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Good Job! Matt Savinar's LATOC news & updates has an excellent article about energy requirements for purely comfort home A/C-- 18% of all electricity, as I recall. Future LNG requirements to chill us out are huge. My earlier post pointed out that heating a house by FF fire, appliance cast-off heat, or crowded body heat is much more efficient than trying to cool the same volume of living space.
The big question is if A/C becomes largely unaffordable postPeak- will people migrate or learn to sweat? Thus future LNG regasification and distribution pipelines may be best economically situated in locations for supporting colder climes. Jay Hanson and Kunstler predict that millions of Southerners & Southwesterners will hit the road north in response to PO & GW.
Bob Shaw in Phx,AZ Are Humans Smarter than Yeast?
Which of course is just the kind of bizarre conjecture that keeps people from taking Hanson and Kunstler serously at all.
Air conditioning is one of the most demand elestic areas of energy consumption. Here in Kentucky I have not yet turned on my air conditioner this year! Because I am concerned about natural gas? NO. Almost all electrical production in this state is by way of coal fired plants. What I am concerned about is retaining money. If I shave a month or so off the air conditioner use at each end of the summer, I can live VERY comfortably in July and August when I really NEED the air not to be miserable.
A friend of mine recently built a house himself (important distinction, he built it, and did not have one of the high speed developer/contractors do it) and so he could take the little bit of extra time and effort to install a geo thermal or ground coupled heat pump, and good insulation. The place is like a small palace and costs him some $35 to $55 a month topside in air conditioning costs (his property taxes are higher).
If natural gas does indeed go up in price, the amount of waste that can be squeezed out of American consumption is ASTRONOMICAL. Already existing technology such as ground coupled heat pumps, slightly better appliences and solar hot water could remove the consumption matching ALL the LNG we can import given current facilities and facilities currently in development to import it.
What the LNG promoters are terrified of is that after they make the investments, the "demand destruction" kicks in ( and this is demand destruction that causes no great discomfort to the average boomer), and the price collapses. It is not out of the realm of possibility, and if the weather went mild for successive years, they could be, to use a direct term, screwed.
But the weather, and the American people and industrial demand situation mean so much. LNG and large pipeline projects take years to plan. It only takes a few days in the winter for tempetures to drop to sub zero, and then, how long will they stay there? We are walking on the thin edge of catastrophe in planning our LNG and natural gas supply, and we know it.
So, what to do? One thing we can do now. We should try to increase natural gas and LPG (propane) storage as rapidly as possible. This should be incentivised through tax breaks. The gas and LPG are not going to spoil in the tank like bad friut, and JIT (Just In Time) inventory may be great for some products, but for a life supporting commodity like natural gas and LPG, it is a poor and risky way to do business.
Roger Conner known to you as ThatsItImout
While I agree with everything you say, I'm particularly frustrated by the Kunstlerian "the 'burbs are gonna die, the SW US is gonna die, etc." nonsense.
Just once I want to hear Kunstler or one of the people pushing that puerile apocalypse porn provide a detailed analysis of how such a prediction will play out. How, exactly, are people going to abandon Phoenix or the 'burbs? Will they simply lock their houses and walk away from the biggest single investment they have? Will they sell? If so, to whom and at what price? (Hint: If "everyone" is leaving an area, the market value of a house and the land it's on will be almost zero.) And if they do move into one of those gloriously re-densified cities, where in the world will they all fit, and what kind of infrastructure and private investment will it take to house, feed, etc. them all? And for all the people who work in an office complex or industrial park that's out in the 'burbs, how do they get there if they can't afford the transportation to travel to and from their prior residences?
The number one thing people learn when they study economics rigorously is that all prices and costs are relative. When Kunstler predicts the death of Phoenix or Vegas or 'burbs, he's literally claiming that such incredibly drastic and expensive action will be the best alternative all those people have.
Given the advances coming very soon in EV's and solar power, the increasing use of ground-loop heating and cooling (which is insanely efficient, as you mentioned), the enormous opportunities for conservation (ditto), I don't believe for a second that a mass abandonment of some metro areas and tens of millions of homes across the US in the 'burbs will be the best option.
As one example of Kunstler's ability to gauge our ability to respond to challenges, I refer everyone to his statement about Y2K, written in April of 1999:
http://www.grinzo.com/energy/blog_entry_archive/2006/05/2006x05x27_2.html
I wish people would pay more attention to the real problems we're facing and can still do something about, and ignore the Apocalypticon rants.
Then consider this country lives paycheck to paycheck on borrowed money, we dont have enough savings for a bailout plan, at least most dont. Sure, there is an enormous amount of waste and discretionary spending that can be wrung out of the system, still, that leaves the same problems in place. We've spent more than 100 years building a system that doesnt work without fairly cheap energy. Too many people moving and doing so alone and great distances. Our actual home arrangements may last awhile for those within a reasonable distance to work, but transportation will be the first issue added to increased costs for everything else. Without cheap transportation much of what we built doesnt work so well. Adding fuel to the problem is wringing out the excess means a serious downturn in our service economy because we let our base slip away to globalization, that isnt easily reversed.
An investment is only an investment if it returns money, if your upside down and cant hold on to your "investment", then you walk away from it, and under todays new BK laws, you may get stuck. The current inflation rate alone is wiping out or has wiped out most of the gains many have seen, even if they are too out of it to notice, that will get far worse.
Apocalyptic, ya maybe, but for some it will be a boom time, for others it will be ugly. For some its already ugly, almost a year later and the Katrina aftermath is still ever present for example. Depends on your situation and what your prepared to do, most I fear based on my observations wont fare to well in a crisis, and Uncle Sam cant be counted on to help, if anything the govt can be counted on to make things worse.
Yes, places that are 100% percent systhetic like Vegas, Phoenix, SoCal, etc etc that require massive amounts of water and electric just for basic needs will get pinched hard first. Those in more fortunate areas wont wanna sell either. Its a two pronged problem, your house becomes worthless and you cant sell it, but cant move w/o the cash from it, and if you could, finding a new place may be tough. Same with SUV's, they are about to become very very cheap and plentiful. Then because the economy will likely stall at best and crash at worse, employment goes down the tubes too, what then? How many people do you know can go unemployed and for quite awhile, most cant.
Solutions, sure, lots of those. Most can be done with existing technology, ALL require the same sacrifice, culture change and a drop in living standrds, in a country that has been raised to believe that should never happen and cant happen. The mindset must be fixed first or none of this flies.
It all boils down to timeframe, is it spread out over a decade or more, or is it just a few years? If its soon, most people will be F'd for awhile, just the way it is.
There are two issues being discussed here: a possible near term crisis in the natural gas section of the US electricity grid; and actual shortages of fossil fuels caused by global depletion and reflected in high & rising prices. I'll deal with the near term crisis first.
- Does anyone really believe that the US government will just stand by & let the power grid collapse for good in areas fuelled by natural gas? I'll grant that they may just be stupid enough to allow a short-term collapse to happen through "leaving it to the market", but the solution to a natural gas crisis is so screamingly obvious - coal. They'll fund the necessary work to connect the grid up properly so that coal plants further away can make up the gap between supply of natural gas fired power and demand. Of course that will aggravate Global Warming, but that won't even slow down, let alone stop, the current political elite. I can just imagine Bush & co saying "The Dutch can drown, but Phoenix is gonna have their power. The American way of life is not negotiable."
- Turning to the longer term, despite anything anyone tells you, people don't actually need air conditioning. The human race got along just fine without it for millenia and will again. Think Mad Dogs & Englishmen:
http://www.sabrizain.demon.co.uk/malaya/coward.htm- When air conditioning becomes unaffordable, it will be junked in order to allow people to keep what they do need. This process will be a great deal quicker if power companies get to introduce "time of use" charging. They're moving towards this here in Australia and, when it's brought in, I predict a massive drop in air conditioner use. Most people with one will probably still keep it, but they'll be much more sparing in their use and adjust the thermostat so that the machine is just taking the edge off the heat rather than making the house a "just right" temperature. Even this is a luxury rather than a necessity and will go eventually if it needs to.
- The die-off brigade like to go on about the massive resources it will take to adjust to Peak Oil. What they don't tell you is the massive resources that are presently going into unsustainable consumption & investment patterns. By building railways instead of roads, trains instead of cars, and medium density flats instead of McMansions, you'd be amazed at how quickly many cities can be transformed.
- Of course, some cities just won't make the grade - they'll have too far to shift in too short a time. I can certainly imagine Phoenix as one. And it's quite possible many people might just have to pack up & go. It's happened before. Has anyone read The Grapes of Wrath?
http://www.ac.wwu.edu/%7Estephan/Steinbeck/grapes.htmlThe good news is they won't have nearly as far to travel. The bad news is they probably won't be driving.
6. Eventually, even coal will run out. By then, however, people will have got the point about non-renewable resources. Peak Oil will put the cornucopians out of business for good, so we'll be able to use the remaining fossil fuels as an energy bank to fund the transition to a sustainable society.
"Just once I want to hear Kunstler or one of the people pushing that puerile apocalypse porn provide a detailed analysis of how such a prediction will play out. How, exactly, are people going to abandon Phoenix or the 'burbs? Will they simply lock their houses and walk away from the biggest single investment they have? Will they sell?"
There's a logical problem here: it's not Kunstler's job to explain how people are going to abandon the burbs -- it's YOUR job to explain how they will be able to continue surviving there if gas and oil go way up in price! The fact that all the options are painful or worse has no bearing at all on what will be.
"Given the advances coming very soon in EV's and solar power, the increasing use of ground-loop heating and cooling..."
Ok, let's just say --I don't agree -- but let's just say that takes care of cooling. It certainly doesn't take care of transporation or electricity (or water or food).
"And for all the people who work in an office complex or industrial park that's out in the 'burbs, how do they get there if they can't afford the transportation to travel to and from their prior residences?" Indeed! It seems to me you arguing for Kunstler here, not against him.
Is it that you say gas and oil aren't going to go up quite a bit, and then continue? It is true that there is a large amount of energy waste in our country, some of it not structural -- curable with e.g. better gas mileage, using fans instead of A/C, fluorescent bulbs, etc. BUT, prices won't stop there. What happens then? Then we will have to address structural issues, some of the issues Kunstler addresses. Eventually the car has to go, the McMansions have to go, and the burbs as they exist now have to go. It doesn't matter if it's inconvenient or disastrous even -- if prices go up high enough, then what will be will be.
If you dispute that, then it seems to me the onus is on you. Lay out a scenario in which our current way of life can be continued.
BTW, lots of people got Y2K all wrong, not just Kunstler. Even some big names in computing who should have known better.
A couple of points here. First, during the Depression, people did just walk away; they had no choice. My folks lost their house but the banks had so many, they just let people stay in them. Farmers walked away from farms that had been in the family for generations. So just because we don't like the result doesn't mean the result won't happen. Second, yes, a house is people's largest investment, or at least largest asset. But they rarely own it: the bank owns it. As interest rates go up forcing the adjustment of ARMs, as the cost of driving to work, the cost of food, the cost of everything we buy goes up because of increased energy costs, people can get to a point they cannot afford the mortgage payments. They have no choice but to walk.
Is your position that these apocalyptic views can't or won't happen because they seem too bad a result? If that's the case, none of this peak oil stuff can happen because the result is too bad. So let's just continue along with mainstream America and deny it and be happy because as long as we deny it, it can't happen. I like to think the apocalyptic version won't happen either, but I can certainly envision a lot of scenarios in which that is the inevitable result. If peak oil hits in the next few years, what will be the impact on our economy? If we slide into recession or depression, from where do we get the massive capital necessary to implement all these necessary alternatives to overcome peak oil on the scale necessary? From our bankrupt government? Borrow it from the people who can barely (or can't) afford food for their kids and the higher costs of their mortgage?
There may be no point in Kustler obsessing on the collapse of Phoenix and the southwest. At the same time, if you had your kids there and that collapse were a reasonable possibility, would you rather be made aware in time to protect your family? Kunstler does provide a service because he is one of the few really giving a view over the edge. If you think the edge doesn't exist (and this isn't to say going over is inevitable), you have far more faith in human nature than I.
Millions were spent on preparing for Y2K. The preparations worked.
Now of course, many say that Y2K was a silly pointless panic ... just because they didn't have to use their survival cabin in the hills.
What sucks is the political ruling class want no part of the preparation. Instead, they want to milk the situation until starving throngs come begging to them to be enslaved just to eat.
Believe it or not, Phoenix has an old downtown. But it's very tiny, the size of a city of oh, maybe 15000. That's because before airconditioning, hardly anyone in his or her right mind wanted to live there. Before heating and cooling, you could always throw on more clothing in a cool climate, however lice-ridden that clothing might have been. But there was never anything you could do about 110 degree heat, except die of heatstroke if you weren't young and strapping anymore. Most of the U.S. population, including the population of Phoenix, is not young and strapping anymore. Even much of the young population is not particularly strapping.
You don't need a Kunstler-style collapse to make Phoenix a truly dangerous location for most people. All you need is an electricity supply that's a bit unreliable. And it's easy to make the electricity supply a bit unreliable. Simply create a political Global Warming panic, and have our corrupt, incompetent politicians ride their hobby horses into the fray. Voila.
The same is true - to a lesser degree - for virtually all of our southern cities. Very few people lived there before airconditioning, relative to cities elsewhere. From June through September everything not cooled unremittingly drips humidity and reeks of mildew.
N.B. a similar problem may arise with cities that are too densely populated, in any area, hot or cold. After our politicians, egged on by GW doomers who are selling books too - run for the hills, we think the oceans might possibly be deeper 1000 years from now - have messed up the electricity supply, life is not going to be any fun for people who have to decide between walking up 20 floors, or else risking being stuck all day in a dangerously hot airless elevator.
The problem is you both seem to focus only on your own life experience in Modern, Fully Energized First World Cities. So no wonder it's so difficult to imagine the collapse of a major urban center.
But consider looking to history for examples - both modern and ancient times - when resources could no longer support cities or countries...
Or you could watch in Real-Time how First- and Second-World Cities are currently experiencing urban/economic decay (eg. India, Pakistan, S. Africa {www.allafrica.com]). You can See the effects of the Power Shortages and interuptions on sewer and water services, the lack of reliable employment due to unpredictable power outages on industry, decling property values, and heavy tax burdens for those who try to stick it out... there are many, many symptoms and issues far beyond simple AC for the hot summer. People may not want to leave their homes but might be Forced too - either because they lost their homes for foreclosure or because their city is becoming virtually unlivable.
India is booming. I've lived in Southeast Asia for over ten years. Decay is not in the vocabulary. Half the world lives in Asia and most of it is very dynamic.
"Power Shortages and interuptions on sewer and water services, the lack of reliable employment due to unpredictable power outages on industry, decling property values, and heavy tax burdens for those who try to stick it out."
But these have nothing to do with peak oil. There are less power shortages in most of the world than there were a few years ago.
Doomers love to check pick a few bad things and then claim they are proof the world is coming to an end. But at any time in history there have been good places and bad places, decay and growth.
I don't know what will happen, but the ease with which doomers find proof in everything does nothing to convince me they are right.
Power Shortages are ultimately related to Peak Oil - "Fuel Switching" once worshipped by the Greenies is now becoming Fuel Twitching - and you will see it in the markets... oh boy what fun!!!
Humpty Dumpty has MANY cracks - if you are blind to the symptoms and wish to ignore them, you are choosing ignorance.
Jack, I honestly am not a "DOOMER" at all. I see a Living Hell of a transition but in the long run the civilization that Sap forms from the wreckage will be far better than this one - for a far greater percentage of the population than is now served by the current version of civilization. This is Homo Sap's FIRST try at a Global Village - we will get it "righter" next time.
Everything always looks rosy at the top - this is Peak Oil, but it is also Peak Energy, Peak Matter, and Peak Standard of Living for a very long time to come... sorry, ask Mother or manzthingy's written history if you disagree and insist on having Faith only in the experience of your own tiny existance.
I respectfully disagree on A/C inelasticity. I am old enough to remember when A/C was a very expensive option on homes or cars here in Phx. My mother, as a Depression Era Phx child, slept with her family in the front yard under wet sheets to keep cool on hot nights. The wealthier had screened sleeping porches to ward off mosquito bites. Swamp-cooling, for those that could afford the electricity, was considered a big advance. Her family's big treat was to see an occasional movie in the first A/C buildings in Phx followed by home-cranked ice cream using very expensive ice. Refrigerators and A/C were first praised as absolute miracles, then absolute essentials.
I don't know a great deal about new cars [I prefer two wheel transport, love my scooter] but I do not think it is even possible today to buy a car WITHOUT A/C. Come to Phx and see if you can find anyone driving around in the afternoon heat with their windows down. Those that do just haven't saved up the money yet to get their A/C repaired--generally very expensive.
Same with Phx houses, stores, govt. offices, and businesses. They could all be currently running swamp-coolers and saving megawatts, or as you suggest--install a geo thermal or ground coupled heat pump, and good insulation. But they don't, and haven't since Reagan put the kibosh to Carter's Conservation Plan. My local grocery store even has a thirty foot A/C opening for its customer entrance because normal electric doors injured too many people and the big entrance draws more people 24/7. This link gives an animated example:
http://www.asidoors.com/enviro/715.asp
Most Phx commuters could have long ago collectively forced mass-transit or bike paths to be built by mere consumer demand, or shifted to motorcycles and scooters for big savings, but they now see no-sweat autos and buses as a birthright, just as they see climate controlled comfort as non-negotiable everywhere they go in the Asphalt Wonderland. Americans have forgotten frugality. I think Hanson and Kunstler are correct. Mike Ruppert of FTW bailed out of LA for Oregon as another example.
Bob Shaw in Phx,AZ Are Humans Smarter than Yeast?
It all depends upon the consumer's priorities and wealth. My guess [roughly ten years postPeak?] is that the remaining Phoenicians might be willing to pedal to work, then sweat profusely all day at a non-A/C job in order to keep his/her job from being outsourced overseas to Dubai [or wherever energy is cheapest], then go home to a hot house, but still afford the luxury of one room in the house being super-insulated and cooled by a very small, but highly efficient A/C unit to allow a comfortable night's sleep. I picture bunks for the whole family [no snoring allowed?], but they would spread throughout the other bedrooms in cooler times.
I basically lived this way during my first two non-parental 'launch' years: no car, pedaled to an outside job, pedaled home to a small 3-bedroom bachelor house shared by five other guys to defray costs. Barely remember the great toga parties.
As electricity continues to get expensive, back to swamp-cooling a single room by PV/batts/small gas genset, then sleeping in the yard, or on the roof as poor Iraqis do. I think the last appliance people will give up is the refrigerator. Cold beer & ice cream is priceless!
Bob Shaw in Phx,AZ Are Humans Smarter than Yeast?
For most people, if not all, the economic effects of one's energy use is highly delayed - by days in terms of petrol for car use, and months in terms of home electricity use.
Many people here, whom I suspect are highly intelligent, educated and motivated individuals, speak of 'shaving off A/C use to make the winters more bearable' or similar efforts. However, I would hypothesise that the average citizen is so disengaged from the economics and science of energy use ('taking it for granted', so to speak) that they would be at least subconciously unable to make the connection between 'less energy use' equating ultimately to a 'lesser bill'? - and subsequently blaming their increased energy expenses on anyone but themselves.
In summary: there are no price meters on refrigerators or air conditioners. Consumers must 'guess' the effects of their energy use and its ultimate financial impact, which makes conservation harder, and seem more distant.
It used to be that it was very unusual for people to have AC here in Colorado. But global warming, combined with increased comfort needs and more money have conspired against that. I suspect, however, that better construction could, even in today's hotter climate, make much of that AC unnecssary.
Does anyone seriously think the US will have trouble generating electricity due to PO? I thought everyone saw transportation as the real problem.
I'll agree about coal but substitute nuclear for wind as the other source to gain market share in the intermediate and long term. There will be new windmills too so long as there remain tax credits and production subsidies.
BTW, people talk about Phoenix running out of electricity PO. Have they forgotten the three reactors at Palo Verde, just to the west of town? Did they know about the room and design for 2 more reactors on the site?
How about the Four Corners Coal Plant to the northeast, the world's largest single air pollution point source (or used to be.)
As to natural gas, most new electrical capacity built since the early 90's has been gas fired. However, the relative increase in gas prices compared to coal prices has left more of it idle as the spark spread for gas got too low to run. Coal has assumedly picked up the slack.
Burning natural gas, domestic or LNG, for any major portion of our electrical needs is folly.
"substitute nuclear for wind as the other source to gain market share in the intermediate and long term."
Yeah, I'm thinking of the short term: the next 10 years. At the end of that time there's a good chance wind will be bumping up against the roughly 15% market share limit caused by intermittency.
At about 10 years new nuclear, and solar, will likely become major players. Storage from plug-in hybrids, smart meters and demand management will start to provide more flexibility for wind, nuclear and solar, probably raising the market share limits for all three.
1) Landscaping can make a major difference in the temperature of homes, at least in some areas like Pennsylvania where I now live.
For instance, my next door neighbors used to have thick shrubs obscuring the front of their south-facing house. The windows looked to be recessed. They have no awnings over the windows and no shade trees in the yard.
A couple of years ago, they chopped down the shrubs and replaced them with much lower plantings. Immediately, the summer temperature in their house went up 5 to 10 degrees. They were quite shocked.
Deciduous trees and shrubs on the southern exposure, conifers in the northern exposure and a mix on either side, coupled with fans, including a whole-house fan that can pull cool night air through the house, can make a big difference in a climate like this.
As to Phoenix, I think that its summertime population will be reduced, but its wintertime population may be more stable. Now that the Gulf Coast may be routinely demolished each summer, more snowbirds from the Midwest, Plains and Inter-Mountain region may look to Phoenix to get away from the cold.
My Rand-McNally shows 1713 miles between Chicago and Phoenix. Doubling that mileage and dividing it by 25 (a reasonable approximation of the highway mileage obtained by a mid-size sedan) leaves 137--a rought esimate of the number of gallons of gasoline required. A good-size older home in Chicago could easily consume 137 gallons of heating oil a month in winter. As I understand it, there is not much call for heating or cooling in Phoenix during the winter, so a long snowbird trip, even by auto, might make sense energetically for at least a decade or more. That might make for a lot of need for rental housing or a way to get at least some value from housing sold essentially as winter vacation property.
On another topic, the U.S. NREL energy maps show solar thermal as producing more power than PV in the southwest.
Any and all comments appreciated.