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Mark my words: This is not the peak. It is a good sneak preview of what the peak will be like, though. That is the essay I am working on now.
RR
Extrapolate to post-Peak Oil (all types), not pretty.
That's really the important message here. I believe prices will come back down, but in the long run, escalating prices are going to be the reality. It would be nice if we could convince politicians to start preparing for that day now. My fear is that oil prices will come back down, and this is all forgotten about by the politicians until prices go up again and never come back down. I just hope that time isn't already upon us, but I don't believe it is.
RR
i) by come back down, are you talking about $55, or more like $40?
ii) When you say you suspect oil prices will come back down, are you suggesting supply will outpace demand growth, or that high price will surpress demand long enough for a temporary respite, both, or other?
iii) and for the sake of discussion, i'd be interested in your take on distant month, say Dec 2012 prices. If the front month contract falls, what will happen to the distant contracts, already pushing $70?
I don't think oil will correct down to $40, but I think it will come back off of $75. There is a bit of a bubble there, in my opinion. You have people throwing money at oil who really don't know the first thing about the market, except "Peak Oil is here and it's going to $200." I have to say, though, that market psychology is a hard thing to pin down. I was calling for a top in tech stocks a good 20% before the top. I know people that were wiped out by shorting too soon. The thinking was correct, but the timing was too early. I guess I wouldn't be stunned to see oil run up further, but I don't believe the market fundamentals support the move. You also have to be careful of motives. If I have a billion dollars invested in oil futures, it is in my financial best interest to create as much panic as possible. Some people are sincere, and some have financial motives.
I think there will be some demand destruction at these prices. I think the leadership in Iran will continue to say provocative things every time the price starts to dip, because they are making a lot of money because of the fear they are generating. I think some new projects are going to be completed to bring more supplies online, and more refineries are going to finish up projects to process heavy crudes. The two refineries still down in the gulf will come back online, and they will start pulling the crude they need to run their refineries.
I think the distant contracts will come down as well, but I think by the time we get to 2012, oil will be back above where it is now - and maybe way above where it is now. The supply/demand situation is going to remain tight due to growth in China and India. To me, that is the real story right now, which is giving us a very realistic preview of what the beginning of Peak Oil will look like.
Like I said, I have an essay that I am working on. I am also trying to finish up an article on Peak Oil for Omninerd.com. I am writing that article from a completely objective view point (here is what the optimistics believe, and here is what the pessimists believe). I need to finish that first, and then I will work on this "Sneak Preview" essay. I also better work in some time for wife and kids, because I have been glued to the computer a lot lately. :)
RR
Right on with the right on! I think you are spot on. We are going to see, starting about 2009 an up tick in production, modest, that will continue for a bit and the energy equation will be rearranged (tar sands, coal, etc.). All these blocks will be rearranged.
The wild cards will be war and GHGs and what we do about them. Will the MSM talk about the latter only on Earth Day?
There are reports that Iran has agreed to have uranium enrichment performed for it on Russian territory. If it is correct that there is a $10 -$15 fear premium in the price then this development may take us back to $60 a bbl but it may not correct the short term problems of petrol availability. Imagine the screams in that case: oil goes down yet a gallon of gas stays high.
The provocative Iranian comments are targeted at building support with Shia youth throughout the middle east. These would be Iranian foot soldiers if a conflict occurred. This strategy is working and is creating concern for internal unrest in other countries with Shia minorities.
I don't think that the OPEC nations will look kindly on a price drop. At some point they have to ask: why are we selling our single non-renewable asset at a price that helps the west when we could sell the same asset at a price that better benefits us? Two facts support this view. The first is that there was no apparent negative impact on the consuming economies from the recent high prices. The second is that the high prices have resulted in a flood of money and there is a lack of secure investment outlets for this money given the questions raised over stability of the US dollar.
If the price does correct, I would expect an OPEC decision to curtail production.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20060422/wl_nm/nuclear_iran_dc_43
NO RUSSIAN DEAL
In Moscow, a senior Iranian diplomat played down a radio report that Tehran had a "basic agreement" with Moscow to enrich uranium in Russia and said no new deal had been struck.
Earlier on Saturday Iranian state radio had quoted Iran's ambassador to the IAEA Ali-Asghar Soltanieh as saying only a few technical, legal and financial issues must be ironed out on a joint enrichment project with Russia.
But speaking to Reuters in Moscow, where Iranian officials have held talks with Russian and European counterparts on the nuclear issue, Soltanieh said there had been no new progress on the enrichment talks.
"Of course with the initiative of our Russian friends there have been some discussions with our European friends, but that is all I can say at this stage," he said. "There is no new agreement. This is the principle agreement we have had before."
Russia has offered to enrich uranium for Iran to allay concerns that Tehran could use domestically produced enriched uranium to make nuclear bombs.
But progress on the deal has been hindered by Iran's refusal to bow to international demands that it halt all home-grown enrichment work.
A "basic agreement" on enrichment with Russia was previously announced by Iran in February but talks subsequently appeared to stall.
Soltanieh reiterated Iran's position that its case did not merit Security Council involvement.
"We are appealing to the international community not (to) let this go along the avenue to confrontation," he told Reuters.
"I advise that, rather than deteriorating the situation, let's find a ways and a means to let the IAEA do its own job and (for) Iran (to) continue its cooperation," he said.
The amount of oil (in the sense of liquid fossil fuels in today's infrastructure) in terms of energy provided/availability for non-oil producers will essentially be in decline from this point, and will never increase, regardless of the effort thrown into it. In fact, this effort will mark one of the major drivers of the downward trend - more energy used for less energy returned is a pithy way to look at my personal understanding of peak.
Notice, this does not include facts in the rigorous sense of projects coming on-line, depletion rates, or future developments (would humanity be stupid enough to keep using fossil fuels after clear evidence of climate change - are we smarter than yeast?).
It does include various disparate elements in a wide view - increasing geostrategic positioning, leading to a decrease in oil available for other uses, for example, or a focus on increased infrastructure being built to keep up with inevitable production declines. Or a mad scramble to keep oil flowing, regardless of the costs (look at the various jet fuel shortages in the U.S. and England to see how a shortage rapidly leads to inefficiencies like trucking jet fuel instead of using a pipeline). Or more ominously, end games involving destruction of oil facilities (see Nigeria, or Iraq).
This displacement means less oil available for what today is considered normal.
We are at peak, regardless of whether production moves up a touch, bumps along, or has started to inevitably slide down. Also regardless of how much fuel costs.
And no, I don't have anything backing it up but an opinion that from roughly this point, we go down the slope. We will never have as much energy available from oil as now, broadly enough defined ('now' is a few months, not a few years). Everything from this point will be a game of musical chairs, and though how long the music plays between chairs being taken away is open, all the players seem to have understood the basic rules.
Of course, if you read something from company sources about abiotic oil, or secret Nazi plans discovered in an attic, or that overlooked Soviet secret field with 68GB URR, then I guess my opinion was wrong.
And if we as a species are dumb enough to use climate change to take advantage of finally exploiting the fossil fuels around both Poles, then we deserve what happens to us.
I think the sense of infinite possibilities is most likely to be at peak, as there is nothing blocking our view in any direction.
Nothing like that. More of a survey of country by country reserves, projects to bring those reserves on line (including some that are in the pipeline and haven't been announced), projects that are timed to come online to meet demand at a specific planned time, pipeline and refinery expansion projects, a refinery by refinery analysis of where the crude supplies will come from, etc. That and some other stuff I have read leads me to believe that we will have a few more upward moves in production, but the potential for a peak within 10 years is still pretty good. It is just hard to see 10 years in the future.
However, my position shouldn't be regarded as suggesting we don't have to worry about anything yet. We certainly need to be taking steps NOW in preparation. As Stuart Staniford recently said, "Our positions may not be that far apart." Believe me, they are not. I take Peak Oil very seriously, and and I very interesting in knowing when it will take place.
RR
It really does not matter much which year will later be identified as "The" peak.
IMO, you're guestimate of depletion rates is too low, but I want to emphasize that in terms of what needs to be done, it matters diddly squat whether peak was last year--or will be in 2011.
Why does the exact peak matter? I can see that as an intellectual puzzle it is interesting question, but in terms of policy or our personal responses, what difference does it make? Any at all? Some? A very little bit?
You are correct, in that it won't matter much if peak is 3 years from now and people are calling for a peak this year. But if the peak is really 10 years away, and this is apparent in 3 years, we have some time to start preparing. But if we start warning people in 3 years, it is going to be hard to get their attention when they say "Didn't you call for a peak in 2006?" That's already happening to Deffeyes and Campbell. A lot of people have stopped taking them seriously.
RR
Good points!
However, I think we should not obsess on "The" peak (which in a post a couple months ago or more I pointed out was profoundly ambiguous) and instead focus on constructive responses, as both you and, for example, Alan do.
In other words, I do not like to see intellectual and emotional energy going into less important issues at the cost of very pressing practical issues.
For example, the question of whether biodiesel has much greater potential than ethanol (which you believe) is both urgent and important. You may be correct on this issue, you may not be correct--but clearly the development of alternative fuels from various sources is something we should focus on with great intensity. And what I have found is that when I focus on one problem at length (e.g. "When is the peak?"), then I have less time and motivation and urgency and resources to pursue other issues.
I'd say there is some danger from a pendulum swing, but on the other hand, this is the "repsonse" we wanted. Things are moving.
http://peakoildebunked.blogspot.com/2006/04/279-many-wrong-predictions-of-ken.html
The fact is that he has been lucky so far that 3 refineries were down in the first quarter and the Nigerian situation flared up, or his December prediction would already be toast.
RR
After that though, the numbers get worse and worse. Unless you're ready to bet the farm on Saudi promises.
I understand that non-geological factors are reducing production now, but this is in fact all a piece of the equation that I am considering. I agree that Nigeria made a big difference. As I have stated before, it is only because of the persistence and growth of these factors in the face of increasing decline numbers that I think we could be at peak. As a corollary, if all suddenly became blue sky, I'm sure we'd see a production rise for awhile. I'm not so persuaded that the refinery situation changed the production figures that much.
The IOCs have a horrid track record regarding peak around individual fields that have actually peaked. Why should global peak be better from them? Why should I now believe the same people who were wrong about the lower-48, the North Sea and other locations that turned out to have peaked and headed downward ever after?
Even if you really are relying on internal corporate documents, why should they be any more correct than Exxon's past mistakes which were clearly far too optimistic? Stuart did a bangup job showing how decline was wrecking ExxonMobil's planned increases in production over the last 6 years. Why should I believe they (or your company) are doing any better handling declines now?
In short, why should I believe your sources given the past history of the IOCs, which is arguably even worse than Campbell and Deffeyes?
Well, right now all we have is a bit of a plateau, that wouldn't even be a plateau if you added Nigeria and the GOM back in. We have even seen flat production for a solid year before it spiked up again.
I have made my case before. I don't think we are at peak, because there is oil available that is not being sold. There is shut-in production. There is a lot of heavy oil still available. Oil inventories are at 8 year highs, and until last week had been increasing week after week. These things are not indicative of a production peak. What I see is a recent plateau, and very good reasons that explain it.
What it will take to convince me that we peaked is a couple of years of clearly declining production. If you look at production graphs from previous years, we have seen a year on year production decline before. So far, we don't even have a single year of declining production in the current case.
RR
That is a key to my argument. A combination of factors explain the plateau. If not for those factors, production would have continued to grow, along with demand, and new production would continue to be brought online as needed. Producers miscalculated their economics, and certainly didn't foresee the geopolitical factors and the hurricane doing so much damage. So they don't have the production ready to go yet, to take advantage of prices. It will come online soon enough. You will see new production records set this year, barring severe demand destruction or war with Iran.
RR
I could add 3 or 4 additional things which could prevent new production records (any charismatic leader of a major oil producing economy dying in spectacular fashion, more hurricanes/typhoons/monsoons in production regions, any group of terrorists with global reach hitting major facilities - Chechens in Russia, for example, etc.). At this point, the knife edge has been reached - that is also a definition of peak. Everything has to work out perfectly to maintain balance. The planning has to essentially remove equally likely bad results, such as a depletion rate of 7%, not 5%? - the disclaimer 'previous results in oil production do predict future results' is likely more accurate than saying the past results have nothing to do with future results. This is what makes peak so fascinating - reality finally intrudes on all our dearly held concepts and beliefs.
Personally, this is what makes Carter so fascinating a figure to me - first, he attempted to convey a reality out of sync with the political system he was in, and then seeing that he was unable to change it, he turned his back on moral solutions and returned to a policy (guns for oil - Iraq War I was Carter's planning, not Bush's) which America had no problem following. I also suspect, he knew that his failure would lead to long tem disaster, which also tends to motivates his seemingly sincere Christian life. Sort of like Begin, post-Lebanon invasion - sometimes, leaders actually know they have failed morally. Luckily, American is currently in the hands of people who never make mistakes, least of all in their own eyes, so we don't have to worry about their atonement at all.
Then find the courage to defend it with intelligent tax and industrial policy. The drama of peak production is lessened. So is the economic impact.
I don't think a peak will ever be clearly imminent. I suspect Hirsch is right: we won't see it coming. We'll be years past peak before it's "very clear" that that was indeed the peak.
At first it looks like a temporary drop. Nothing to worry about; just labor problems, bad weather, technical difficulties. We'll be back on track next year. Only they aren't. Nor the next year, or the year after. Then they start to realize.
Even if the peak is this year, I don't expect it to be widely admitted until 2010 or later. For several years, we'll hope that new production will come online, political hotspots will calm, hurricane damage will be repaired. Until it becomes clear that even if it happens, it won't be enough to offset the declines of the aging giants.
To put it a touch differently - does Piper Alpha explode, or does a major pipeline break starve downstream facilities?
At peak, these questions become all important, since there is no way to replace the lost capacity at that point. The downhill slope is pretty much one way at that point.
This is apart from any question of depletion rates, likely higher than commonly believed - certainly, most known facts involving modern large oil field management/production currently available point to much more rapid fall off than a couple of percent.
I do understand the point about being too confident though - my definition is fuzzy enough to withstand any precise attack, most likely.
Peak means less from now on, and that is beginning to occur, in a number of no longer so subtle forms, in my opinion. This is what peak means to me - the excuses and beliefs now have to deal with reality, not merely other excuses or beliefs.
The Indonesians are now living in a peak world in terms of oil. The Italians live in a peak world now too, though in their case, it is NG, not oil, and they may be able to alleviate it in the future.
Peak is not something which will be the same for everyone everywhere, which also makes this discussion difficult.
But in my view, peak oil is now, not 5 or 10 years later.
I am certain, however, that however good your chief economist is, s/he does not know the facts in terms of decline rates & timing to expect with the world's greatest fields - why?- because no one does. For this reason, no matter how good their work, they don't have a read on 50% of the equation and it's pretty dangerous being certain right now.
A senior and highly respected British Intelligence analyst had retired after fifty years yeoman service and was attending his fortieth Eton reunion. His schoolmate asked him why he had been so successfull at MI5.
He answered "I was asked every peace time year of my career if the Germans would attack in the next twelve months. I always answered no and was wrong only twice. I was correct ninety six percent of the time and I clearly had a better record than anyone else so I always got promoted!"
IMO, oil prices are unlikely, without a sufficiently severe recesssion/depression in the short term, to fall back down again--because of a lack of sufficient net export capacity. I think that the current run up in prices is being primarily driven by a bidding war between importers scrambling for declining net exports.
Just look at the big four--Saudi Arabia and Russia on the exporting side (SAR) and the US and China on the importing side (USC). The big fields in all four countries are old. Consumption is increasing in all four countries. What SAR can, or will, export is almost certainly declining. What USC wants to import is increasing. In any case, note that if SAR were the sole source of imports for USC, it looks like they would be incapable of meeting the demand, and in fact it looks like USC may consume more imports than the net exports from the top four net oil exporting countries combined.
I agree with Alan that we are at or past Light, Sweet Peak. However, Heavy, Sour Peak may not be that far behind, with Cantarell declining at up to 40% per year.
2004 Top Net Oil Exporters:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/topworldtables1_2.html
04/19/2006
Fact Sheet: United States, China Pursuing Common Goals in Economic Relations
(Priority topic for April 20 meeting of President Bush, Chinese President Hu) (1260)
Excerpt:
Energy
China is the world's second-largest energy consumer after the United States, although per capita energy consumption is still only one-eighth that of the United States. China's energy consumption is expected to continue growing, with some experts predicting it will double by 2020.
Coal is China's main energy resource, and represents approximately 70% of its energy consumption.
China became a net importer of oil in 1993, after years of growth in consumption and stagnant production. In 2004, oil imports surged to 6.5 million barrels per day; that makes China the world's second largest petroleum consumer behind the U.S. (we use about 20 million barrels per day). The U.S. Energy Information Administration projects China's oil demand will reach 14.2 million bbl/d by 2025, with net imports of 10.9 million bbl/day. As China has grown more dependent on imported oil, its concerns over energy security and stability have become closely linked with those of the West
http://bucharest.usembassy.gov/Washington_File/300/eur310.html
http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/twip/twiparch/050511/twip051105b.gif
Something strange happened a couple months ago; Brent started to cost more than WTI; one or two dollars more. Brent didn't suddenly get lighter or sweeter. Could that reflect increased oil demand in Europe and the first bidding war? That preceded oil prices' break out of their recent trading range.
Nope, no peak here, move along, folks, nothing to see...
Mainly, I approve of any fearless prediction.
While this still feels like peak, I'm not sure yet. I do think, on a personal and private level, that it would be just plain funny if Ken Deffeyes called it exactly, and the peak was this past December.
But obviously it would be sad for the great masses, caught flat footed with their new SUV, staring peak oil in the teeth.