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75 comments on It's no longer 'oil', it's 'liquids'
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GAIA Host Collective
As I have been lurking and researching since mid 2005 I figure its about time I start to contribute here as well as lurk.
Practical,
I'm not sure that you are seeing all the sides to the problem with Ethanol. No, its not going to go away, but neither should it be touted as a 'solution' to the problem of peak oil /liquids. Its hardly even a "silver b.b." as I have seen it referred to here. The mono cropping that ethanol creates is inherently dangerous:
Currently in Brazil some of the plantations are the size of "European states, these vast monocultures have replaced important eco-systems,"
http://www.commondreams.org/headlines07/0305-05.htm
"Financially, once an economy comes dependent on a single crop, it has the distinct potential of being devastate[sic] should pest or disease destroy that crop for even a single season. Environmentally, mono-cropping depletes the soil of various nutrients, permitting scant opportunity for it to replenish itself"
http://www.american.edu/ted/projects/tedcross/xagric3.htm
Add to that the lack of clear proof regarding a positive energy return on most corn based ethanols (sugar cane being an exception and to some degree cellulosic)
http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/esthag/2006/40/i06/abs/es052024...
and now include that ICE only have an efficiency of 15% on average.
http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/atv.shtml
Keep in mind that current crop yields are dependent on the FF fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides, and without them you are looking at a reduction of crop yields. So you plant more crops. Agriculture in the US currently uses 85% of the available water.
http://www.oilcrash.com/articles/eating.htm
If we increase the crop size we will quickly hit peak water.
Also, mining the soil for fuel will simply exacerbate the rate of soil depletion. It takes 500 years to create 1" of topsoil, in prairie lands the soil is being depleted 30x faster than it can be replenished.
http://www.oilcrash.com/articles/eating.htm
Add all these together and you have a reasonable argument to keep the land being as a source of food and not of fuel.
So it will still come down to the question, do you want fuel in your tank or food in your stomach?
MS in Ontario Canada
In the coming battle between the 'rightness' of our economic model, and the geological limits to growth, I have a strong suspicion that the geologic limits may win.
Currently in Brazil some of the plantations are the size of "European states, these vast monocultures have replaced important eco-systems,"
True enough and I won't even mention soy farming, but so do a lot of things we take for granted in our modern American world such as cities, roads, industry shopping malls, fast food restaurants, agriculture, raising chickens, pigs and cows to name a few. You don't seem to be interested in advocating a reduction of the eco-system impacts of all of these other things. Sounds like you are the pot that is calling the kettle black.
It doesn't have to be the way you describe it.
http://www.biofuelsnow.com/Ethanol%20From%20Sugar%20Cane.pdf
•Why is sugar cane ethanol so efficient?
•First, because of the sugar cane plant itself
•Sugar cane fixes nitrogen from the air
•The farming process
•No irrigation needed
•All energy for industrial process comes from burning bagasse
•Industrial process produces surplus electricity, sold to the grid
•Nutrients from bagasse ashes are recycled
•Nutrients from vinasse are recycled
Great presentation. Repeat after me: There is no sugar cane grown in the Amazon (slde 3). Organic sugar cane has an EROEI of of 12:1. Much better for environment and climate than oil.
It's not going to save the world, but sugar cane-based ethanol does work.
WOW what a welcome to TOD....
"You don't seem to be interested in advocating a reduction of the eco-system impacts of all of these other things. Sounds like you are the pot that is calling the kettle black."
Instantly reducing yourself to an ad hominem attack is hardly the way to engender a positive response. If you had started your response at "it doesn't have to be the way you described it" your whole response would have a different feel to it. As it stands, I have a sour taste in my mouth wrt your response and am less likely to pay attention to any science you have to back up your statements. But I will move past that and do my best.
I did concede that Ethanol will play a part (I even stated that sugar cane was an exception did have a positive energy return!!). As will all forms of renewable energy play their part. But blindly worshiping at the foot of one technology is how we became addicted to oil.
And how, by questioning the applicability of ethanol to ease world peak oil am I not "interested in advocating a reduction of the eco-system impacts of [lot of things we take for granted in our modern American world such as cities, roads, industry shopping malls, fast food restaurants, agriculture, raising chickens, pigs and cows to name a few]"?
How you could infer such a stance from one singe post (my very first here) that I am such a anti-enviro minded person?
May I pose other ethanol related questions? (or will I get attacked personally again for daring to question the role of ethanol?)
So then how do we grow sugar cane in other parts of the world then?
How much sugar cane would need to be grown organically to slip in place for oil?
How are the problems of monoculture farming avoided?
How are the problems of P&K addressed?
Wasn't I talking about corn based ethanol anyways???
MS in Ontario Canada
In the coming battle between the 'rightness' of our economic model, and the geological limits to growth, I have a strong suspicion that the geologic limits may win.
Upon second read I admit my response to you was a bit off base. It's just that as someone who lived the ethanol experience in Brazil I reacted a bit from the gut in defense of that reality. To be honest what I got from your critique was something that upsets me quite a bit, namely what I consider to be a sort of arrogance of those who have created quite a mess both ecologically and economically in their own countries to criticize others who are trying other systems.
That does not in any way mean that I advocate the use of sugarcane based ethanol as a panacea to our energy needs. Nor by the way am I a great fan of monocultures for all the reasons you mentioned and I consider myself to be an environmentalist as well. So my apologies for the bad taste in your mouth due to my response. Having said that I still would like to import the excess ethanol that Brazil has already produced and have access to that technology here in the USA. BTW I'm not stuck on the "the 'rightness' of our economic model," Quite the contrary I believe it needs serious reexamination and some of has to be discarded or at least modified. Cheers.
Enviro Tech,
Welcome to The Oil Drum! I thought your comment was well thought out and summarised the arguments against sugar cane. You missed only one other I'd mention-that sugar cane requires either peonage/slavery to keep the EROEI positive. Its subsidised in South Louisiana and Florida as part of . the hate Cuba embargo, but, only there are the returns high enough to farm sugar cane in any modern society.
Sorry you had a rude introduction. Most of the folks posting here are very decent people who evaluate your arguments and respond politely. But like almost everwhere, we attract some jerks, so it helps if you are insensitive and a bit boorish. Please don't let this dissuade you from posting again!
Bob Ebersole
Bob, You might be describing me and that's ok because I have a pretty thick skin to begin with and sometimes I have a tendency to shoot from the hip. BTW you may also have noticed that after cooling off a bit I apologized to Enviro Tech. However despite what you say about peonage/slavery being the only way to keep EROEI positive I don't believe that is true.
I have lived both in Florida and Brazil among other places and certainly am aware of the perverse social conditions that exist in some parts. They can be addressed and changed if there is political will to do so. Just for the record this is being addressed in Brazil, ironically not so much in the Land of The Free. Though I'm sure it will also happen here eventually.
I've been wondering if sweet sorghum wouldn't prove to be a better ethanol feedstock for the temperate US than corn (maize). It won't compare with tropical sugar cane, but that can't be grown in temperate zones, whereas sorghum can. In fact, sorghum can be grown everywhere that maize can, and farmers can use the same equipment to plant it. (They may need to at least modify their harvesting equipment, as what they want to harvest is the cane and not ears. This should not present an insurmountable obstacle.) My understanding is that processing of sweet sorghum would not be all that different from the processing of sugar cane.
I wouldn't expect an EROI of as high as 12:1, but even an EROI of only 4:1 (which, as best as I can determine, is getting close to what might be expected for sweet sorghum) looks a whole lot better than the <2:1 obtained from maize ethanol.
Strange that no one at all seems to be talking about this.
Yep, it is a problem. But as far as monocultures go, sugar cane is one of the best to have. There are little problems with pests and very little (if any) soild deletion. Also, an european state is normaly quite small.
Yees, that happens if an economy is dependent on a single crop, and you have an agricole economy. Nedless to say that Brazil is far from both. (Do I need to say again that an european state is normaly quite small?)
Yes, sugar cane is an exception.
Not a lot for sugar cane. Sugar cane is mostly planted on bad terrains (but not as bad as Amazon), where nothing else would grow, uses very little fertilizers and pesticides. Also, it doesn't use herbicides at all (unless you are trying to get rid of the cane, but cows are better for that task anyway).
I don't know if there are exceptions, but people don't irrigate cane.
Ethanol from sugar cane works. Get over it. The only problem you can point is that it is not enough.
I believe I DID say sugar cane works... The post before mine referred to CORN ethanol - I intended to respond primarily to THAT. I aplogize if I made that unclear
My post was written in mostly in response to CORN ethanol (plant in switchgrass and whatever else you want for corn that can be grown in temparate climates)
and for a point of reference, one of the smallest EU states is Luxemburg with a size of 999 sq miles. I know, there are other farms out there with crop fields ranging in this magnatude, but "just because others do something, doesn't make it right".
MS in Ontario Canada
In the coming battle between the 'rightness' of our economic model, and the geological limits to growth, I have a strong suspicion that the geologic limits may win.
Despite sugarcane having a higher energy return, people I know who lived in Brazil when it was started have not painted it as a giant rosy picture at the time. Also their production of sugarcane, and more soy to replace supplies from the US going to biodiesel are pushing other crops deeper into the rain forest for arable land.
Also they have a hell of a lot fewer cars which means they DRIVE a lot less than we do; we already outproduce them in ethanol (with no end in sight to our biofuels thirst, oh, unless a nice recession pushes the price of oil way back down for awhile).
http://www.sfbayoil.org/sfoa/myths/index.html