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101 comments on A few more thoughts on Saudi and HL
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101 comments on A few more thoughts on Saudi and HL
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From an analysis of what is visible on Google Earth, I arrived at the following:
* = data incomplete
These are just rigs: many other sites being prepared for drilling, as well as recently completed wells, are visible. Most of this represents activity on a single day in May 2006. Unfortunately, there are large areas of Shedgum, Hawiyah, and Haradh covered only at low resolution. Also, except for a sliver on the eastern fringe where a few new water injection wells were being drilled, none of the Haradh III drilling is visible as the images there date to 2004.
Further analysis shows that, while there were some workovers, most of the wells going in were in fresh sites, though sometimes right in the middle of an array of existing wells. From what little KSA has published, their goals are 1) to bring in dry production to bring down the overall water cut going into a given GOSP, and 2) to minimize stranded oil pockets. Multilaterals are not drilled to the same level; they will place a well on the fringe of the dry area and drill some of the arms down dip into wet regions and some into dry. They fully expect that some will water out before others--those will be shut off.
Similar efforts are visible in Abqaiq, and I would say it just means using new technology to more fully (and economically) deplete a field. The real problem with Saudi Arabia is that there is no evidence of discoveries sufficient to replace what they've become used to as it depletes more and more. Perhaps they are just delusional about what is out there.
Joules - this is amazing! 18 rigs drilling Arab D oil seems quite a lot to me. Can you remember how long it takes them to drill a well - and translate this to rough wells / year?
9 rigs drilling Khuff gas is a lot - and I've gotten sceptical about them adding NGL to the oil count. No doubt a fair proportion of Ghawar "oil" is now NGL and this serves to mask the state of depletion of the Arab D honest to God oil.
Some months ago you sent me an image of Abqaiq - is it possible to have same with an accurate scale bar attached?
Thanks, Euan
Here you go, Euan:
Click on the image from a large version. The white vertical line is 10 km. The area of the enclosed area is 400 km^2. The green diamonds are rigs and the green dots are "new" wells.
As far as rigs go, here are excerpts from the Saudi Aramco 2006 Annual Report:
I suppose one could derive the rig residence time from this data.
I should mention here again my interpretation of what's happening. No certainty, but it fits the facts and it feels right to me.
In regard to Abqaiq, Ain Dar and Shedgum, what I think is happening is Aramco is progressively redeveloping the fields with MRC, and then shutting them down. We know from previous published data that with the depleted fields production from an MRC well only lasts a short time.
As they close down these fields (and eventually Uthmaniyah) they are starting up new fields elsewhere with the aim of maintaining a flat production profile out to 2018-2020. Somewhere around the 8-9 Mbpd mark. Euan has a graph that shows just this if you make certain assumptions for the reduction in supply for Ghawar. Its too perfect to be by chance.
Why do this? Well shutting in your best producing fields provides you with surge capacity, all the way up to the 12Mbpd that Aramco claims. You can start them up, and suck that sweet free flowing oil fast when you need to. It places SA where they want to be, in control of swing production.
Of course, you can't produce for long. Its not real fulltime capacity. But you just need ~100 days for it to count under the rules and it allows SA to meet their stated aims.
Thanks for adding this garyp, very good observations on MRC.
I'd contend that Euan's forecast of 240 Gb is as probable as Colin Campbell's 280 Gb. In the latter case that plateau could last even longer.
Gary,
Here's why I don't buy your MRC shut-in theory. May of the new MRC wells, in 'Ain Dar and Shedgum at least, are being put in wet areas with laterals extending down-dip--they are designed to get the oil before it gets left behind by the retreating flood front. Given that they probably aren't completely shutting in the whole field, it is still be depleted and the flood front is retreating--thus negating one of their stated aims.
If they want to throttle something back, it would make more sense to do this with Haradh III or even just stop production in problematic areas like Haradh I.
My view is they do indeed stop producing those fields, in order to shut in the last dregs of production as their 3Mbpd surge capacity.
If you take the assumption that they are not totally lying then 12Mpbd has to be possible to a certain extent. Given that we don't think they can achieve it for years at a time, this theory fits the facts. Abqaiq, Ain Dar & Shedgum are the highest quality reservoirs and are most likely to be able to be turned on to +3Mbpd levels quickly. Better to hold them back and maintain that surge producer capability much longer.
Haradh doesn't work since the reservoir quality is much lower, its capacity isn't high enough, and its needed to provide the base load.
In the end the only way to find out is to determine if the northern GOSPs etc are still working to full capacity. If not then either N Ghawar is in very sharp decline, or this 'late surge' hypothosis is in effect.
RE new Saudi gas wells and ELM.
It might make good sense for KSA to use their extensive gas reserves for domestic energy needs thus offsetting a good deal of domestic use of crude oil. This would tend to go counter to the ELM (Export Land Model) in that more crude would be available for export than would be otherwise were it not for massive NG development.
Right idea, but in the short term at least, wrong direction.
Because of shortfalls in domestic natural gas production, I am aware of a report that indicates that Saudi Arabia will have to divert 500,000 bpd of liquids production in in 2007 and 2008 to power plants and desalination plants. Because of this report, I was guessing at a 10% increase in Saudi liquids consumption in 2007. Note that Rembrandt put the first half of 2007 increase in consumption at +9% year over year.
Because of the natural gas situation, Saudi Arabia is looking into importing coal and into building nuclear power plants (and I assume that they are looking into LNG).
Thanks JB, fantastic!
Euan,
check out the pattern of the lateral legs in the paper that Darwinian linked to. Their complexity is astounding, they look like tree roots. It would be impossible to estimate drilling times on patterns like that without an exact map of the patterns and distances of the legs.
These must be being completed open hole without any kind of liner.
Darwinian, these kind of patterns might be improving the efficency of the original production by making sure that the oil comes out of all areas of the reservoir and preventing any area of the reservoir from being pulled too hsrd. There isn't a gas cap on the Arab D reservoir in these wells, so producing them slowly and evenly will hopefully prevent one from forming. The paper stated that no tertiary techniques had been used yet in this field. I wonder how well miscable CO2 would work?
Bob Ebersole
In the discussion at the CSIS meeting in 2004, if I remember correctly the Saudi folk said it took 63 days to drill a well. But this doesn't give the total picture.
'Ain Dar certainly has gas caps which resulted from gas injection in the late 60's and early 70's.
Joules how do I tell when a particular Google Earth image was taken?
Xeroid.
Open up the "Layers" panel in the lower left, scroll to the bottom, and open the Digital Globe folder. You will find folders for each year containing DG images for the area being viewed. Checking the box for an image displays the approximate outline for that image on the current GE view. By matching up the checkerboard pattern on the GE view with the best fit DG image, you can identify which image is being used and the date. You can easily rule out the DG images with cloudcover, but do note that the most recent images are not always used.
Joules,
Thanks, it's easy when you know how!
Xeroid.