111 comments on Back-to-the-Future Look at Oil Prices--Will Higher Prices Bring More Supplies?
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111 comments on Back-to-the-Future Look at Oil Prices--Will Higher Prices Bring More Supplies?
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I do not think it is correct to characterize "economists" as asserting that the long-term price of oil will be constant in real terms. There is a long tradition in economics (going back especially to nineteenth century political economists such as Jevons) that worries about resource depletion. Coal was the great energy resource of the nineteenth century, and those British economists knew exactly how important coal was to Britain. Furthermore, they knew that the supply of coal was limited, and they also knew that the best and easiest deposits were mined first.
Economics is a study of scarcity and its consequences. To characterize economists (in general) as cornucopians is, I think, a mistake. If you get five economists in a room, you generally get at least six different opinions. Economists are trained to look for tradeoffs and also to look at what lies behind the opportunity cost of production. Economic textbooks are filled with graphs that show long-run average cost curves that first fall and then rise as output rises (because the cost of inputs rise).
Economists have developed ideas about how to sustain a no-growth economy and how to find substitutes for fossil fuel. Now I grant that on a given day you can find an economist somewhere who will say something really really dumb, but that says nothing about the discipline of economics nor about the abilities of economists in general.
Among other disciplines, Peter Drucker was educated in classical economics, and most of his management writings are nothing more than applied economics. I especially liked his book, "The Age of Discontinuity."
Don: I think you would have to agree that most "economists" quoted in the MSM are little more than salespersons. They are not stupid-they are "cornucopians" because that is the only way they can make a living. In the economy of 2007, sales/promotion has infected economic dialogue, equity analysis,rating companies like Moody's, pretty well 95% of all business news. It is mostly all one big advertisement (IMO).
I agree, BrianT. Most of the economists today are infinite growth junkies, which is why I call them court astrologers. The number of economists who are practicing science, as defined by the scientific method (observe, hypothesize, test hypothesis, collect data, repeat) is amazingly small. Thankfully some of them are trying to develop a real science of scarcity, supply, demand, etc., but most of them are worthless priests bowing at the altar of growth.
Ghawar Is Dying
The greatest shortcoming of the human race is our inability to understand the exponential function. - Dr. Albert Bartlett
"They are not stupid"
Is that correct? Come on, our situation is quite dunce-induced! But the idiocy has to work at a systems level, it has to take over institutions and ingrain itself in the culture. It works on the "cultivation of its own ignorance"--stupidity! Sorry, I just beg to differ.
It takes decades of centuries for this to happen. Particularly, in a highly developed, industrial superpower like the US. And I don't mean to be partisan at all. The culture, academia and the society as as a whole has to have a power base and ideology to make these decisions, they didn't consider massive downfalls--just like the engineers that built the WTC towers didn't test newer, theoretical impacts limits of giant kerosene filled jet-liners into their "modern masterpieces". Our societal model, to be vulgarly blunt, is like a giant Trade Center--not simply because of the threat of blow back terrorism arising from anywhere... Whether it be foreign policy or our own demented culture producing ream after ream of Mcveighs, Unabombers, school psychos, or the myriad of other less fatal mental disorders, too lengthy to go into here. Did Ford forsee PO when he was making 'lil Model T's on his invented assembly lines? Hell no! John D. Rockefeller was a power hungry, money-grubbing industrialist--"taking care of his baby". The Ultimate Cornucopian, his kid will have everything! Indeed, judging from Lee Raymond, The Oracle of Economists are indeed right in their prognostication that all is fine and delightful! *Pssssst* Let me tell you all a secret.... Economists also secretly whisper under their breaths, their medieval intellects fully intact, to his now long since dead brain's neurons' dream that money will continue, growth does that same, just like the oil, forever into posterity! John D grins in his sleep. Market innovation is evangelical in its saving power of PO. Find me a cornucopian geologist and I will show you a corporate apologist economist.
Traditional economists use a different
framework to analyze the resource price question than the one used in Limits to Growth, using aggregate demand/supply and ISLM money supply curves, etc. These contrast to the model used in Limits to Growth, which uses resource depletion and technological advances and population growth. So no wonder they don't agree -- different variables and weightings, based on different theories.
I don't think the validity of the Limits to Growth approach was attacked, but rather the conclusions -- but based on only one (most pessimistic) scenario. I don't have a copy of Limits to Growth in front of me, but I remember that they a number of scenarios. One scenario even considered "limitless technological growth."
First, Glenn, thank you for this insightful look at production, prices and resource depletion. This kind of information is vital.
Don Sailorman makes an important point about economics as the study of scarcity. Economists study finite resource depletion too - we've discussed hotelling theory and intertemporal substitution a bit here.
Re GreyZone and Glenn's references to Limits to Growth, the nonrenewable resource sector of the world3 model seems incredibly prescient now as an explanation of how increasing population-based demand intersects with the the law of diminishing returns as a nonrenewable resource depletes.
http://home.entouch.net/dmd/Oilcrisis.htm
Thank you Kenny, A couple of comments to one and all, I was relating a story of my lunch with Tom Neal, who later became President (or was it CEO?) of CNG. Back then, people were saying that commodities remained flat in inflated terms. And, the examples I showed of bricks, suet, etc, verified that observation over a 600 year period. I don't know how to say that that concept is wrong (for renewables) given a 600 year history of flatness.
But, that being said, I wouldn't want to over-generalize economists as all being in group think, that is clearly not the case. But I do think of Michael Lynch, with whom I have debated in private and on a semi-private email list. He thinks that all one needs to do is have the oil prices rise and and oil will veritably flow from them pore spaces.
The problem the Club of Rome faced was that they were too early, the press got it all wrong, and that then discredited them in the eyes of policy makers.
Good to see you here Glenn. I hope you make future contributions.
FYI, Glenn and I go back a ways. We have had peak oil discussions going back several years now. We are also both from small Oklahoma towns, both work in the oil industry, and were both raised as Creationists before shunning that belief as adults. So, we have found ourselves running in similar circles for a long time.
Now you let it out of the bag. My mother didn't know I was one of those evil oilmen. She thought I played piano in a house with red lights
http://home.entouch.net/dmd/Oilcrisis.htm
My mother didn't know I was one of those evil oilmen. She thought I played piano in a house with red lights
You must have read that book. Check out #9 this year from my reading list:
http://r2books.blogspot.com/
Very funny at times, but also very sobering at times.
Hadn't read the book, but heard that saying for my entire career in this business. I have been on enough rigs to know that my life expectancy, should I chose to work there would be about 10 minutes. Those places are dangerous--and I did have one very, very embarassing accident on a rig--luckily, I think I have squelched the story and no one knows anymore
http://home.entouch.net/dmd/Oilcrisis.htm
There are so many "scientists" who seem not to be able to shed Creationism who are brought up with it, or oddly enough, convert to it once they "see the light"--they do the inverse of what you two did! *blink* *blink* I am amazed that someone could actually get a biology degree and become a creationist. I would think the most demented logic would break down at some point, but it seems to hold water, per se.
I'm happy you guys made it out to to the non-provincial way of viewing the world! And here's to many more who shun childish beliefs once held, for we can only hope--since we can't convince. Discussing peak oil may be difficult, but trying to take away peoples fairy tales about existence is nearly impossible.
I'm surprised there isn't some "former Creationists against Creationism" organization... There must be one, right? I probably just don't know about it.
Michael Behe published his new book recently... What makes these people tick? I just don't understand it, at that level... Still, I guess sometimes the well educated classes can be the most dense, in many respects.
There are so many "scientists" who seem not to be able to shed Creationism who are brought up with it, or oddly enough, convert to it once they "see the light"--they do the inverse of what you two did!
I have seen polls suggesting that only about 1 in 1000 biologists are actually Creationists. It's just that they are very vocal, and are trotted out at every opportunity.
Economics is about marginal costs and income and the tendency of the invisible hand to drive prices in perfect markets to that point where supply and demand intersect, leading to consumer and producer surpluses for those able to operate more efficiently. (I am not sure if I managed to encapsulate the whole of Eco 101 in one sentence there but at least I tried!). Buried in here somewhere is the notion that the price of a commodity over time in inflation adjusted terms is constant.
At the time that Adam Smith was pontificating about his invisible hand, the earth and her resources were believed to be infinite for all practical purposes, even if it was known that they weren't. This is where classical economics started and it is where all modern economics, especially neo-classical economics and Marxism have their roots.
This idea of the "infinite" nature of resources is thus very deep rooted and it permeates the thinking that drives governments and the iron triangle. Here is a 2006 quote from Nick Minchen, Finance Minister, in the Australian Parliament: “the extent to which there is exploration for; and discovery of oil, is a function of price”. It was made at the time of last years run up in prices.
"Resource economics" is a sub-discipline of modern economics where the concept of sustainability has been given some thought. It is "where utility (consumption) is non-declining through time". For this to be possible it was proposed (Hartwick) that total capital, that is non-renewable natural capital (e.g. oil) and man-made capital (knowledge and physical assets), would be held constant. The idea being that "sufficient rent" would be saved from the extraction of the non-renewable resource to invest in the man-made capital so that the rule would be observed.
And thus, overall, the neo-classical price theory could be maintained - as the non-renewable resource petered out it would smoothly be replaced by a suitable substitute. Nick Minchen went on to say in the same statement that substitutes such as oil from shale’s would become available as prices dictate.
Minchen evidently lacks an understanding of the laws of thermodynamics; and he is by no means alone. Nevertheless a number of economists, among them Herman Daly, noted the impact of increasing levels of entropy frustrating efforts to replace "low entropy"/high value non-renewable resources. Although he said this 40 years ago, it is remarkable to witness the fiascos that are corn ethanol production in the US and syncrude production from tar in Canada today in the light of what he said.
My own humble view is that to an extent these economists were right - sufficient rent earned from the extraction of oil should have been invested in real alternatives: mass transit, localization, conservation and perhaps even substitutes. If we had husbanded this precious resource and not made endless plastic junk, built a huge infrastructure around cheap flights, or insisted on driving around the city in SUV's, we might have just about achieved this. Had governments done their job, they would have abolished income taxes in favour of energy taxes and forced investment in these solutions. Prices of energy (oil and substitutes) might indeed have remained constant over time.
But we didn't. And that is why we are here. We didn't because of the great 20th century divide between Marxism and capitalism (driven by neo-classical economics) and its very deep aversion to intervention from government of any kind. To this day, neo-classical economists abhor government intervention. This is perhaps why the Hirsch Report was buried so quickly. At its heart it advocated a switch to socialism: for the high energy/oil economy to be changed into a low energy/low oil economy, with a minimum of disruption, it would have to be centrally planned.
The discipline of economics does indeed have a lot to answer for. How is it that economics demonstrably understood the problem very clearly; and yet failed to bridge this divide? How did Nick Minchen and thousands of influential people like him get half trained?
Saildog wrote:
I agree. Indulging in a little futurism:
* there will be no significant action until an obvious energy crisis hits.
* when the crisis hits, the US will try to get the Market to fix the problem (with tax incentives).
* European countries are more likely to take strong collective actions (AKA government intervention).
In Europe, governments will be able to direct scarce liquid energy resources to where they are most needed (agriculture, mass transit, medical, ...). In the US, energy will flow to where the money is, so look for class divides to increase.
This has me wondering about the electric grid: is it possible to ration electricity? (other than with price). As people substitute electricity for liquid fuel, electricity demand could surge (think plug-in hybrid cars).
AFAIK, the only way to ration electricity is with rolling blackouts to selected neighborhoods.
Don't try to predict the future. Get ready for it.
I posted part of this on another page.
One of my thoughts is that oil price will only go a bit higher then it is now, maybe $90 crude.
Then unemployment increases about 3 percent a year.
Unemployed don’t use as much oil per lack of income.
So in ten years, unemployment would only be about 35 % .
In 20 years about 65 % and so on.
Unemployment is not a problem because Bush needs cannon fodder.
So , no problem, we can have business as usual as long as you or I are not one of the unemployed.
I am preparing to be unemployed.
.
DocScience
http://www.angelfire.com/in/Gilbert1/grid.html
.
I don't know how they got half trained, but the thought just occurred to me that there is something that even economists can't call renewable--land. Say a human, standing, need 1 sq meter of space to survive. That limites the human population to 10^14 people,(assuming that one can live standing on water). or 100 trillion. At that point there is no more room for another person. Now, regardless of the price of land at that time, a higher price will not bring forth more land.
Somehow the economists fail to see this ultimate limit to growth.
http://home.entouch.net/dmd/Oilcrisis.htm
I'm afraid your thought experiment seems to break down, seismobob, as it's possible to both build towers and underground caverns to stack your hypothetical human beings vertically. Although there is a theoretical limit to how deep the caverns can be, there is no limit to the above-ground vertical towers. In fact, they can grow right up into space, limited only by the size of the universe, which is currently thought to be infinite. Therefore, we will never run out of land.
(Similarly, we will never run out of oil either, although not because supply is infinite, but because we will eventually transition to better substitutes well before the last drop is exctracted.)