if we do everything right. But our odds improve if we don't let ourselves get distracted by fallacious fairy tales.
Reality is a good thing. Some might think the provisions of the 1995 CRA revisions did indeed contribute to loss of objectivity in fiscal standards for lending.
"The performance criteria for lending test are:
1. Lending activity: including the number and amount of loans in the bank’s assessment
area.
2. Geographic distribution: including the proportion of loans in the assessment area and
distribution of loans in low-, moderate-, middle- and upper-income38 geographies in
the assessment area.
3. Borrower characteristics: including the proportion of loans across low-, moderate-,
middle- and upper-income borrowers in the assessment area, and the number and
amount of loans to small business and small farm.
4. Community development (CD) lending: including the number and amount of
community development loans and their complexity and innovativeness. Lenders can
elect to have their regulators consider CRA-qualified community development
lending by their affiliates under certain guidance. This guidance in terms of types of
CD lending that are qualified, data that needs to be collected, maintained and reported
and other restrictions on the affiliate lending are discussed later in this section under
‘Data Collection and Reporting Requirement’.
5. Use of innovative or flexible lending practices: including use of innovative or flexible
lending practices to address credit needs of LMI borrowers and neighborhoods."
Then there is the 1999 update as well:
"The FMA also known as Gramm-Leach-Bliley
Act (GLBA) is one of the most sweeping financial modernization acts in recent years. The act
repeals sections 20 and 32 of the Banking Act of 193362 that restricted depository institutions’
affiliation with securities firms. This act also modifies the Bank Holding Company Acts of 1956
and 1970 and creates a new "financial holding company" that would be able to engage in a list of
statutorily provided financial activities, including insurance, securities underwriting, agency
activities, merchant banking and insurance company portfolio investment activities."
And some key ramifications:
"The act requires that Federal Reserve may not permit a company to form a financial
holding company if any of its subsidiary banks or S&Ls did not receive at least a satisfactory
rating in its most recent CRA exam. A bank or financial holding company may not commence
new activities authorized under the Gramm-Leach Act if any bank or bank affiliates of a
financial holding company, received less than satisfactory rating at its most recent CRA exam."
And some observations:
“Successful lower-income residential lending programs often rely upon techniques
and procedures that require local presence and flexible decision making. These might include the
use of flexible underwriting standards, nontraditional measures of credit quality, a variety of
credit enhancements, or intensive monitoring of outstanding loans that all depend upon
knowledge local neighborhoods, and economic conditions and credit risk factors specific to the
local community [Haag 2000].”
A review in 2004 noted significant changes in the lending industry, and that house prices had rising "significantly higher" in CRA neighborhoods, which at that late date was still apparently a good thing.
CRA was amended many times, and as with most regulations it appeared to grow it's own unique oversight approach which increasingly favored bulk lending and loan repurchases, and less the combined local bank branch and lending institution that was originally envisioned. I'd say that over the course of several decades everybody had a hand in this, and when you combine a left desire for social engineering with the right favor of big-business you have a recipe for fleecing everybody.
"You are repeating right-wing memes..."
clinton hasnt been president for nearly 8 yrs and we are still hearing that he is to blame for everything from teen pregnacy to wmd's. clinton was, imo, a mediocre president - a lot better than the current one.