25 comments on Peak Oil Letter from Energy Minister
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25 comments on Peak Oil Letter from Energy Minister
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GAIA Host Collective
More exploration = increased average size of fields discovered.
I would be very interested to see the justification for this statement. I would have said that the opposite would be the case. With limited exploration the most likely fields to be discovered are the larger ones, which show up better as prospects after the seismic surveys, and are the obvious target for appraisal drilling. With more exploration one would expect the total number of fields found to be greater, but the size of the individual fields to be smaller.
The fact that there have been relatively few wildcats drilled in the middle east in recent years is not proof of lack of exploration. Few areas have not had some preliminary survey such as aerial magnetic surveys and in the more promising areas seismic surveys.
For oil to be found there need to be five geological features, the absence of any one of which will mean no oil. There needs to be:-
- A source rock which had massive organic deposits.
- This needs to be or have been in the right range of depths (and hence temperature) for sufficient time for the deposits to change into oil and not to go further and become natural gas.
- Porous reservoir rocks above the source rocks.
- Impervious cap rocks above the reservoir rocks.
- Trap formations that the oil can rise and collect in.
As Colin Campbell frequently points out this has occurred only rarely in time and place.Many of the advances in oil technology have been in enabling these conditions to be located without drilling. Many of the middle east areas that have not been drilled are so because they have been ruled out by other surveys.
It is a sobering realisation that there are till dry wildcats, in some places at greater frequency than before, despite these advances in survey technology. It is and indication of the desperate need to run ever faster just to stay still let alone increase production.
We need more surveys to find each of the remaining fields. The fields are becoming smaller. The quality of the oil is falling giving less net energy per barrel extracted and producing more carbon dioxide. We need at least as many wildcats as the small fields found are less clearly distinguishable. Wildcats are at least as often dry because in desperation poorer prospects are drilled. More resources are required to drill the wildcats and production facilities where successful as these are in more difficult locations. The price of the same type of facility is increasing massively are demands grows wildly and supply is limited. Skilled workers become impossible to find as demand increases and older workers die or retire and fewer young workers replace them. The political, environmental and social difficulties of new developments increase as the crucial importance of energy supplies and preventing climate change becomes more widely recognised.
All these factors are likely to get ever worse until we can no longer keep up.
To give you an idea of how deep the denial goes, the Texas State Geologist (a government employee) said at a public meeting, in response to a pointed question by me, that while "we may not be able to equal our peak production, we can substantially increase our production through the use of better technology." We have never, not once, shown year over year production increases since we peaked in 1972. So, 33 years after peak production, government talking heads were talking seriously about the possibility of getting back close to our peak production.
Similar steep declines following extensive application of EOR have been noted elsewhere, for example in Prudhoe Bay and Yibal (Yemen). Link to full thread: http://www.theoildrum.com/story/2006/5/10/103434/143