108 comments on Peak Oil, Sustainability and the Problem of Freedom
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108 comments on Peak Oil, Sustainability and the Problem of Freedom
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“This order [i.e. capitalism] is now bound to the technical and economic conditions of machine production which today determine the lives of all the individuals who are born into this mechanism, not only those directly concerned with the economic acquisition, with irresistible force. Perhaps it will so determine them until the last ton of fossilized coal is burnt.”
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Freedom is related to control. And it could be argued that how much individual 'control' we have overall is a function of resources per capita. It would stand to reason that as resources per capita decline there will be fewer individual freedoms. However..
Like everything, I think freedom (to act, think, express, etc.) is related to the 'feelings' it engenders in our brains. A seminal experiment on 'control' was by Lundberg and Frankenhaeuser (1980) "Pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal correlates of distress and effort" Journal of Psychosomatic Research volume 24, pages 125-130. To paraphrase, the researchers had subjects hit colored buttons that matched colored lights that would flash with increasing speed during the experiment and flashing about as fast as the subjects could follow near the end. Then a similar test was undertaken where the same subjects would match the same colored buttons to the flashing lights - the only difference being they had control of a dial that would increase the speed of the flashing lights. In this second experiment (controlled individually not by the experimenter), the speed of the flashing lights was as fast or faster than the first experiment.
Before and after blood tests and interviews of the subjects were taken for both experiments. The typical response after the first test was 'that was one of the hardest things I've ever done', and indeed the ratio of cortisol (a stress hormone) to norepinephrine in the blood was high. In the test where subjects had individual control, a typical response was 'that was fun! I enjoyed the challenge!' etc. Blood tests showed the inverse as well - cortisol was much less pronounced. There are similar and follow up tests in the physiological literature**, but the inference is that in IDENTICAL tasks, the difference in our brains response (with pleasurable or stressful sensations) depended on our ability to exert individual control over our circumstances.
To me this is an important finding, and one instructive in structuring post peak institutions and behaviors. As long as people feel they have control of their circumstances, I think they (we) could endure a great deal more hardships than if we feel control is out of our hands. Irrespective of declines in resources/capita, assuming basic needs are met, we might be able to 'trick' our wiring into responses that are less stressful as long as we feel ownership in what's happening. Food for thought.
Thanks for the essay Kurt.
**Here is another reference: "Biological Basis of the Stress Response" by James P. Henry, Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, January-March, 1992, volume 27, Number 1, pages 66-83.
p.s. John Nash has admitted in interviews that he was crazy when he formulated game theory /Nash equilibriums....nice to know such equilibriums underpin much of modern economics... Neither humans (nor animals) use math to 'decide', we use heuristics (Gigerenzer)
Great essay and addresses the center of the storm....how to move society. We will not survive as a civilization or perhaps even as a species if we don't submit to controls on our consumption and population. As you point out Nate society may submit to controls and legislation if people feel they still have control of the situation. Maybe it is a question of what needs to happen that submitting to controls is exactly the best option for people to feel they are still maximizing their control of the situation. Today we cannot imagine society making concessions on their freedoms because we are still being held in the current paradigm. But the day will come when our economic and environmental integrity will suffer the consequences which will shift societies concept of freedom and what they will see as the best option to maintain control. At some point this will mean giving up on freedoms for the greater good in regards to consumption and reproduction. But we need the catalyst of consequences to allow this shift in society to occur. We are in the paradoxical position of requiring destabilizing events to bring about a cultural change which will stabilize our long term survivability.
Very interesting. Makes sense, and (to me) seems to argue for a movement towards localism, and away from so much state intervention in our lives. We may have to work harder, but may see our efforts more directly rewarded, and therefore have the satisfaction of greater control.
When you say Nash admitted he was crazy, you're not saying he now repudiates that work?
It seems intuitive that with only incomplete information, we necessarily use heuristics, but some people surely view their information as sufficiently complete to employ mathematical methods (unconscious or not and valid or not).
Thanks Nate. I find your contributions going to the source of our being and 'who we are and what we could be'
andbytes wrote:
"We may have to work harder, but may see our efforts more directly rewarded, and therefore have the satisfaction of greater control."
All my life I have endeavoured to have creative control in my work life. In fact, my work has been an extension of my heart. This has given me (and still gives me) a rich, satisfying life. I have worked hard, but when I sit and reflect, or sleep, it is with peace. What else is more important in life????
The statement that "we tried rational self-interest and it didn't work" isn't correct. The social-economic system set up centuries ago is so full of positive feedbacks, caused by fractional-reserve banking, that it is bound to oscillate and produce inequality. A free and fair society must minimize time delays between cause and effect, a point was made by the 'Limits to Growth' authors.
I propose:
The real freedom would come when such a system is given a real chance.
Do we have a dilemma here? On the one hand if we use humankind's innate heuristics we will flounder in the Nash equilibrium, consuming all available resources according to the greedy algorithm(*)
Alternatively, we can actually try to understand the math and potentially get us out of our predicament? But you say that we don't use math, so we are doomed.
A better way to think about this is the totality of he masses will always use heuristics, but a group of policy-makers applying an understanding to the problem at hand will at least give us a chance to analyze our way out of the problem. As long as they are unbiased and remain objective as to what is the best plan forward.
(*) greedy algorithm -- the name of a CompSci meta-heuristic used to solve computational problems more efficiently. It basically grabs the maximum allowable amount at each iteration.
I have what might be a some what unique situation within this TOD tribe/community.
I have a regular group of a dozen or so high school aged people hanging around the house on a regular basis, (they actually like hearing me spout off). Then I have a steady stream of 10 – 13 year olds plugged into the mix and many of them are holding their own on these topics but are understandably flighty. On top of that we include a group of 75 to 95 (yes 95) year olds in our gatherings as support for our neighborhood. They have some interesting in put too..
There is no common ground. The common ground is “you can’t possibly understand”.
I am ripped apart trying to mediate these cross gatherings when I attempt to inject real issues like resource constraints, American Imperialization, or Climate change. I am considered a total whack job and inevitably become the focal point of everyone denialist rhetoric.
You might be thinking WTF just quit.
I actually like this position.
The power is intoxicating.
I am the only “sane” one in the room, what ever that means.
If only I could take the next step and CA$H in on this dynamic.
Then I would truly become an AMERICAN.
Tell the youngsters that this is just like the TV show "Numb3rs".
We are all working on a whodunnit ... just that the stakes are higher.
After awhile it will turn into the show "CSI", and we will be doing forensics and an autopsy.
That's really the american way.