49 comments on This Week in Petroleum 9-06-07
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49 comments on This Week in Petroleum 9-06-07
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Big oil made oil available. It was the big auto makers advertising their oversize gas guzzling vehicles on TV that got the US some of the worse fuel economy miles/gallon ratings in the world. It was trial lawyers forcing manufacture of heavier vehicles by claiming they were unsafe. It is unsafe to get hit by a heavier vehicle and this makes drivers of large vehicles susceptible to lawsuits for wrongful death and injury. Heavier is less fuel efficient.
While gasoline levels were described as the lowest ever, refinery utilization was low. One oil company executive explained the new low sulphur rules imposed by EPA were making plants more complex and less easy to maintain. Crude inventories were higher than this time last year.
Natural gas is so low one company was shutting in production and canceling drilling runs. Not long ago Matt Simmons was writing that natural gas was about to fall off a steep cliff of decline. Natural gas closed below $5.65. After Katrina it rose to near $15.00. In some tight shale, offshore, and deep basins it is not profitable to drill for natural gas any more.
According to the EIA the residential price of natural gas in the USA has risen steadily by 13x in 40 years. Adjusted for inflation that's a 3.25x price increase.
http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/hist/n3010us3a.htm
Historically the price of natural gas is not low at all. I'm not sure how to parse the rest of what you said.
Here's an EIA chart of consumer gas prices that shows a clear upward trend:
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/info_glance/nggraph.gif
Re: NG now at low price. My understanding is (and others here can flesh it out) that there is relatively little storage space for NG. Thus as long as "production" and consumption are roughly equal, you'll get large price swings as one is a bit more than the other at various times.
One thing that postponed the day of reckoning is the wholesale move in recent years of NG-intensive industries (ammonia fertilizer and some kinds of plastics) from the USA to other parts of the world where NG is still relatively abundant. Another cause has been the relatively mild weather in the last couple of winters. If this winter or the next one happens to be colder than what used to be called normal, expect much higher prices.
With declining extraction of NG in N.America, summers getting hotter, and an on-going well-deserved aversion to additional coal plants, it won't take many more years for the price to start staying higher. Moreover, there is a certain amount of fuel-switching possible between oil and gas, as a few power stations can use either, vehicles can be re-fitted to run on compressed NG, and home and business owners can replace a heating system that runs on one with one that burns the other. Thus, as long as NG is priced a lot less per BTU than oil, such conversion keeps happening, and that means rising NG demand that will eventually equalize the prices of oil vs gas.
Finally, remember that $5 is still a lot higher than it was a few years ago. With drilling for NG becoming less and less productive (4x the wells for the same output) that $5 price is apparently not quite enough for some drillers. That will accelerate the decline, leading to higher prices later...
I, for one, would like to see some more fleshing out. While your comments partially explain some of the recent decline in NG prices, and that's the only point at issue, they don't explain all. I am surprised to see NG come so far back off its high of 15 or 13, whatever it was.
vtpeacenik,
there's quite a bit of natural gas storage in the US. The warm winters in the US over the last two years have meant the pipelines have had plenty of gas left in storage at the end of the last two winters, so the pipelines aren't purchasing more from producers and the producers are shutting in wells and slowing down drilling.
Most of the Barnett Shale was sold to investors with a orojected wellhead price of at least $7.00 per MCF, and those wells have rapid decline in prodution.Prices that are unstable make it difficult to raise money to drill .Bob Ebersole
USA NG consumption is running at a rate that looks like 23.6 TCF for 2007, same as 2003, but mix has changed a lot, with industrial down (fertilizer etc) and electricity generation up, and growing. USA production was down from the 2003 peak in 2004/5/6 but is about back to 2003 level this year. Drilling in ca June 2002 was 1100 wells/mo and in June 2007 was ca 2800 wells/mo, so 2&1/2x the drilling for the same production. Imports from Canada are down slightly this year, while LNG imports are up just about the same amount. Storage capacity now is very close to 3.6 Tcf, excluding line pack, up about 0.04 Tcf from last year. Storage just crossed 3.0 Tcf last week, and there are 8 to 10 weeks left in the injection period, with a mild fall being forecast. Gas available for storage is likely to exceed storage capacity by 100 to 400 Bcf before the end of the injection season, and that is why prices are (temporarily) down. If by late Sept the excess looks like 400 Bcf prices are likely to drop to the point where NG is temporarily substituted for coal for some electricity production, as a way to use the excess. I'm not sure what that price is, but it is probably near or below $4.00/kcf. As noted above a string of mild winters have balanced the situation nicely for NG, keeping prices from going real high. A "normal" winter this year will leave storage at the end of the withdrawal season low enough that it will not be possible to fully replenish storage during 2008. You can then expect NG prices in late Sept/early Oct 2008 >2x the same period in 2007, with the real possibility of a much higher spike. NG prices in early spring and fall are based much more on storage vs capacity than on supply vs demand. Murray
The price where gas is substituted for coal (in terms of loading/deloading) is around £0.25/(european)Therm depending on the relative efficiences of the gas plant and coal plant - what this relates to in $/kcf I'm not sure.
I don't think trial lawyers had anything to do with the decision making in Detroit, or in Torrance. Their decision making was driven by focus groups and what certain Americans wanted, and thought they wanted. Do you have any case cites on the wrongful death lawsuits? The verdicts woudl really have to be large to offset the profits made on each Escalade.
Amen. During the past few decades, the Detroit mantra has been "The more metal, the more margin."
Increase in weight may have been a factor in the early-to-late seventies when the first bumbling steps toward safety were taken, but in the intervening years, structural design innovations and new materials would have made it possible for Detroit to cut weight and maintain safety. You need only notice that we do have light cars on the road that meet safety ratings to see this.
However, Detroit found it much more profitable to sell massive amounts of metal to drag along under Bob Suburbia's ass, so they got to promoting that the vehicles were safer and more luxurious, with the unpublicized benefit of giving them more profits.
In reality, larger vehicles are not inherently that much safer than smaller vehicles, except when you increase the aggregate quantity of larger vehicles. Then, oddly enough, the probability that two vehicles with a significant weight differential increases and the safety of the small vehicle decreases, not because of anything inherent in the small vehicle, but because of systemic risk of collision with a vehicle of larger weight increases. So while Detroit has touting safety in the individual vehicle, systemically, it has been lowering safety by increasing the spread of vehicle weights. But it is more profitable, so all is well...
[It was trial lawyers forcing manufacture of heavier vehicles by claiming they were unsafe. It is unsafe to get hit by a heavier vehicle and this makes drivers of large vehicles susceptible to lawsuits for wrongful death and injury.]
While it is always fun to bash lawyers (until you need one, then suddenly they are your best friends), this statement seems pretty inaccurate. If anything, by your argument, trial lawyers would have made heavier vehicles less common by suing drivers who drove them. And I am unaware of any development in tort law that makes driving a heavier vehicle a basis for a personal injury suit. However, you are correct that if a driver is negligent and causes injury(a basis for a tort action), the damages may be greater becaue more injury was caused by the larger vehicle. But your statement as phrased is pretty misleading.