Shit is a renewable resource. People and animals continue to create a lot of shit whether we put it in biogas digesters or not.
I'm not sure why you imagine that shit put into a biogas digester takes more energy to produce than shit which is flushed down the loo. Do you feel an energy deficit after going to the toilet?
The stuff is going to decay and produce some methane anyway, whether we bury it, put it through a sewage settling system, chuck it in the sea, or whatever.
In nature animals eat plants, the digested plants are turned into manure and urine which gets dropped onto the soil, the manure and urine break down and gives nutrients to the plants, it's a cycle. Humans currently break this cycle by removing their manure from the system and putting it through machines, because we're paranoid about disease.
The machines we put our excrement through already produce a lot of methane. The only question is whether we bother using that methane or we just discharge it into the atmosphere. Since it's 23 times as strong a greenhouse gas as the carbon dioxide it'd turn into if we burned it, it seems better to use it.
Of course, ideally we keep the sludge afterwards to be fertiliser. As this paper notes,
The annual amount of toilet waste is about 520
kg/person. This amount includes altogether 7.5 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and some micro-nutrients in a form useful for plants. If the nutrients in the faeces of one person were used for grain cultivation, it would enable the production of the annual amount of grain consumed by one person (250 kg).
In fact the faeces and urine per person varies according to diet. Urine is about 500lt annually on average, and faeces 36-100kg annually; vegetarian diets give higher volume. The faeces are useful as a soil conditioner, and the urine for its nutrients (the traditional nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium of artificial fertilisers).
The stuff is going to decay and produce some methane anyway, whether we bury it, put it through a sewage settling system, chuck it in the sea, or whatever. ...
The machines we put our excrement through already produce a lot of methane. The only question is whether we bother using that methane or we just discharge it into the atmosphere. Since it's 23 times as strong a greenhouse gas as the carbon dioxide it'd turn into if we burned it, it seems better to use it.
Thanks - that was one of my main points - this methane is getting produced and we might as well make use of it - in some cases we'll actually be cleaning up festering and polluting eyesores (aka the burning poo mountains).
The fact that we end up producing less total greenhouse gas (in terms of effect) is just another bonus.
On a semi-related note, given the scatological bent of this thread, here's a post from WorldChanging which includes a DIY home fertiliser manufacturing kit - you pass your urine through it and voila - happy house plants...
It is important to reduce the volume poo generated in the world, as it wastes the energy in food (from body heat and methane generation), and much of food comes from natural gas/fertilizer, so poo wastes natural gas and also oil that was used to plant and harvest. In short, animals are very wasteful of energy in comparison to growing vegetables and grain. When there is poo, get it into the ground as fast as possible to reduce the generation of methane, or dry it as fast as possible to reduce the generation of methane. And don't give others a lot of #$%@.
CJ, very few on this board would argue that industrialized meat industry isn't oversized and way out of balance, not the least because of the degrading quality of food that we end up with, as well as the inputs, the pharma Hormone and Antibiotic components, as well as the mountainous wastes at the other end. It doesn't change the fact that we raise all sorts of animals, and will continue to do so. We raise chickens, pigs, cows, horses, oxen, rabbits, Bison, Ostriches, Sheep, Goats, Turkeys etc, etc. Even if the industrial scaling of these operations is brought back into balance, the fact will remain that we have all sorts of waste matter from both humans and animals, and we can use it BOTH as Fertilizer and for Digesting the Methane for other energy needs. Beyond that is the use of probably much MORE scrap material from plant sources, and which again, is NOT pulled from the growing cycle, as it is returned to the fields as compost later on.
Having fairly large operations such as 500 dairy cows gives a rational biogas plant and a small cluster of such would be good for an economical gas treatment plant to get the biogas up to wehicle gas specification.
A central purpose of TOD should be to advise people to do wise things regarding food and energy, like reducing the use of animals for food and dairy products. So, I suggest we do that, rather than advise people to keep on wasting energy by raising animals and then implement another techno-fix that wastes energy and fertilizer.
You are not wasting the fertilizer! Just take the 'Jean Pain' example, if you still want to ignore ALL the other ones posted here, and show me how the fertilizer was wasted. If you cannot, then stop saying that. Are you seven? what is up with you?
You are capturing energy that is OTHERWISE wasted!
Alright, other readers are probably fed up with my trying to communicate with you.
Well - I'd like to commend you for your persistence - sometimes when people dogmatically insist on something, no matter how wrong, it does end up influencing those reading.
Mate, you're on the internet. Complete stranger, words on a screen. Get up from your chair, walk around outside for a bit, have a cup of coffee, relax. Return refreshed and with perspective. Or you could just remember to take your Hard Pills (TM) in the morning.
If you are talking to me then I would like to point out that you have been completely disrespectful to me (and TOD) since this thread started and you have made one incorrect statement after another.
If your accuracy and your manners improve I may start to show you some respect in return.
This isn't "bias" - its a simple case of being treated the way you treat others. Get over it.
Also, after crap has gone through a digester the sludge that remains is pretty mineral rich. In some cases it makes a good fertilizer (although you have to watch the salt level as you do with manure) on its own or is easy to process into a good fertilizer.
On the contrary, I have much to say. Please stop your personal attacks in saying "You have nothing to say." I have not ignored ALL of the other biogas projects, as you say. I was a professor of political science at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) until January 2008, and I am well informed about the use of natural gas from a not-so-local land fill, and I commented so on this post today. Even in this case I have doubts about what was accomplished. A pipe line was constructed from Rochester, NH to Durham, NH. That is laying some 20 miles of pipe. The natural gas, oil, and coal used to make 20 miles of pipe and transport it many miles from where it was made is significant, and the diesel used in digging and the gasoline in transportation is significant. Add to that all of the people who were employed in making the pipe, transporting it, making the equipment that dug deep trenches and channeled the pipe under the Cocheco River -- all of those employees who make a salary and will spend it and thus use more oil. The companies where the stuff is manufactured use oil and natural gas to heat factories and offices, and they all use electricity. Imagine how many hundreds of people are involved in the companies that make pipe and dig and move land -- land moving trucks, pick up trucks, back loaders, back hoes, etc. Think of all of the people commuting to all of these jobs. Think of all of the administrative and clerical personnel in all of these companies, and all of the profits that will go to stockholders. And the salaries and profits will go on car or air travel vacations, trips to the mall or whatever. The digging, welding, architectural firms, etc. And all of the time spent on this means time is not spent on other projects that could save energy. When I was chair of the Energy Policy Committee at UNH, the head of the energy office and I estimated that we could save a million dollars per year just by implementing a program to get students and faculty to shut windows in classrooms at the end of night classes. It is common to walk by big classroom buildings with most of the windows open ALL NIGHT LONG when it is 10 degrees outside -- just pouring out the heat from #6 fuel oil into the air. The administration ignored our plans, they probably were not sexy enough and they would have to work at it on a regular basis. The million dollars a year in 1985 is probably 5 million today. That is a lot of #6 oil over 22 years ... that is a lot of oil. So now they have a natural gas project that is very sexy (and their careers will be advanced), but will it save much energy, I doubt it. No one knows how many years the land fill will generate gas, I doubt many years. They could save a lot more energy by educating students, faculty and administrators about the need to close windows, but that wouldn't be sexy. Good grief!
It is best to quit fooling around with trying to control nature. We've can't win that battle. Most of these techno-fixes are wasting energy, not conserving it. The problem is the continued quest to use more energy from fossil fuels (most farm waste gets its energy originally from fertilizer/natural gas). Quit using a lot of energy in making pipe and equipment and quit wasting energy on farm waste and instead put it into the ground where it will do some good, but it isn't very sexy.
Well Clif, you've finally said something new. I'm sorry I said you had nothing to say, but from the last several DOZEN posts, that was the only conclusion I could come to. And with your final conclusion to this one, I probably won't take this much further. How many times have people said that the effluent FROM many of these systems went back INTO THE GROUND as fertilizer?! If you can say it's not good fertilizer, then say it. But giving jobs to people laying pipe, making pipe, mining metals for pipe? If it's a durable system to carry a completely renewable energy supply, then why is that not a healthy investment?
The above was a Good story, and I'm sorry to hear that UNH was unwilling to work on some of the most basic efficiency measures. Their loss and ours. I'm going over to USM (Southern Maine) This morning for a symposium "Preparing Our Region for a Sustainable Energy Future".. they have an Energy Efficiency and Renewables/Sustainability program led by Dudley Greeley which has made a lot of noise and impact in the College Community there. They do use PV and Solar Hot Water Collectors, but this is not the beginning or the end of their effort. Basic, personal habits, reduction of waste everywhere Dudley could find it has made him respected and frequently just barely tolerated in his zealousness there, but he has managed to get the program going very well, and has served USM in many ways.
Your objections still aren't making your point. This pipeline in NH might have been a huge waste, who knows? Make that the story and show us how.. but to lump it together with the whole category, where example after example have shown modest infrastructure and clear benefits .. you come off as a crank, unwilling to hear the idea that there is a balancing point, and ways to apply this with reasonable inputs and get useful returns.
Shit is a renewable resource. People and animals continue to create a lot of shit whether we put it in biogas digesters or not.
I'm not sure why you imagine that shit put into a biogas digester takes more energy to produce than shit which is flushed down the loo. Do you feel an energy deficit after going to the toilet?
The stuff is going to decay and produce some methane anyway, whether we bury it, put it through a sewage settling system, chuck it in the sea, or whatever.
In nature animals eat plants, the digested plants are turned into manure and urine which gets dropped onto the soil, the manure and urine break down and gives nutrients to the plants, it's a cycle. Humans currently break this cycle by removing their manure from the system and putting it through machines, because we're paranoid about disease.
The machines we put our excrement through already produce a lot of methane. The only question is whether we bother using that methane or we just discharge it into the atmosphere. Since it's 23 times as strong a greenhouse gas as the carbon dioxide it'd turn into if we burned it, it seems better to use it.
Of course, ideally we keep the sludge afterwards to be fertiliser. As this paper notes,
In fact the faeces and urine per person varies according to diet. Urine is about 500lt annually on average, and faeces 36-100kg annually; vegetarian diets give higher volume. The faeces are useful as a soil conditioner, and the urine for its nutrients (the traditional nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium of artificial fertilisers).
Maybe we could just hook cj up to a bio-gas digestor. Hes seems to be full of it. ;)
This says more about you, than me. Personal attacks rather dealing with the issues.
Thanks - that was one of my main points - this methane is getting produced and we might as well make use of it - in some cases we'll actually be cleaning up festering and polluting eyesores (aka the burning poo mountains).
The fact that we end up producing less total greenhouse gas (in terms of effect) is just another bonus.
On a semi-related note, given the scatological bent of this thread, here's a post from WorldChanging which includes a DIY home fertiliser manufacturing kit - you pass your urine through it and voila - happy house plants...
http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/007883.html
It is important to reduce the volume poo generated in the world, as it wastes the energy in food (from body heat and methane generation), and much of food comes from natural gas/fertilizer, so poo wastes natural gas and also oil that was used to plant and harvest. In short, animals are very wasteful of energy in comparison to growing vegetables and grain. When there is poo, get it into the ground as fast as possible to reduce the generation of methane, or dry it as fast as possible to reduce the generation of methane. And don't give others a lot of #$%@.
CJ, very few on this board would argue that industrialized meat industry isn't oversized and way out of balance, not the least because of the degrading quality of food that we end up with, as well as the inputs, the pharma Hormone and Antibiotic components, as well as the mountainous wastes at the other end. It doesn't change the fact that we raise all sorts of animals, and will continue to do so. We raise chickens, pigs, cows, horses, oxen, rabbits, Bison, Ostriches, Sheep, Goats, Turkeys etc, etc. Even if the industrial scaling of these operations is brought back into balance, the fact will remain that we have all sorts of waste matter from both humans and animals, and we can use it BOTH as Fertilizer and for Digesting the Methane for other energy needs. Beyond that is the use of probably much MORE scrap material from plant sources, and which again, is NOT pulled from the growing cycle, as it is returned to the fields as compost later on.
Bob
Having fairly large operations such as 500 dairy cows gives a rational biogas plant and a small cluster of such would be good for an economical gas treatment plant to get the biogas up to wehicle gas specification.
A central purpose of TOD should be to advise people to do wise things regarding food and energy, like reducing the use of animals for food and dairy products. So, I suggest we do that, rather than advise people to keep on wasting energy by raising animals and then implement another techno-fix that wastes energy and fertilizer.
I would rather eat more mostly grass fed beef that during the summer grazed land that has been grazed for more then a thousand years.
CJ!!!
You are not wasting the fertilizer! Just take the 'Jean Pain' example, if you still want to ignore ALL the other ones posted here, and show me how the fertilizer was wasted. If you cannot, then stop saying that. Are you seven? what is up with you?
You are capturing energy that is OTHERWISE wasted!
Alright, other readers are probably fed up with my trying to communicate with you.
You have nothing to say.
Well - I'd like to commend you for your persistence - sometimes when people dogmatically insist on something, no matter how wrong, it does end up influencing those reading.
But hopefully your point has been made now.
.. and hopefully the point was right, too.
I'm happy to get rebuttals, that's how I can learn here.
Thanks,
Bob
Your comments indicate a negative bias toward me. If you can't comport yourself in a more professional fashion you should resign your position at TOD.
Mate, you're on the internet. Complete stranger, words on a screen. Get up from your chair, walk around outside for a bit, have a cup of coffee, relax. Return refreshed and with perspective. Or you could just remember to take your Hard Pills (TM) in the morning.
If you are talking to me then I would like to point out that you have been completely disrespectful to me (and TOD) since this thread started and you have made one incorrect statement after another.
If your accuracy and your manners improve I may start to show you some respect in return.
This isn't "bias" - its a simple case of being treated the way you treat others. Get over it.
Also, after crap has gone through a digester the sludge that remains is pretty mineral rich. In some cases it makes a good fertilizer (although you have to watch the salt level as you do with manure) on its own or is easy to process into a good fertilizer.
On the contrary, I have much to say. Please stop your personal attacks in saying "You have nothing to say." I have not ignored ALL of the other biogas projects, as you say. I was a professor of political science at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) until January 2008, and I am well informed about the use of natural gas from a not-so-local land fill, and I commented so on this post today. Even in this case I have doubts about what was accomplished. A pipe line was constructed from Rochester, NH to Durham, NH. That is laying some 20 miles of pipe. The natural gas, oil, and coal used to make 20 miles of pipe and transport it many miles from where it was made is significant, and the diesel used in digging and the gasoline in transportation is significant. Add to that all of the people who were employed in making the pipe, transporting it, making the equipment that dug deep trenches and channeled the pipe under the Cocheco River -- all of those employees who make a salary and will spend it and thus use more oil. The companies where the stuff is manufactured use oil and natural gas to heat factories and offices, and they all use electricity. Imagine how many hundreds of people are involved in the companies that make pipe and dig and move land -- land moving trucks, pick up trucks, back loaders, back hoes, etc. Think of all of the people commuting to all of these jobs. Think of all of the administrative and clerical personnel in all of these companies, and all of the profits that will go to stockholders. And the salaries and profits will go on car or air travel vacations, trips to the mall or whatever. The digging, welding, architectural firms, etc. And all of the time spent on this means time is not spent on other projects that could save energy. When I was chair of the Energy Policy Committee at UNH, the head of the energy office and I estimated that we could save a million dollars per year just by implementing a program to get students and faculty to shut windows in classrooms at the end of night classes. It is common to walk by big classroom buildings with most of the windows open ALL NIGHT LONG when it is 10 degrees outside -- just pouring out the heat from #6 fuel oil into the air. The administration ignored our plans, they probably were not sexy enough and they would have to work at it on a regular basis. The million dollars a year in 1985 is probably 5 million today. That is a lot of #6 oil over 22 years ... that is a lot of oil. So now they have a natural gas project that is very sexy (and their careers will be advanced), but will it save much energy, I doubt it. No one knows how many years the land fill will generate gas, I doubt many years. They could save a lot more energy by educating students, faculty and administrators about the need to close windows, but that wouldn't be sexy. Good grief!
It is best to quit fooling around with trying to control nature. We've can't win that battle. Most of these techno-fixes are wasting energy, not conserving it. The problem is the continued quest to use more energy from fossil fuels (most farm waste gets its energy originally from fertilizer/natural gas). Quit using a lot of energy in making pipe and equipment and quit wasting energy on farm waste and instead put it into the ground where it will do some good, but it isn't very sexy.
Well Clif, you've finally said something new. I'm sorry I said you had nothing to say, but from the last several DOZEN posts, that was the only conclusion I could come to. And with your final conclusion to this one, I probably won't take this much further. How many times have people said that the effluent FROM many of these systems went back INTO THE GROUND as fertilizer?! If you can say it's not good fertilizer, then say it. But giving jobs to people laying pipe, making pipe, mining metals for pipe? If it's a durable system to carry a completely renewable energy supply, then why is that not a healthy investment?
The above was a Good story, and I'm sorry to hear that UNH was unwilling to work on some of the most basic efficiency measures. Their loss and ours. I'm going over to USM (Southern Maine) This morning for a symposium "Preparing Our Region for a Sustainable Energy Future".. they have an Energy Efficiency and Renewables/Sustainability program led by Dudley Greeley which has made a lot of noise and impact in the College Community there. They do use PV and Solar Hot Water Collectors, but this is not the beginning or the end of their effort. Basic, personal habits, reduction of waste everywhere Dudley could find it has made him respected and frequently just barely tolerated in his zealousness there, but he has managed to get the program going very well, and has served USM in many ways.
Your objections still aren't making your point. This pipeline in NH might have been a huge waste, who knows? Make that the story and show us how.. but to lump it together with the whole category, where example after example have shown modest infrastructure and clear benefits .. you come off as a crank, unwilling to hear the idea that there is a balancing point, and ways to apply this with reasonable inputs and get useful returns.
Bob
That's right, the central purpose of TOD is to promote vegetarianism, rather than energy solutions.
Yes indeed, and as cjwirth has just shown, people can of course *talk* this valuable substance as well ...