225 comments on Food to 2050
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Thank you Stuart. Enlightening and encouraging - though I'm very interested to know what you make of the water situation.
Water is indeed key. Transpiration of water from the soil and out through the leaves delivers the nutrients necessary for plant growth and seed formation. Given that many aquifers worldwide are being depleted for agriculture and that climate models suggest altered rainfall patterns (including more variability) in the future due to climate change, projecting continued crop yield increases decades out without considering where the water will come from is problematic. You need more water for higher yields, not less.
Global Food Security: Challenges and Policies
Science 302, 1917 (2003);
Mark W. Rosegrant, et al.
I read your reference. The sentence you quoted is isolated, and is not supported by any data or references. I'm not aware of data which supports the idea that yield growth has slowed in "much" of the world, unless you consider the steady continuation of a linear growth pattern to be a decline in growth rate, in which case both demand and supply growth have been declining at roughly comparable rates.
First, here's something for everybody:
http://www.ifpri.org/2020/focus/focus09/focus09_02.asp
Next, here are two from an entire issue of Nature which speaks to the broader question of increasing yields:
doi:10.1038/nature01015
Enhancing the crops to feed the poor
Jikun Huang*, Carl Pray† & Scott Rozelle‡
NATURE | VOL 418 | 8 AUGUST 2002
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6898/abs/nature01015.html
Specifically addressing the water problem:
Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices
David Tilman*, Kenneth G. Cassman‡, Pamela A. Matson§ ||, Rosamond Naylor|| & Stephen Polasky†
NATURE | VOL 418 | 8 AUGUST 2002
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6898/abs/nature01014.html
I don't have convenient access to Nature papers, but the abstract of the paper you cited says:
which sounds about right. To repeat myself, my contention is that the only sense in which yields are slowing down, is that the growth has been pretty much a straight line for fifty years. Since food demand is also growing pretty much linearly, this is what has allowed the two to stay in fairly good equilibrium. I see no sign of departure from that straight-line. If you want to dispute that, you need some data. Quoting sentences out of context is not really advancing the discussion.
I will reserve my comments on water issues for a future occasion, as I indicated.
Figure 1 of the first Nature paper shows the following:
Cereal Yields (growth rate %)
Sown Area (growth rate %)
Figure 1 Annual growth rate of cereal yields and sown area in developing and
developed countries, 1977–2001. Data from Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations.
I'm not arguing that yield increases will stop, but you seem to be saying that "if everything keeps getting better like it has it the past", then we should be fine. I definitely question the premise that climate change and peak oil will not seriously challenge your straight line hypothesis.
I believe the point at issue is that I am asserting that it has been a straight line for the last forty years, and that has not changed at present. I believe you have yet to present any evidence to the contrary.
I was just defending my original comment and quoted sentence, and it seems to me that the data I put in the table does that. But in the event that I am misguided and that past yield trends do portend a similar future, I guess I can start believing in graphs such as this:
I posted these numbers below earlier today, but this thread is touching on this subject;
From the FAO database, selecting global agricultural output, and dropping off minor countries that didn't report until later in the 1990s;
http://faostat.fao.org/site/601/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=601
1992 4022.14
1993 4200.31
1994 3998.06
1995 4027.96
1996 4072.65
1997 4109.69
1998 4056.5
1999 4025.72
2000 3980.68
2001 3993.63
2002 3981.28
2003 3857.04
2004 4139.75
2005 4057.07
2006 3957.06
We see that agricultural production is not growing, but actually slightly declining 2000-2006 when compared to 1993-1999. Yield/capita is in a much steeper decline. So any assumption of continuing yield growth, especially per capita, is not supported by the data.
Again you give no units. What do the numbers mean?
In 2003 the DG of the FAO said,
The units are Production Index Numbers, where the net production quantity of each commodity produced in the current year is weighted by the 1989-91 average per unit international commodity prices and summed for each year. To obtain the index, the aggregate for a given year is divided by the average for the base period 1989-91 where q0 is the net production quantity in the base period. Mathematical fonts don't seem to work here, so if you want a fuller description, see page 6 of http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/123456789/3310/1/wp030002.pdf
Your 2003 quote is out-of-date and has no supporting data for current trends, which is the subject of this thread.
Ah, so when commodity prices go up, the index goes down. So for a decline in the index, we could be talking not about a decline in food production, but a rise in price.
Which everyone knows already - we're producing more food than ever, but it's getting more expensive, price pushed up by demand for livestock and biofuel feeds.
The 2003 quote, rather than being "out of date" is very relevant; 2003 is the year of the lowest index in your given series. So even when food was most scarce and/or most expensive, still the DG of the FAO was saying there was plenty.
Just take a look at the FAO's world food situation page. A glance down the reports and articles tells us that the issues are a shortage of fertiliser, and rising prices. Not a lack of food being produced. There's also a fear that some regions could lose production due to climate change. Could - not will.
A closer look at one of the articles gives us a few key quotes.
And so on. Nowhere do they mention "lower production" on a global scale. This or that country produces more or less, but the total production of grains, oils, sugar and so on continues to rise.
Nobody is going hungry because there's not enough food. They're going hungry because their area has trouble growing it (eg in the Sahel in West Africa) and because they're too poor to buy it.
> Ah, so when commodity prices go up, the index goes down.
No, let me try it again. Take a look at the reference to the Production Index Numbers I provided above, it's based on Laspeyres formula, which cannot be shown here due to mathematical font limitations.
Easier to understand information sources about how consumption is outstripping supply (even before the biofuels rush) include;
"In the agricultural year that ends with harvest season in 2008, the world will again consume more grain than it harvests. That will be the third year in a row and the seventh year out of the past eight when consumption has outstripped production." http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Investing/JubaksJournal/ProfitFromR...
> Which everyone knows already - we're producing more food than ever
which appears to be in conflict with
>weather-related production shortfalls [eg drought in Australia leading to lower production...]
I don't see any data that supports the former statement, though I have personally seen information on the latter.
So if more meat is being produced, are you counting the grains that are fed to the livestock as food available for human consumption?
> Nobody is going hungry because there's not enough food.
I don't see any data provided by you to support this assertion. Do you mean that drawing down grainstocks to make up for insufficient production is a sustainable trend?
More grain is produced each year than the last, on average. Grain is "food".
Now, we choose to give some of that grain to livestock, and some to biofuels. That given to biofuels no longer counts as "food." But the meat and milk does. The meat and milk have been rising from year to year.
If you take the total grain consumed directly by humans, add in all the meat and milk products, and the beans and oils, and the fruit and vegetables, then divide that by the population of the day, what you get more and more nutrition available year by year.
However, the food is not divided equally. There are 1,000 million overweight people in the West, and 800 million hungry people in the Third World. These numbers are probably not a coincidence.
The facts of ever-increasing grain, meat, milk product, beans and oils, and fruit and vegetable production are public information at the FAO site. However, they're separated into several different reports, especially "World Food Outlook". Go look.
That there's lower production of grain in this or that country does not mean there's lower production in the whole world. Don't be deliberately obtuse.
The issue of world grain stocks being lowered was already addressed in the paper I linked to. Look again, the word "stocks" is even bolded for you. It's too expensive to store them, and they don't really need to store as much, so they don't bother, they just sell them off. I don't see why I should go through that whole fucking site pulling out all the numbers when you don't even fully read a post here.
> If you take the total grain consumed directly by humans, add in all the meat and milk products, and the beans and oils, and the fruit and vegetables, then divide that by the population of the day, what you get more and more nutrition available year by year.
This is an assertion without data; how do you calculate the "total grain consumed directly by humans"? What total ag production figures are you referencing (be specific, please)? What population numbers are you using since 1990? With those answers, what trends do you see in this (21st) century?
The data's there at the FAO world food outlook. Go look it up. If you want a research assistant, I take paypal.
I've looked and seen nothing that substantiates your assertion. If you support your assertion, we can consider the data you present.
I will reserve my comments on water issues for a future occasion, as I indicated.
As someone who has tried to make a profit (or recover costs) with irrigated farming I have some thoughts. In the arid west, you do not purchase land for farming, you purchase water rights that happen to have some land attached. All food production is dependent on water, the soil is merely a structure to support the roots and plant structure and allow absorption of water and nutrients. No water = no food.
The production of food in the future should utilize a Hubbert analysis to determine the impact of peak irrigation water on food production. Much of the increased production is due to the mining of fossil water that is in decline. There is also the impact of the Export Land Model where irrigation water is diverted to other uses, power production, city consumption, recreation. The availability of water is probably a production limit reached before fertilizer or oil.
The earliest impact on food production may still be climate change. You have addressed the potential impact of global warming. There are also arguments that support global cooling. Global cooling may have larger impacts on food production than global warming, see the mini ice age approximately 1400 AD.
Here is a very good article (freely available) addressing the additional impact of climate change:
Implications of Atmospheric and Climatic Change for Crop Yield and Water Use Efficiency
Crop Science 42:131-140 (2002)
http://crop.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/42/1/131
(click the PDF link at right)
Impact of climate change on food production:
The Day China Runs Dry
http://www.eeo.com.cn/ens/Observer/2008/02/29/92990.html
You have the same problem in the US southwest with snow pack. I'm trying to get my family to move out of that area. These are things I think Stuart should have included with this first version. No water, no food. Anything after than is just a mental exercise.
Cheers
I do not find Staniford's essays enlightening. He is the Oil Drum's own Dr Pangloss. His work is interesting only insofar as it is useful to keep up on the spin used by incorrigible Micawbers as the planet's crises deepen.
Stuart draws together multiple disciplines and threads into a single coherent view. It may not be your view - but at least it sparks thought. This is a valuable contribution, and one that I appreciate, as it certainly helps me with my own attempts to construct a single coherent picture.
Yeah, I mean it's not like anyone should appreciate an intelligent person using actual data and reasoned argument to contradict our quasi-religious faith-based doomer beliefs, is it? Jeez.
Exactly. Abandon all hope ye who enter here...
Yep, by 2050 the oil needed to plant, harvest, and transport will be in such short supply, that the power grid will have failed long ago and much of the U.S. will have frozen and starved to death. Solar power and electric gadgets will not do the trick. I am always amazed at the power of denial and self delusion, even among those who have some formal education.
cj- say we don't need oil to grow crops? suppose we use electric tractors or steam tractors?
what if we use hydroponics.
please tell us why the grid will fail?
Right, I can see that big combine that has a 400 hp engine being powered by batteries, for a kilometer or 2, and we can use cow pies to power the steam tractors. The power grid will fail when coal is not mined and transported, and as natural gas and oil are depleted. Sorry, John, but your solar toys will not be manufactured when oil goes so high that all oil will be used for survival. And the capital for implementation of the solar dream is just not there. So dream on, but it won't happen. Illusion is what we want to happen, reality is what actually happens, as Colin Campbell wrote -- about those who could not face the reality of Peak Oil.
What do you mean that the capital is not there? Are viable projects going unfunded now? It doesn't seem like it. The world appears to be awash in capital. The current economic problems could impact some of that temporarily. But, it does seem safe to say that availability of capital is not now, and does not seem likley to be, a barrier to overhauling our energy infrastructure.
With people like the folks behind shadowgovernmentstats saying an inflationary depression within two years, I think the question of capital is legit.
Cheers
Doomers saying there will be doom proves there will be doom?
That's pretty weak.
Doomers? Please don't just toss about silly comments. We aren't talkin about Peak Oil activists. Perhaps if you watched some videos and visited their website?
http://www.eurotrib.com/comments/2008/1/1/202944/4797/11
As to Depression, here's another possible bit of the picture from shadowgovernmentstatistics:
"In publishing its six-month and triennial survey of global outstanding derivatives, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) showed the June 2007 balance at $516.4 trillion, up by 39.8% from June 2006. With the total notional amount of derivatives outstanding in the global markets now at $0.5 quadrillion, the risks of systemic liquidity implosion are well beyond anything ever seen before. Of course, these estimates are from before the onset of the financial-system solvency crisis."
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwH7NHU_KkM An interview with Glenn Beck.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dR7h8NBQU3E&feature=related CNN interview.
http://www.shadowstats.com/
Yeah. Real nutbags over there at shadowstats. Do yourself a favor: if you've nothing to say, don't post.
Cheers
First face reality, it was your comment that was lacking in fact or analysis. I said that there does not appear to be any lack of capital for NPV positive energy projects. You seem to have gotten quite upset and have called me silly, but haven't even tried to refute my point. I suggest a few deep breathes.
Shadow statistics may or not be doomers. They may or may not have a point. However just claiming that they say things are going to be bad (which I am sure they always say)is not a coherent counterpoint to my statement that there is ample capital for profitable projects.
I know that at any given time there are a huge amounts of people predicting that some form of bad thing is looming (see, I avoided using the word doom). I also know how easy it is to google up a whole pile of them. There are also an enorous number of people saying everything will be fine. For example, the Anderson Forecast at UCLA just said that they do not even expect a recession. I happen to be a bit more pessimistic. I do think there will be a pretty tough US recession, but we will see some recovery in 2009 and be back to normal by 2010. That puts me pretty much in line with consensus. I haven't heard anyone forecasting that global growth will slow down yoy or fall below 5% or so.
I know that you inflation guys and goldbugs treat this stuff like a religion. I didn't mean to insult you or set you off on your little fervor.
However, we are just months past a renewable energy boom market with capital pouring in from a wide range of sources. Massive funds from Asia and the Middle East are currently scouring the globe for investment opportunities. As I noted below, the investment that Robert Rapier estimates is required adds up to about 2% of US GDP for the next 20 years.
I find that when people get hysterical and then link to everything they can find to try to answer a simple question, it means they have a high level of conviction and a low level of knowledge. If you actually have an argument for why there will not be capital for future energy projects, see if you can walk me through it all by yourself.
There is a spiral cost problem where projects that looked cost effective keep rising in price as cost of energy drives up the cost of all materials. Although there may be a lot of money for many kinds of projects, most will not go, if people think that they will not be profitable after all.
.
Besides a few other factors, a major part of the problems on these examples below were costs.
.
.
DocScience
http://www.angelfire.com/in/Gilbert1/tt.html
I don't disagree with any of this. It is clear that almost all large projects have overun budgets and failed to meet planning timelines.
It does seem that in certain sectors, these factors can permanently slow or stop development. The refining sector was always the best example, although huge new capacity in India and China have changed that somewhat. LNG also has its own issues.
It may well be that there are no solutions, or that the ones that exist can not be done profitably. I am not claiming that everything looks rosy.
However, if there is a pathway to a future energy system that could be developed at a profit, I have seen no evidence that availability of capital would be a barrier.
I am bothered by this circular doom assumption that takes as a starting point that the world is ending, then uses that to prove that no solutions are possible.
"I have seen no evidence that availability of capital would be a barrier."
Upthread you dismissed the possibility of a depression and predicted a small US recession.
If such a depression/deep recession did come to fruition, how would that effect capital availability?
If there were to be a depression in the US, which to my knowledge no major economic forecaster is calling for, things would obviously change. Firstly energy use would plummet making a large-scale transition to another system far less urgent and probably less profitable. In this regard, I would expect it to delay both the need and the ability to finance energy projects.
I do expect the next year is going to be very painful for the US. I think financial institutions could fail, people will lose their homes and jobs, etc. I would not be surprised to see three quarters of GDP shrinkage and/or a full year of negative growth. This is a pretty serious recession (meaning not a "small recession") and worse than most forecasters with a significant track record are expecting. However, I would not be surprised if it were milder.
However, I do view this as cyclical and consistent with the historical record of credit getting too loose, then blowing up. But this is the nature of market economies. I feel sorry for the individuals involved, but don't think the US should have immunity from economic downturns. I was in Thailand during the 1997 crisis and know how bad it can be. I also know that it is temporary and unless policies prevent it, economies will recover.
It is possible that the problem spreads to Europe or even Asia. Anything can happen and it is very hard to assign probabilities to specific good or bad scenarios. Note credit markets in most of Asia do not seem to have been infected by the sub-prime crisis at all. At this point the global economy looks pretty sound and seems likely to grow at or near trend rates.
Unless there is a paradigm shifting crisis in the US, the economy will come back and energy projects will again become necessary. At the end of the day, capital is essentially infinite. As long as there are profitable projects (on a risk adjusted basis), there will be capital to fund them.
Interesting the difference in response to the same point made by different people.
One name: John Williams.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dR7h8NBQU3E
Cheers
Maybe I just misunderstood your reply. But as far as I can tell you didn't reply to my question.
Would a depression dry up the capital needed for major energy infrastructure investment?
Of course it would, for the US.
In the 1930s, capital was available for the New Deal in the US, and in the 1940s for the Marshall Plan, simply because though lots of companies collapsed, still there was little public or private debt, and the US imported more than it exported, money was coming in. So in all there remained a fair bit of spare cash about.
But now the US has a $13.5 trillion GDP, $9 trillion of government debt, $11 trillion of private $500 trillion (no, not a typo, that's five hundred) of credit derivatives (ie, debt), a $1 trillion government deficit and approaching $1 trillion current account deficit.
Thus, not counting the $500 trillion in dodgy stuff that'll probably end up written off, there's a total debt of 150% of GDP, increasing at least 15% annually.
There's just not spare cash around for the US.
Now, the rest of the world, that's a different matter.
That's a pretty horrible debt situation in the US, and things aren't much better in the UK.
The Anglo-Saxon economies, and perhaps their financial systems, are certainly under severe stress at the present time.
Should Iraq be followed by further adventures into Iran, then it is difficult to see a good outcome.
The wheels are likely to come off in those two economies, I would have thought.
But as a British politician, I believe Walpole remarked when accused of ruining the country: 'There is a lot of ruin in a country!'
Italy, for instance, has staggered on for years with what everyone thought were clearly unsustainable levels of debt.
The UK is a bit better off than the US because it's cushioned by being part of the EU. If things went arse-up for the UK economy and currency you could just quickly change to the Euro ;)
Italy likewise is backed by the EU, just the indirect backing means it's unlikely to ever really go to shit.
The US's best hope at the moment is that the rest of the world want the US to keep buying their crap. China's spent the last decade funding US purchases of its goods. Their prosperity depends on part on this shell game of, China buys US Treasury bonds (or whatever), US uses that money to buy Chinese goods, China invests in more production, buys more US Treasury bonds, US buys yet more Chinese goods, etc. Multiply that across the world and you get the US staggering along.
So the US will see a significant drop, but not a collapse. The rise and fall of Great Powers is all about each country of X population trying to get more than X share of the world's resources. The US today is about where the UK was in 1946-8 - struggling along with huge debts and trade problems, reluctant to acknowledge that the Empire was going, going, gone.
Let's do. You were condscending. "So stop acting the fool," as granny would say.
I did nothing to refute your point? I posted several links that state quite clearly that serious, intelligent, well-respected people think a deep recession/depression is coming that will be of long duration. If you can't see how that extrapolates out to there being limited funds for investments, I can't help you.
Then you are cherry picking your data sources. Did you read/watch any of what I posted? Apparently not. For yet another baseless comment, I am neither a gold bug nor an inflation guy. Your assumptions pile up. Nor am I upset. I am educating. You.
Your cry that I am not "walking you through it myself" is a comment based in fear. There is no need to pretend I am an economist or investment expert or market expert when I am not. Your assumption that I cannot predict/plot out future events because I haven't provided the stats myself is ridiculous.
Your comments may or may not be right. There may be investment money available, but it is not a sure thing. Also, you should know it is not just a matter of whether there is money, but whether there is will, opportunity, etc.
I've posted the expert opinions. You show why they are wrong.
And see if you can do so in a slightly more adult manner.
Cheers
This has become pointless. I said that your argument was weak. Here at TOD it is considered acceptable to counter other people's arguments, but not to insult them by calling them silly or saying they are acting like a fool. Disagreement is not condescension.
It is also customary to actually present an argument if you have one. I do not have to chase down a bunch of links and watch videos to try to figure out what you would have said if you could have made a coherent statement.
I asked you to make an argument because I don't think you have one. Sending me to follow a bunch of links confirms it. It seems fairly obvious that you want to believe something in absence of an ability to provide an argument in support of it. That is faith and I can’t reason with it.
1. I said don't make a silly comment. There is a difference between being silly and making a silly comment. Again, if you don't know the difference, I don't know how to help you.
2. Acting the fool, like the above, does not actually mean to be a fool. It is a generally genial rebuke from grandmotherly types. Of course, all rests on delivery. Since you have only text, you are making assumptions again. (Perhaps English is not your native language or you are not familiar with some older US colloqiualisms?)
3. The phrase, "That's weak" is an insult where I come from. It drips in condescension. You created the argument here, not I. I simply posted some links that showed that the economy is headed for trouble from which you should be able to extrapolate investments might be harder to come by.
4. Underlying #2 is always the Perfect Storm of paying for energy transition, the economic collapse, Climate Change and the wars of opportunity currently underway. If this needs pointing out, so be it, but I don't know why it should, being self-evident.
5. Presenting an argument. Hmmm... In your world presenting an argument means writing an essay? In my world presenting evidence in any form is suitable. Nowhere on the oil drum does it say links to sources or others making the argument is unacceptable. I repeat, if stating the obvious is a requirement for you, I will try to keep it in mind.
6. You made assumptions about what I was directing you to. By doing so, you exposed yourself to ridicule. You did not check the links or the background(s) of those I linked to. That was you error.
To recap: my point was simple. I was responding to one point in your comments, that there will be sufficient investment/capital flowing. I do not accept this without caveat. With economies spiraling into severe recession or depression, all bets are off. It is a simple, straightforward, and logical argument. You may disagree with it, but you cannot refute it. Finally, it was you who was condescending. It is not logical to be rude, but demand politically correct responses in return. It is, however, arrogant. So, take a look in the mirror, then move on.
Those who agree with my doubt about the future strength and/or viability of the current system: Prechter, Schiff, Roubini...
You want more links to support the idea there just may not be enough to fund all the crap coming our way?
Cheers
Jack, I agree with your reference that we should keep arguments civil no mater how much we disagree.
This seams like the only place to ask this to anyone still reading.
When enough foreign holders of US securities finally decide that holding them is a continuous gradual loss, and decide to get rid of as much as possible, what choices are available ??
No one will want any more of that debt securities, and so all they can do is, cash out when they come due.
How can hyper inflation be avoided by any means possible ??
This will turn US money almost worthless , while at the same time reducing US debt with massive printing, as there are no other options.
Given the scenario you depict, then hyperinflation would occur, I would have thought.
However, your argument does not take into account that a less extreme outcome is still possible, with some devaluation of the dollar, and some move to other currencies, but without the dollar being totally dropped.
For instance, most times in the past when this sort of problem has happened then most other places have also taken a blow, and on reflection the US often seems not so bad a place to put some of your money.
In present circumstances with energy getting tight and food very expensive, the massive resources relative to everyone else of the US in these factors make it perhaps difficult to totally short the US economy.
Although oil sands may not be an ideal energy source the massive reserves of this in the US are something other nations just do not have, and wind resources in the States are enormously better than in Europe, as are the solar resources.
Even in security, whilst the US is indeed over extended, it is fundamentally more secure than Europe, with an irritable bear to the East and militant Islam to the south, and in the inner cities of Europe itself.
More fundamentally, not surprisingly in a continental economy like the US, many here confound to some degree US difficulties with world problems.
China, and to a degree India, show considerable strengths, and their input is in many ways more fundamental than that of the US.
None of this should be taken as minimising the severity of present problems, and it is clear that in many respects US concerns are greater than at any time since the Second World War, but it is relatively unclear at the moment what the outcomes will be - certainly recession, but perhaps not depression.
If you are referring to Alberta oil sands , they are in Canada, not US. They are also not Oil Sands, but more appropriately Tar sands. They have to be extensively refined to turn into any type of oil. They are very limited in the amount of oil that can be produced at any one time.
If you refer to the oil shale in the US, they do not have any good economic way to make use of that at this time.
Wind and solar may be good, but they are not being built even as much as a tenth of what will be needed, in each year. The last 4 years have been a total writeoff, and there is no change to be seen on the horizon.
There comes a point where there is just too much debt, and it looks exactly like that point has now been reached.
Numerous industries have been moved overseas leaving North America somewhat like a shell of its former.
In my area, a couple years ago, the whole steel plant, mills, iron works, and industry, was bought, disassembled and moved to China.
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DocScience
http://www.angelfire.com/in/Gilbert1/tt.html
You are correct - apologies for the typo, I should have said North American oil sand reserves, which I have certainly heard them referred to as such.
I understand that you feel that the point of too much debt has now been reached, but have attempted to present some arguments for why although difficulties may be severe all may not be lost.
Your judgement may of course differ.
There are also important reasons why investment in renewables and nuclear energy, and also mineral resources, are going to be safer than in the 70's, as soon as the penny drops that Yergin et al are talking bunkum.
At that time there was a massive overhang of potential oil production from OPEC available, and limited demand from the West for minerals in recessions. A lot of people lost their shirts betting that oil would stay high, and in the commodities recession.
In the present circumstances, apart from some uncertainty about the levels of any carbon taxes and hence how much coal and NG will be allowed to play a part, the investment outlook will be much clearer as soon as Peak Oil is accepted, with demand underpinned massively by China and India.
There are a lot of negatives about, but that should not be exaggerated into universal negativity - there are some positives too.
Renewables proponents, for instance, would argue that wind power could be built up rapidly if a decision is made to do so, and when the realisation dawns that gas is not going to become cheap again, then a large build out is to be expected.
There is something that is niggling at my brain these days: is there any reason the rest of the world wouldn't be ready for a new regime, that is, leader of the "free" world? Much of the world, and a majority of Americans, now view the US as arrogant, overstepping its bounds, dangerous and impossible to work with as partners. Add to that vulnerable, and you have a recipe for a major comeuppance.
Since the US debt is beyond the ability of the nation to service it any longer, the military is overstretched and the economy is a hollow man built on 70% consumption, why not let it implode and give it a little push along its way?
The thinking may very well be that demand in Asia will make up for a drop in demand from the US. Rogers said in Seoul recently http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5ztR8eAHcg he expects the US to take the brunt of this fall. He expects Korea and Japan, via their location and trade with China to do relatively well. It should be noted he is expecting a severe economic downturn.
So... is the world ready to let the US be hung on its own petard? If so, it changes the complexion of things. It could result in the utter decimation of the US economy while the rest of the world wobbles but doesn't fall down via strengthening trade while bypassing the US, dumping its dollars and calling in its debts.
However, this does seem a path to war. Then the question becomes, is the US military as overstretched as it seems and can it wage a major war and survive?
The head spins...
Cheers
It looks like the typical divide between the optimists and pessimists, the doomers and the deniers
This short video explains that the highest standard of living was in the 60's - 70's and dropped ever since.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwH7NHU_KkM
Nowdays, many people find they need to work 2 jobs to make ends meet.
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The optimists think things will turn around again and improve, against the trends, just like the typical economists.
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We doomers believe the opposite. Our research tells us that trends will continue getting worse as the oil runs out. Although it could have been different if we converted to alternatives earlier, it is largely too late now. The worst still can be avoided, but no one will listen.
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In 2004, as a doomer, I saw that no one would believe me when I told them that oil prices were going to rise. I was telling them to prepare for high prices and make appropriate plans. That is when I realized that I had to write my projections (predictions) in 2004. I really believe it will be too late when people realize what is happening.
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As I said on my predictions “It looks like we will find out soon enough.”
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DocScience
http://www.angelfire.com/in/Gilbert1/tt.html
Of course you are entitled to draw your own conclusions, but perhaps I may remark that I have not said that a crash will not occur, just that I don't know for sure.
Your remarks also appear to me to be too heavily weighted towards the US, as even a major recession/depression there might have relatively limited effects elsewhere.
Savings rates in China for instance are certainly adequate to finance a very major build of renewables or nuclear once the need becomes crystal clear.
Even without a major recession affecting the US a lot more than others, it is already clear that the greatest force in the world economy in 10 years time will be China, not the US.
Present difficulties and military overstretch will only hasten this somewhat.
CJ- you need imagination and economics. we use very little oil to produce food relative to what it gives us- life.
you don't take into account the transition because of higher prices that will happen BEFORE the coal runs out, the NG runs out and whatever else. the transition has already begun. you dismiss steam tractors and electric tractors.
all the capital for the solar dream isn't there? first, I am not just betting on solar. secondly, the capital will be there. someone will have money. I"m thinking the countries and companies who have oil. I am think of china's fund that will be 2 trillion dollars soon. the capital is already there as we've seen in the last few weeks they are started to build solar in the southwest.
here is a hint, solar and wind producers will have power BECAUSE THEY MAKE THE POWER!
Predicting the future is hard. maybe you should be seeing lots of smaller tractors? maybe you should see tractors being followed by electric trucks who switch the batteries. you don't even know how efficient the batteries will be.
It's amazing to me how many people seem to feel that a few lines of assertion and ad-hominem, with no supporting evidence, constitute an argument. And then they act like they are ones free from "denial and self delusion".
Well, we have another essay that is quite heavy on ifs and assumings but still manages to end with a "conclusion" that we're probably OK in this particular area, until 2050, at least. I almost get the impression, from this series of posts, that you have reached a conclusion in advance of the research and wonder if that research is guided by the conclusion, in any way, along with the assumptions you make?
A few points...
You stated that population has been growing linearly lately. I take linearly to mean the same quantitative growth each year. This is not the case. Even if the percentage increase was going down slightly, the growth would still be exponential unless the percentage decrease was enough to keep the absolute amount of growth the same each year. According to the CIA world fact book, the population growth rate was going down until 2003. But then it stalled at 1.14% until 2007, when it rose to 1.167%. So we currently have exponential growth in population, not the linear (and indeed linearly slowing) growth that you assume.
You think that no-till farming methods are needed to halt the erosion of soil but offer no statistics on the likely effect on yields. The Wikipedia article you link to suggests that yields may fall significantly until experience grows. I would assume, therefore, that yields may take a dive as each farmer switches to no-till. However, no-till alone won't arrest soil erosion, though it will slow it.
As the meat proportion of our food increases to 2050, how much of the extra non-meat products will go to producing the meat? As meat rearing is an inefficient use of land for food (compared to crops), wouldn't this have some effect on the food available at the end of the food chain?
Most of the yields shown on your composite graph show recent declining or highly variable yields, with at least 3 showing very little growth for the last decade or so. I realise that a moving average might show a constantly increasing yield but I don't think your optimism on yields is warranted by the graphs.
Your assumption that nitrogen fertilizer can be manufactured in the increasing amounts needed without natural gas appears to be unsubstantiated. Not that it won't turn out to be right but you assume that sufficient energy will be available for it (presumably at affordable prices), in a free-market world.
Finally, you skip over the possibility of peak phosphorous with an "it seems unlikely", citing the "enormous reserves" (though you don't say what they are). Is this like the enormous reserves of oil that Saleri has told us about?
Heh, I heard of your post by way of RR or Gav's bogs (I forget which now), and stopped by to see the reaction. It certainly reaffirms my impressions of the cultural beliefs at TOD (and I think Peak Oil).
FWIW, I'm much happier hanging with the mainstream. They may be in fractional denial, but obviously not completely as more and more of them acknowledge peak oil (in the practical and not ideological sense).
There is an energy transition building, over there in the mainstream. If Peak Oil moves their goalposts too far, they might miss being part of it.
Happy trails.
I sympathize with the impulse. I frequently feel torn between the "let's not even call a spade a spade" mainstream, and the "peak-oil-death-wish-cult" that tends to dominate discussion of peak oil.
Quite right Stuart, it is regarded as deeply unfashionable to do anything other than despair, and any action which might conceivably help or give some scope for effective action is frowned upon.
I really can't see the utility of that way of thinking, as it seems better to bet that your actions might make a difference, but in some quarters this is held to be missing the deeply intellectual nature of the assumptions of those who want to believe themselves irrevocably doomed.
I prefer to put up a fight, personally, even if the odds might not be as good as I'd like.
Call me unfashionable.
Doing something may or may not help. Doing nothing will definitely not help. I'll take possible failure over certain failure any day.
Excellent! What I find weird is that some congratulate themselves on their penetration, in having seen through the layers of delusion and surrendered hope, which seems to me a fundamentally stupid thing to do.
Yes, and defeatism can very easily become self-fulfilling.
What fascinates me is how preparation is called defeatism. Seeing a better possible future through building community and living in balance with nature is defeatist?
And DaveMart up there saying "all you hear is..."
You boys are tossing cow patties for sport. Not very impressive, mates.
It is fun to watch, though!
Cheers