Federal Birth Control for Urban Rail works again

COTA to slam brakes on transit options
Tuesday, June 06, 2006
Tim Doulin
THE COLUMBUS DISPATCH

COTA might abandon any attempt to add light rail, streetcars or bus rapid transit.

The Central Ohio Transit Authority has been studying all three, but none qualifies for federal funding right now, officials said.

COTA President William Lhota will share today with the agency's board preliminary findings of a study that looked at how much each option would cost and how each would affect such things as noise, traffic, parking and the environment.

The same findings will be shared in public meetings over the next month. Lhota wants to hear from the public before recommending to the board at its July meeting whether to continue pursuing one of the options.

"At this time, based on everything that we know, it is our plan in July to recommend to the board that we not proceed any further," Lhota said yesterday.

There has been talk of a light-rail system in central Ohio since the 1970s. As recently as 1999, voters rejected a levy request that would have funded light rail.

From 2002 to the end of April of this year, $13 million, including about $367,000 in COTA money, has been spent to study the feasibility for light rail, bus rapid transit and streetcars.

As mandated by the Federal Transit Administration, COTA in the last year weighed the capital costs of each of the three transit options against projected ridership, travel-time savings and other benefits.

COTA found that light-rail and streetcar options each would cost $510 million to $640 million to build and would have a projected average weekday ridership of 9,000 to 18,000.

Bus rapid transit would cost $225 million to $375 million to build and have a projected average weekday ridership of 6,000 to 9,000.

Under the federal guidelines, light-rail and streetcar options would have a cost-effective index of $60 to $100 and bus rapid transit would be $35 to $45.

The FTA requires an index of $23 or less.

"The bottom line is that, when you cut through all of this, light rail, streetcar or bus rapid transit do not meet the current criteria for federal funding," Lhota said.

Federal funding would cover as much as 50 percent of capital costs.

"The FTA approval process is complicated and, from my perspective, has always been a moving target," said Bill Porter COTA board chairman.

"While this is a disappointment to the short-term future of alternative modes of transportation in central Ohio, it does not mean that light rail, streetcars or bus rapid transit will never be a reality in our community."

COTA would need local taxpayer support to fund about 25 percent of a rapid-transit system.

COTA still plans to seek voter approval for a tax-levy increase on the November ballot. If the board drops the thought of alternative transit, money from an approved levy would be used to enhance bus service.

"We still need a levy to pay for expanded bus and paratransit service necessary to alleviate crowding and lack of service in some areas," Lhota said.

COTA's study is separate from the city's streetcar study. Earlier this year, Mayor Michael B. Coleman created a 42-member panel to study streetcar service for Downtown.

Karl Gelfer, a COTA rider for more than 30 years, said that while he supports light rail, COTA shouldn't pursue it at this time.

"The voters don't want it," said Gelfer, a retired state worker who lives in Clintonville.

"The bus service needs to improve before we go with a light-rail option."

URL is:

http://www.dispatch.com/news-story.php?story=dispatch/2006/06/06/20060606-A1-01.html

I have been posting selected news tidbits on Urban Rail in order to give TODers a glimpse and education about real world issues.

In this case, Columbus Ohio is denied a chance at a non-oil transportation alternative because of limited Federal funds and limited local support.

Yesterday, it was about how Manila increased rail capacity by 50% by just buying more rolling stock, a VERY economic scaling effect.  (My guess, +10% costs, +50% capacity)

Rail typically scales up beautifully, unit costs go down (strongly) as volume goes up.  Add miles anywhere on the system and this will add ridership density on every existing mile and every station.  Transit Orientated Development speeds up the larger the system grows.

I rarely get comments with these articles though.  Are they of value ?

Hello AlanfromBigEasy,

Keep 'em coming!  Most of us TODers have very little knowledge of RR and mass-transit.  I try and soak it up just like I try to absorb the info series on Shale oil.

Bob Shaw in Phx,Az  Are Humans Smarter than Yeast?

Hello, Bob Shaw and other TODers.

I'd like to take up your invitation with a few thoughts on light rail.  As a child, I lived in Oak Park, IL, within easy walking distance of a stop on the Elevated system.  It was very convenient: from there, a dime would get me almost anywhere in Chicago.  At that time also (1930s) there were connections from the downtown "loop," or from convenient stations, with electric interurban routes to points up to 50 miles or so away in northern Indiana and west and southwest of Chicago, as well as north 90 miles to Milwaukee.  All these were heavily used commuter lines.  All this was in addition to the "heavy rail" local and commuting services.

In the early part of the century, electric power use was heavy in the winter months and somewhat slack in the summer.  In order to balance the load, power companies across the country, especially in the north, invested in amusement parks where there was light rail access.  I can't speak for other areas, but around Chicago, the interurban lines were built as part of a utility holding company pyramid scheme headed by Sam Insull, that collapsed in 1929, taking some of my Dad's stock with it.  However, the electric lines continued to operate beyond the depression years.  The need for summer load balance turned around after the war, with the spread of air conditioning.

In my view, the public and political resistance (re: Ohio, in this thread) is simply stupid and short-sighted.  It appears to stem from it being seen as antique or quaint -- nostalgic and just not "progress" -- therefore unwanted.  But, dammit, it WORKED!

Cheers,
-- Mort.  

The South Shore Line into Indiana is still very much alive.
There have been efforts to kill it/grab the real estate from right of way using precisely the quaint & antiquated story. But it still WORKS.
You might get more responses if you did what you just did here...post a summary or brief snippet, and link to the article.  

IME, people tend to just scroll by large chunks of text.

I love the electric rail stuff Alan - keep it coming.
You have changed my thinking greatly.  I just never have anything intelligent to add.

But, rest assured, it is appreciated...along with your tidbits of life in New Orleans.

Rick

You have shown us that high mobility is still possible with a lot less energy.

I have to admitt, though, that I very often scroll down, whenever it gets too technical, or too specific to certain US locations.

Absolutely, your posts have great value, especially if you are living in the US, but less so on this side of the Atlantic.

I'm having a great time at TOD. You could wipe me off the floor reading that OPEC does not belief PO "theory". That debat is over; PO is not a theory, it's a physical certainty. OPEC may belief that it is at least decades away, but claiming they do not belief in PO is for sure a lie. Ask Indonesia.

I've always believed rail could serve us better but lacked information. Your posts help fill the gaps in my personal knowledge base about rail. Please do keep them coming.
Please, please keep it coming.  Your comments are always interesting and you bring a unique perspective to the discussions here at TOD.  Bravo for all your efforts supporting urban rail.
I read all your posts and they have done a lot to expand my knowledge about rail and the current mass transit trends in the US, which get very little if any notice in the European media.

So, keep up the good work. It will be appreciated.

You're preaching to the choir with me, but keep it coming.  I do not expect the US to do the obvious, logical steps, but I find it useful to understand exactly why these things cannot get done here.
Yes, most valuable. You have me pushing electric rail.

Casey Jones

Alan, keep 'em coming. The repetition reinforces the message. I don't usually comment on your posts on urban rail, but I always read them.
Its intresting to hear about post peak oil infrastructure investments in USA, please continue you posting.
I rarely get comments with these articles though.

If you want to add "and this is why New Orleans is one of only 3 cites worth saving" and I'll respond telling you to go pound sand.

Rubber VS road - 40 lbs of force to move a ton.   Steel wheels VS steel track - 5 lbs of foce to move a ton.  It is a 'DUH' issue.   So what are you looking for?  A 'thanks' each time you point out how much better tail is?

"A 'thanks' each time you point out how much better tail is?"

Actually I've never heard Alan mention anything about tail. Rail, yes, but no tail. Interesting Freudian slip though.

For discussions of tail, may I respectfully refer you to Don Sailorman.
   I too learn from your posts like I do form many of the other TOD posters and when I need to retrieve or refresh some info on rail I link back to your past posts and the wealth of data. I lurk here most of the time and learn from all the reports and opinions that I am able to read each day. This site helps me in dealing with looking ahead and trying to take some positive action for myself and those around me, those that will listen that is. My question I ask myself each day is how fast the squeeze will be (both in volume and time) and how will people and the economy handle the transition.
AlanfromBigEasy,

Does anyone (worldwide) use gondola technology to enhance rail? I would think that this type of technology could be used to move goods and people over and thru areas where even light rail would be expensive to implement.

There is a very nice suspended monorail (single track with passing at stations) in Japan from train depot through mountain to coastal village/resort.  Cab is below with "?" arm on monorail.

There is a ski-lift type gondola system from Manhatten to small island 1/2 way to Queens.  From distant memory, seats about 60.  Used by commuters.

Probably a few more examples.

In the overwhelming # of cases, rail works best for higher volumes of people.

I agree that rail is great for higher volumes. That's the reverse of my question. What about for SMALL volumes of people or goods? Is there a case for a gondola-type technology? Doesn't the cost of the real estate factor in somewhere?

Or...here's a vision...a micro-gondola device that can traverse power lines...even in rural areas. Perhaps the poles would have some widget added to allow the micro-gondola to by-pass them. It could be used as a "package" delivery device . I wonder how much additional weight the average power line can hold?

The established less capital intensive alternative too electrified rail are electrified busses that takes their power from a pair of wires strung over the road.

They are quite common in former east europe.

As far as I know no such system is in use in Sweden. The proposals have so far lost out to biogas or ethanol busses or more ambitious proposals for tramways, most of them not yet built. And there allays someone who somewere tries to sell some track-taxi concept.

Reminds me that I once heard that the reason for the hight of overpasses on the original German autobahns were to provide clearance to electrifie truck traffic. Trucks were smaller in the 1930:s.

I dont think there are any pressing reasons for complete automation of passanger traffic since there probably will be plenty of people competing for the driving jobs.

Gondolas on power poles will need some new kind of power pole system but the electricity distributors would perhaps prefer a cablification. Cables in the ground are much more reliable and are very storm resistant, they also look better, that is not at all. :-) I have seen power poles on manny US programs and it look a little thirld-world cobbled togeather. Perhaps they are popular due to a need for a much larger number of transformers to save on expensive thick 110V wiers?

After the last big ice storm blew thru here, I remember Duke Power (a big power company) saying that power lines on poles was *cheaper* than underground in both installation AND maintenance. Apparently underground gets cut a lot by "back-hoes", and when undergound gets flooded the repair can take much much longer.

Anyhow, I would image that a new power line micro-gondola system would eventually be rather attractive. I think a box about the size of a typical office desk could work (6'x3'x3'). Perhaps the power companies would get rid of that "third world cobbled together" look over time. I can image my "take out Chinese" dinner arriving in minimal time (kept warm by a built-in hot plate device) -- as the delivery gondola slips silently up to my house (while my car stays silently parked in the driveway).

> Apparently underground gets cut a lot by "back-hoes", and when undergound gets flooded the repair can take much much longer.

The standard over here is that if you cut a cable you pay unless you have asked for a free cable marking and then you only pay if you dig at the marking. If the cable is at the wrong location the power distributor pays.

You mean if ground level transformers and switches get flooded? Regular PEX insulated cables are water proof and most of them are also used in water, they even work better in wet ground when loaded since that provides a little cooling.

I have onle seen very short press release versions of cost comparisions. Cables won when comparing the whole multi decade life lenght, they do probably not win if the intrest rate is high. Cheap labour might change the calcualtion but the material cost should be about the same globally if you are a large distributor.

And there might be other reasons, people here dont like overhead wiers, they look ugly, farmers dont like to have poles in their fields and poles alongside roads is an additional traffic risk. Large parts of Denmark looks better then Sweden and one of the reasons is that the have cablified more. But the main reason is reliability during storms and the cost of having service people waiting everywhere. Power line building and maintainance is no longer local busines as it used to be over here and cablifieing is a technological way of providing the same kind of reliability.

Almost the only new power poles installed for voltages less then some 20 kV are where the ground is bedrock or full of stone blocks and there insulated wiers or cables depending on how you define them are regularly used. They can handle a tree leaning on them withouth interrupting service and if a whole forest goes down modern linkage breaks in a controlled way saving the poles, I dont know if the cables are tough enough to survive that. My guess is that damaged insulation is ok as long as the wire/cable are strong enough to be rehung in the poles isolators if you have a real emergency. In the same way as emergency 20 kV ground cables were left on open ground to get repairs done faster, this gave some fireworks when forestry machines rolled over them but I dont think anyone were killed.

Micro gondolas sound like a very fun idea to contemplate and calculate. I have read about simmilar compressed air tube-transportation ideas or micro wehicle in small culvert ideas. They have a problem with the capital cost for building the system. Your micro gondola system is unfortunately not something for where I live since it probably will have a hard time with ice on the powerlines.

My guess for future logistics is much more rail combi traffic with local battery or plug in hybrid distribution wehicles and probably manny packet/post offices to collect packages at the same time as doing other buinesses.

The local trend in Sweden is a now completed closure of most traditional complete service post offices over 15 years. Probably since the dismantling the cash only spare banking infrastructure in case of WW 3 and definately due to the arrival of internet banking overtaking the payment order system we used instead of cheques. This has been replaced with a more fine grained system of small delivery points in shops and larger kiosks for collecting packages and mail to big to fit in your mailbox.

In my home town is a small logistics central being established to recieve heavy trucks and repackage the deliveries to small biogas driven delivery trucks thus getting rid of heavy and awkward delivery traffic in the city center and saving a fair ammount of fuel. It is situated so that a railway spur can be added later. We are not yet ready for the second or third(?) try for getting light rail combo traffic going with small containers. And such a system is technically an easy one.

I forgot, underground cables also give less problems with thunderstrikes.
Micro gondolas are a "very fun idea to contemplate and calculate" -- Yes, I keep thinking about it. For instance, you mention rail and hybrid vehicles, but I keep picturing (1) moving a person from A to B in a vehicle, and then moving the person (with retail purchase or package) from B to A in a vehicle, versus (2) moving the retail purchase or package in a small container (no person, and no vehicle) from B to A -- much more efficient.

It would be not just for postal package delivery, but also for normal retail transactions. Perhaps the micro gondolas would have "line heaters" where necessary.

There has been numerous tries for on-line purchasing of groceries and so on. Over here they usually fail on too high staff costs for putting the delivery togeather and transporting them and the buyer and sellers often wish to meet in a shop to find new things/sell new things.

The first niches that make sense seem to be deliveries to disabled people and high profile luxuries that were fun as internet ghee-whiz.

This part is fairly independant of delivery via optimised car routes, compresse air mail tube or micro gondolas. But the staff and capital cost and delivery times are of course different.

If you want to solve this figure out chilled gondolas, freezer gondolas and why not also heated gondolas.

Line heating has been used to defrost high tension lines but it eats power since it essentially means turning the power line into one long resistiv heater in freely moving cold air. Dont bother with the minus celsius part of the market. If you get people to want any kind of system like this you have done good and if you get something workable that is better then small delivery trucks in any climate you have done even better.

Chicago used to have electrified buses like Eastern Europe until about 1970 - just as the Lower 48 peaked! I remember watching the occasional bus driver having to grab this rope like a clothesline to put the "derailed" trolley back. Of course, it would clog traffic for the couple minutes.

A real problem is that if a truck gets stuck under a bridge, the bus can't divert to go around it, adding to the traffic jam. Plus you can't easally turn a bus around unless it had an onboard emergency genset. (not a bad idea given upcoming chronic rolling blackouts!)

I helped put together a proposal to buy & build electric trolley buses in New Orelns after Katrina.  They would have had a 80 hp diesel generator on-board to make short diversions (also useful for maintenance).  Without a/c, top speed fo about 25 mph for on "off wire" trolley bus.  Larger generator = more speed.
What about for SMALL volumes of people or goods

http://www.ruf.dk

That stuff looks like it requires a *lot* more real estate and equipment investment than my micro-gondola concept.

A power company could attach micro-gondolas to the tops of existing power poles. They could start (after peak oil makes this look more sensible of course) by delivering the most popular single trip items on the most popular routes. They could have Pizza, Chinese food, diapers, cigarettes, DVDs, and beer & wine delivery to a selection of "destination poles" in big neighborhoods. The pilot project would branch out from the initial network -- just walk down to your neighborhood community center and wait for the gondola to deliver your dinner!

A power company could attach micro-gondolas to the tops of existing power poles

Could.   Most poles that are installed are ment to hold up wires.   Not the forces of a gondola.  

Go talk to the engineers at the power company and ask for the design calcs.  

Then, visit a gondola firm and ask to see the force calcs for their towers.

Also look about - how many power poles have 'gondola obstructions'?

That stuff looks like it requires a lot more real estate and equipment investment than my micro-gondola concept.

In some magical future where electrical energy replaces all oil, the power grid will need to be reworked.  Already, the present grid is overtaxed in parts of the US of A.  The ruf concept could house the expanded power grid, which would be needed for a electrial power grid transport system.

A "redo" with a ruf system makes sense if the power grid needs to undergo a large expansion of capacity, and part of tht new demand will be transportation.   Room temp superconductors stikes me as a reason for such a new buildout.   Or perhaps when nuclear power gets too cheap to meter eh?

More "magical future"...

Those power grid towers that hold up long distance power lines could work also for micro gondolas. They look strong. I wonder if they are hurricane strength? Perhaps UPS or FedEx should look into this.

If it got going almost everywhere (between major cities) the airlines could use them to send our luggage from airport to airport. This would probably pay for itself before too long.

Make it a separate system.
GADGETBAHN

An endless array of new & innovative transportation designs keep appearing.  Monorails are the most enduring (in part because they are the best solution in a very small niche) and RUF is one on the newest ones. A bewildering array of airport people movers have been installed world-wide.

Collectively, these concepts have been lumped together as "gedgetbahn".  Much time, money and effort has been spent on them and none are as generally* useful or economic to build and operate as convential rail systems.  The US actually built a few in the late 1970s and early 1980s when we were looking for solutions to our oil dependence (see below).

However, IMO, we do not have the time or money to waste on more experiments wuth gadgetbahn.  We need to build what works !

RUF is not worth the waste of time to consider.  It has an exposed high voltage rail.  In an accident, a twisted metal structure could short that out with "adverse condequences".  Someone could have a flat tire, get out, jump over the "V" and put their hand in the wrong place.  Not acceptable today.

What happens when the bus stops every few blocks, does a line of cars behind stop as well ?

Unique design cars and buses are required with "limited utility" and market.  How does one induce Toyota to design and build just one RUF model ?

*Monorails have a very small and limited market where they are the "best" solution.  Advocates routinely underestimate their costs to build & operate and discount the value of commonality everywhere with multiple suppliers to chose from.

Some US gadgetbahn:

Miami MetroMover

http://faculty.washington.edu/~jbs/itrans/miami.htm

Morgantown Group Rapid Transit

http://faculty.washington.edu/~jbs/itrans/morg.htm

Irving Texas Peoplemover

http://faculty.washington.edu/~jbs/itrans/lascol.htm

Jacksonville Monorail

http://faculty.washington.edu/~jbs/itrans/jack.htm

All of the above are quite uneconomic by any standard transportation metric.

Most transit advocates see "gadgetbahn" proponents as being pro-car and anti-transit, who are using an impractical design to confuse & delay a good solution.

RUF is not worth the waste of time to consider.
What happens when the bus stops every few blocks, does a line of cars behind stop as well ?

Because you don't feel it is worth the time to consider, no one will ever be able to answer your straw man.

Oh wait.   If you think like a linear rail, stopping and staring is a problem.

http://www.ruf.dk/w_calc/la_calc/la9.htm
" At or near each rail crossing is a station and a multi branch rail access/egress point."    Guess THEY have thought of the problem.  

A nice RUF feature is the ability to move about cargo w/o the need for humans.   Like the 'micro gondola' idea.   I have yet to see the 'what works rail' plan for that.

"Trolley Freight" is an old idea.  Shipping freight on streetcar/tram tracks.  Dresden started that up recently AFAIK.

I have talked privately with Westexas that Trolley freight on the Dallas DART lines is doable off-peak one they finished expanding the system.

The electrified Long Island RR also runs freight off a 3rd rail.

We do *NOT* have the time !!

This is NOT six months after President Carter's speech !

If we were fully funding every viable Urban Rail project in the nation, and electrifying 100 miles of freight rail/month and the date was July 13, 1982; then I would be willing to fund some gadgetbahn experiments (RUF would likely not get my vote though).

Consider the time to build prototypes, debug them, build a minimal real world system (with Toyota or Honda building low volume one car & one mini-bus model), gather operational & cost data, re-engineer for any safety or operational problems. expand the initial network a bit, etc.  Most likely a dead end that ends up being scrapped.

At an absolute minimum, if successful, you would take 15 years (20 to 30 years more likely) before RUF displaced 0.1% of US oil consumption.  Meanwhile RUF would consume resources and time, delaying projects that we KNOW work, and work well !

I am generally opposed to gadgetbahn now.  We have a large # of choices that we know work, and work well.

For example, there may be a place for funiculars, which we know all about already.

A fundamental problem with gadgetbahn appears to be its "linearity". As you say, a bus stops and all traffic behind it stops. Also a train can move in only one direction on a rail line.

In my micro gondola design, the gondolas could by-pass each other at any tower (appropriately configured). Think of it as a segmented line rather than a continuous line.

I'd bet there is an air corridor NY-DC (225 miles) or Boston-NY (215 miles) where the airlines could save enough money by "shipping" luggage over the gondolas to pay for itself in a fairly short time. Let's see...those "flights" take about 1 hr 20 min to 1 hr 36 min (gate to gate), add on waiting, loading, and un-loading will get you to at least 2 hours. So the micro-gondola would have to travel about 110 mph to make the same trip in the same time.

Power lines are made of soft aluminum wire with a few steel strands added for strength.  The wear from heavy loads, a la luggage, would be unacceptable.  Any wear would be unacceptable, IMO.
Soft aluminum. That's good to know.

Looks like I'd have to install a lot of pole-top "?" (<-- that's the shape) hooks and run a lot of strong wire. <P> This is not really for gondola companies though, it may be more of a robot thing. What's the closest existing vehicle that traverses a "wire" with its own motor? Electric rail? Roller coaster?

"Bus rapid transit would cost $225 million to $375 million to build and have a projected average weekday ridership of 6,000 to 9,000."

Hummm, 225 million devided by 6000 is $37,500 per rider. Be a lot cheaper to buy each rider a new fuel efficient car and supply them with free gas for the rest of their lives?

Do you know what the analysis assumed about the future price of gasoline? Ridership might be a lot higher at $7/gallon than at $3/gallon.