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The true great frontier, though, is not mining but recycling. Assuming that sooner or later, we WILL transition to a renewables-based sustainable economy, we MUST figure out how to close all the circles and recycle all materials. We have just barely begun to do this.
What we'll really need to do is to develop whole systems. Goods will have to be made to be not merely durable and repairable, but also easily disassembled back into their component parts. Systems will need to be created to separate items for recycling by component material, and to aggregate them for reprocessing. We are going to have to figure out how to engineer products and processes so that they can utilize 100% recycled content.
Don't say that it is impossible - we're going to have to MAKE it possible. This is going to be one of the great technological challenges of the 21st century, and it will keep plenty of scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs working.
The book "From Cradle to Cradle" talks about this.
I suspect it will not be possible to bring renewable energy systems on stream fast enough to halt the collapse of mine production rates.
From the little research I have done on this on the energy situation in UK, US, French, Japan I am relatively sure they are now past the point of no return.
Current net energy exporters may be able to build themselves a renewable energy infrastructure if they their energy resources are not seized/destroyed by war.
With ore grades dropping in many minerals over the last few decades we have been using greater and greater quantities of energy per unit resource. The Energy required to mine and process an ore rises exponentially with falling ore grade.
If we take Gold production for example the historic production rate has grown exponentially following the energy curve. But now it may fall by the double exponential because both the easy to get at high grade ore is depleting and the available net energy will be collapsing.
I guess those of us who survive this transition will learn to live happier less material lives like Nate Hagens reindeer :)
Sorry to be so pessimistic. On the bright side we can make lots of money using our acknowledge of the resource sector. We may not live to spend it or enjoy it but it will be fun while it lasts :)
Personally I do not see much of a future in recycling even though I believe that in only a few years we will recycling almost everything. Simply because production will be falling exponentially.
There is a very real risk of a "disorderly" descent. I do not believe modern "capitalist" systems in the US/UK etc. will be sufficiently resilient to prevail.
I hope mining dose adapt to using new tools and techniques but I suspect much will simply be abandoned.
P.S. sorry for the lack of reference did not have time to include them.
Domestic consumption is only a thirdish of energy used. Demand destruction aka getting fired will free up plenty of demand, we will be able to sit at home and watch tv but that will be about it, but not when its too warm or too cold. Those times we will be asleep, otherwise people get kind of cranky
I have only researched UK electricity production to date. Within 3-5 years I suspect we here in the UK will not be watching TV due to the lack of electricity.
The UK is importing all it's Uranium, approx 3/4 of its Coal and by 2016 North Sea Oil and Gas will have collapsed to a fraction of its peak level in 1999, also by then coal production will be 5-8% of current consumption.
As for the US its importing 70-75% of its Crude oil consumption + importing refined products add the energy in imported manufactured products and out sourced services and that's a lot to loose when the imports dry up (export land model).
People will be happy because after labouring all day with their hands on the land they will be too tired to watch TV or worry or notice the hunger in their bellies ;)
Yup, your having one of those days... ;o)
On the brighter side we will may new Gas pipelines from Norway and Russia, a major expansion of LNG (although noted we will be competing for this resource with every other rich Nation not on the end of a local gas pipe).
Our new nukes won't come onstream till late/early 20s -most likely scenario is that the existing capacity will be eaked out till the very last second- by which time uncertain Gas and YellowCake at $1000/pound will have quadrupeled the electricity price (if anyone has some projections on this I would be interested in seeing them).
There will be windmills everywhere and a fair amount of solar heaters and solar PV on everyones house by then too which should take some of the strain off the grid. Bush is giving $1000 dollar checks out at the mo -how much NanaSolar type PV will that buy in 10 years?
Oil at $200/barrel would be ~£1.60/litre here in the UK -tough but its now £1.05 so it is at least thinkable...
Nick.
So true! was having one of those days, it's a problem of mine :)
My own view is that things will have to be standardized, that is, one or two versions of computers or home entertainment stuff, clothing, etc.. And, further, that parts be interchangable. For example, the parts in the mini-car are interchangeable with the 1 ton truck. Finally, that these things be produced for looong production runs - like, maybe, ten years until changes are made.
I know this undercuts the idea of introducing more energy efficient models as tech advances. But my guess is that it is more energy efficient to not have to replace an item for a moderate advance.
Todd
However, to be most effective, that will require that products be designed, from the beginning, so that they can be disassembled and reclaimed, and the contents reused. While there is a lot of logic in that approach, sometimes it is hard to get that into the heads of folk who are only designing for maximum efficiency in use, and a manufacturing process that keeps the price down far enough that you can sell the product.
Recycling sounds so green. It can be if it saves or creates more resources than it uses, but there are countless examples where this is ignored. Losing money recycling, is losing resources. A town government nearby where I live decided to be environmentally friendly by recycling plastics. Everyone though this was a wonderful idea, so collection of plastic containers began. It turned out that it cost much more to do this than they gained, but they kept on doing it because it was politically correct, when in reality it was like cutting down three trees to save one. They only looked at the benefit and not the cost.
As long as recycling is profitable, it is sound and of course should be done. I just don't see it as any great solution to resource acquisition since even when it is sound, it is marginal. It reminds me of corn ethanol where the return is at best 30% as compared to the current return for oil of near 500%; it may work marginally, but it is not going to come near replacing what we have today.
Well it's currently only marginally profitable because energy and commodities are cheap. If the price of oil rises dramatically, new plastic will become more expensive relative to recycled plastic. Even if a recycling program is currently uneconomical, it could make sense to implement it if you believe the economics are likely to change. You'll have your system in place and your people accustomed to the idea.
I've actually been wondering if artificial intelligence and robotics can significantly improve recycling. Currently, only certain relatively pure waste streams can be processed. We rely on the consumer to do the separating, a hassle for which he's not reimbursed. Then additional trucks and personnel to collect it. It doesn't seem unreasonable to equip a machine with a vision system, chemical sensors, etc, and a set of flexible robotic arms, and train it to do the sorting on a general municipal waste stream. It could permit a much larger number of categories, capturing a much larger fraction of what currently heads to landfills. And it wouldn't require household sorting or a separate collection infrastructure. Maybe the AI and robotics aren't quite good enough yet, but those fields are advancing fast....
peace,
lilnev