Actually something that the Iranians are doing right is maintaining a very low Total Fertility Rate (1.8 for 2006). They do have a fairly young population, however, which means the actual population won't level off very soon. I suspect that the small family size was 'in the works' already, but the mullahs have helped it along by encouraging people to have fewer children, unlike other areas of the ME.

"the mullahs have helped it along by encouraging people to have fewer children"

Ahmadinejad urges Iranians to have more kids
(Oct 22, 2006)

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s remarks to a meeting of the government and parliament run counter to Iran’s long-held policy of controlling population growth

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10663272/

Ahmadinejad urges Iranian baby boom to challenge west

http://www.guardian.co.uk/iran/story/0,,1929364,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=1

Every government in Europe is 'encouraging' mothers to have more kids and will give them anything (but enough money or tax credits) to do so. Is Iran's birth rate per mother over or under the replacement rate of 2.1%?