The bank of international settlements, (BIS) shows a $5.8 trillion derivative position in oil contracts held by central banks on its books. Since they would not be necessarily trading for a profit motive, you have to allow for this in trying to understand the market movements.

It is likely in my opinion that they are shorting the market at the moment, and that they can use the SPR and other worldwide storage as collateral in case they get called to deliver. There are also hints that the Iraqi oil production has been sold forward even though it is still in the ground with uncertain prospects of coming out in volume.

Francois.

The above are some good explanations of what may be happening. I'd just like to point out that if the price of oil was being intentionally held below its market clearing value, demand will not only exceed supply but malinvestment in the energy and transportation industry will occur as businesses and individuals make incorrect decisions based on the current price.

In addition, inventories would be run down. I don't think the use of the SPR would be a viable alternative in the long run to stop the inventory decline (within the US) because the oil could not be efficiently distributed through the country in a major emergency.

Less problematic is that if speculators alone were keeping prices down, then eventually market forces over time would cause their trading positions to reverse – and the market would go back near equilibrium.