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8 comments on Congestion Pricing "Dead" in NY Assembly
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8 comments on Congestion Pricing "Dead" in NY Assembly
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The cost of running the London scheme in 2006 was £123 million out of a revenue of £245 million. This is 50% of the revenue leaving £122M to be invested in buses. It has reduced the number of vehicles by 70,000 per day (about 26%). 50-60% of this is due to transfers to public transport and only 20-30% due to skirting around the zone. The remainder to car-sharing, reduced number of journeys, more traveling outside the hours of operation, and increased use of motorbikes and cycles.
Paradoxically the greater the success of the scheme in reducing traffic levels the lower will be its income.
There are always those that complain about taxes but Ken Livingstone the Mayor of London that introduced the scheme was easily re-elected with his majority almost untouched 16 months after its introduction even with the proposal at the time of the election to extend the area of it. It is generally popular and I for one find the centre of London more pleasant to be in.
Initially there were reports of a drop in trade and plans to relocate outside the zone as had been predicted by opponents before its introduction but as time went by these declined and the Fourth Annual Review by Transport for London in 2004 indicated that business activity within the charge zone had been higher in both productivity and profitability and that the charge had a "broadly neutral impact" on the London wide economy.
Pollution levels inside the zone have fallen by 18.6%, 22.4% & 17.3% for nitrogen oxides, particulates and carbon dioxide respectively compared with 12.5% 17.5% and 16.2% outside the zone.
There are now plans to introduce charges scaled according to the pollution level up to £25 per day for the worst polluters down to zero for electric vehicles.
In addition in 2008 over a much wider area of London a low emissions zone will be introduced that will ban trucks and public transport vehicles that do not meet strict European pollution standards with fines of up to £1000 per violation.
Although there has been the predicable protests by some, there have been some traders like The Knightsbridge Association have backed the scheme and even called for it to be more stringent.
Yes the London scheme was 'overly successful'.
It's an axiom of highway building (I'm quoting, indirectly, the Texas department of transport here-- not yuppie leftish town planners) that traffic is generative. If you build a new highway, you get no net loss in congestion.
You do get more journeys, so in that sense the world is better off. More utility. But you don't, long run, improve average traffic speed. Demand rises to fill roadspace.
Turn it around. If you close a road, roughly 40% of the traffic just disappears-- it doesn't reroute. This too is widely known by traffic engineers and planners-- it's a commonly used rule of thumb.
I would bet that 40% of the journeys that were made into or through Central London (ie 40% of the 16% drop in traffic) just disappeared. They aren't being made any more.
John Lewis Partners in particular said their trade was down by about 8% (that's the leading central London department store). But who were these people, who take *the car* and drive to Oxford Street (which itself is closed to private cars) between 7am and 7pm Monday to Friday? (John Lewis opens at 9.30, closes at 6.30 except on Thursdays). And of course they were paying £12 to park for 2 hours, so the congestion charge was smaller than that (£8).
As with any good that is 'free', when we drive on a road with no marginal cost of doing so, we will overconsume it-- ie we will congest the roads more than we should. Petrol tax doesn't tax us for when we use the roads, just for driving-- it's too crude a usage tax.
Because we are not penalised, except by time cost, for jamming up the roads, we do it at our convenience.
Have there been significant savings in road maintenance resulting from the congestion program?