219 comments on Why are oil (and gasoline) prices so low?
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219 comments on Why are oil (and gasoline) prices so low?
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GAIA Host Collective
In response the question in the title:
Heck if I know.
Here's what I do know: It's a suicidal response.
It cements Peak Oil by putting a halt to additional drilling programs.
It kills alternative energy program developments.
We're moving from the slide to the cliff and this accelerates the progression.
The most surprising thing to me (but probably not to The Automatic Earth folks) about the credit meltdown is the extent of the collateral damage to the food & energy producers. So, not only does this have negative implications for future energy supplies, it's also a big negative for food supplies.
In any case, based on the HL models, Saudi Arabia is about 60% depleted, Russia (at least their mature basins) is about 80% depleted, and Norway is about 70% depleted. These three countries accounted for more than 40% of total world net oil exports in 2005. Saudi Arabia is going to show three straight years of annual production below their 2005 rate, Russia has resumed its production decline, and Norway is in long term decline.
Tell me about it. My dad and two brothers are oil men. I'm a farmer/rancher.
I'm sitting on a silo full of corn and a tapped out credit limit at the local bank. Do I sell the corn for more than it will cost me to replace it so I can plant more, or do I sit and wait for people to get hungry enough to allow me a profit on the work I have already done?
My dad/brothers have leases for natural gas projects now in moth balls.
They're preparing to drill a few potential oil wells, but I'd say this is just momentum at work--they had already been planned and initiated before the price collapse. The leases were expensive, acquiring a drilling rig and the necessary pipe and casing was also difficult and expensive.
Being Austin Chalk type wells he's drilling, potential production comes in a flurry and goes away quickly.
$145 oil was too high, too fast. $70 oil works for existing production but not so well for new hard to find and expensive future development. Existing production as we all know is in decline.
Hell, buying existing 3-D seismic studies run $40,000 a square mile in these parts.
In situations like this, the "winners" are those who lose the least. Look at the bright side. You and your family could be in the auto, housing or finance business.
In regard to my little corner of the oil patch, I'm doing the same thing that I was doing at $140 oil and at $20 oil, looking for small, but commercial overlooked conventional oil fields.
YOU CAN LISTEN TO A PODCAST (mp3 file) OF THE ABOVE POSTING BY GAIL THE ACTUARY AT THIS LINK:
http://rapidshare.com/files/156479234/TOD-gta-oct2308.mp3.html
Here's a big factor; coordinated interest rate cuts have reduced the profitability of the Yen (and Dollar) carry trades, where investors borrow @ the low rate in Japan and invest the funds in other countries with higher yields. The across the board reductions in interest rates are having a strong effect world wide on commodities:
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a1ZBc6K1VKxI
Here's another take from the Japanese viewpoint:
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aXoln3JUe0Bg
Carry trades tend to cancel the benefits of accomodative policies as they encourage investment outside the countries that initiate the policies in the first place.
DUH!!!
Thanks! This probably explains part of the change in currency valuations.
I don't watch currencies in general. I watch the Yen-Dollar exchange rate. I've been puzzled by recent stories about the dollar going up in value, because it is definitely going down against the Yen.
I've also been puzzled by the reaction of gold & oil. It seems to me the dollar is dropping in absolute terms, just not as fast as Euro. It is notoriously difficult (impossible, really) to put an absolute value on a fiat currency. The closest thing is probably to use gold & oil. What I thought should have happened is that gold & oil stay relatively flat against the Yen, go up a bit against the dollar, and go up a lot against most other currencies.
That hasn't occurred. Since (like most people) I'm convinced I know more than the market when it comes to prices of things, it has led to some bad trades and a lot of cursing at the irrationality of the market (rational==agrees with me; irrational==does not agree with me).
There has been quite a bit of discussion about an apparent disconnect between "paper gold" prices and prices of real gold, if you can find it. The real gold is about double the price of the paper gold. See this CNBC Video showing Jurg Kiener, CEO of Swiss Asia Capital. He tells CNBC's Maura Fogarty & Rebecca Meehan that if the paper market collapses, gold prices may double very quickly.
<sarcanol> Don't worry about evil, wicked profit. If food keeps going up, there will be price controls after the election. People prefer shortages to earning and paying for what they consume. </sarcanol>
Well then, shortages they'll get.
Like I said, suicidal behavior.
Plant a green fertilizer like alfalfa.
Like Westexas, I was genuinely surprised by the collateral damage in food and energy. It isn't that I wouldn't have anticipated declines, but I wouldn't have thought them to respond so quickly - in fact, I have the sneaking suspicion, at least with food, that the declines in price are a little over rapid, and that we won't see more volatile price changes.
Biofuels will obviously be the big factor in food prices in the coming years - best hopes for the end of the ethanol boom.
Sharon
Sharon, I don't understand your statement ". . . we won't see more volatile price changes."
The recent decline in food prices is not unusual in the history of agricultural markets. Food markets tend to be highly volatile because of demand inelasticity, time lags, and variable weather, to name a few reasons. Financial crises, I think, tend to increase volatility of food prices. Current financial (and eventually economic) crises seem to me to set the stage for a further increase volatility rather than the reverse.
I'm not an expert on food prices, but I have studied--and taught--economic history, and the price volatility of agricultural products is notorious.
Over the long-term, food prices will rise as oil prices rise. But along with the long-term trend I think increasing volatility is likely, both in oil prices and food prices.
By the way, I very much enjoy reading your posts and comments.
Could a drop in demand from restaurants be part of the drop in price for food commodities? No job means no lunch break at McDonalds. No job means no payday dinner at the local steak house.
Undoubtedly you are correct that decreased buying of food by restaurants has contributed somewhat to the decrease in demand for certain foods, but it hasn't had a major impact on the prices of wheat or corn or soybeans. Why not? Because people have not cut back on eating: Rather what they have cut back is their spending on food by eating less frequently at restaurants. I like eating at some restaurants and I hate waiting in line for a table. A couple of years ago, waiting lines were common. I haven't had to wait for a table for the past year and a half.
I have talked to one TOD reader who sells high-end lettuces to restaurants. He said he has decided to discontinue this, because there is less demand for this kind of thing. I presume he will switch to growing something that grocery stores would be likely to sell.
I was not surprised by a drop in a oil prices brought about by the financial crisis, nor by the financial crisis itself -- many, many people saw that coming. But I was surprised by the extent of the drop. In that respect,
8. Increased volatility when supplies are very tight.
is the most relevant point, the whale oil anecdote most interesting. If the tendency is for production to follow a bell curve, and demand to follow an undulating curve, well, somewhat sawtooth like, overlaid on the production curve, then price is apparently A*gap + B. What's surprising is how big a multiplier A is.
Not only is the market totally irrational (blind is perhaps more accurate) in the long term pricing of finite resources, it is totally irrational even in the very short term pricing.
One of the several things gov't should be doing is taxing the gap to smooth the price curve and assure that it goes only up, fast enough to reflect depletion, both to gather revenues for the necessary restructuring and to send the right message about the need to restructure.
Edit: I will be very surprised if the low oil prices lasts even a year, given all the countervailing forces.
Yes. The volatility is really something. If I were working in the oil and gas industry, I wouldn't know how to plan. If people are buying oil futures on margin, they are really getting slammed (unless they are short). One wonders what secondary fall-out there will be, from the volatility alone.
In the absence of any certainty about the future price of oil, you would tend to delay starting any project that needed, say, $80+ oil to turn a profit. Which is what, most of the new projects?
Fewer participants in the market, leading to even more volatility. At some point, the market is pricing itself; the effect of the markets' lack of stability rather than the worth of the participants' products. I suppose a lot of liquid players in energy are waiting for a trend with money in their pockets.
Since trades in one market are often hedges against trades in another, the imbalances wrought by negative real interest rates on one hand and the unpredicability of risks on the other spills from interbank lending or currency exchange into commodities, for example. A few months ago the trade 'Du Jour' was short financial stocks and long commodity indexes. Hedge funds poured billions into that trade. Then .. the Chinese post- olympic surge failed to take place. There was a short-covering rally in bank stocks. Hedge funds started getting redemption demands and that particular trade collapsed.
This is a stupendously wicked market. Everyone is getting killed, the best place to be is on the sidelines.
cowboy,
The oil patch hasn't slowed up too much yet from the drop in oil prices. Companies don't adjust their pricing forecast based upon short term swings in prices. Even when prices hit $147 most operators were using $70 -80/bbl in their forecast. And even then many dropped prices around 10% for years 2 and 3 with a minor inflation rate afterwards. We tend to use a yearly average price in running our economics. I would suspect most companies have dropped their price some lately. A few, like my client, are considering slowing up drilling activity some but even with that we'll still be running at record levels. Truthfully, a little slow up wouldn’t hurt. It might help drop rig and steel rates some. These factors have started cutting into the bottom line pretty good the last 6 months.
Now if prices stay down here through the winter that would be a different matter. But as far as a significant slowdown in drill I would attribute much of that to the credit crisis more so then oil pricing.
Rockman,
I have a little bit different observations from my side of the oil patch. I am the finacial analyst (aka moneyman) for the exploration dept. of a mid-sized permian basin player. We are definately cutting way back on what we will drill next year. The slowdowns haven't happened yet... we are still drilling wells that were approved earlier this year, but as soon as is feasible, we will be releasing rigs not under contract and our drilling pace will drop by over 50%.
I appreciate your on-the-ground feedback. This is the way we see what is really going on.
This is where it gets scary.. if a large amount of small scale workover/step out drilling is postponed or cancelled over the next couple of years, that will show up as a significant decline a couple of years out.
see www.binaryseismoem.weebly.com
We have to take into consideration technological progress.
It reduces AE program development, at least. Back when oil was still $20/bbl, we still had AE programs and AE was still growing, albeit at a lesser rate.