Naah.

I expect "the airlines" to survive indefinitely even if they shrink considerably. Even in very poor countries, certain things are untouchable. In the present-day USA, two sacred cows are "home" "ownership" and the tourist "industry". Congresscritters will step in as needed and loot everything else to bail them out, as they have done many times at huge expense in the past, and as they are doing again right this very minute. When it comes to feeding sacred cows, there is always more "financial wizardry" to be had, even if it opens a road to everyday banknotes running far into the quintillions.

Congresscritters are, after all, incapable of ignoring yelps from Very Important And Connected People. And heaven forbid that Very Important Business Persons, their deals already made without human intervention by computers and spreadsheets, had to seal said deals over the phone rather than by physical visits to ultra-upscale hotels and restaurants on the far side of the world. The whines would be deafening and unbearable. And imagine the inhumane deprivation suffered by Very Important Academics made to read papers on their own, rather than vacation someplace nice like Bermuda on the pretext of pretending to listen in person to the absolutely incomprehensible mumbling of the authors. Our universities would collapse to dust instantly.

That's to say nothing of all the carrying on, some of which I'm already hearing, from the vast army of otherwise unemployable zero-marketable-skills persons who comprise the overwhelming bulk of the tourist "industry". The Chicago radio stations have been running unbranded ads, apparently from the hotel industry association, every now and then. These ads seem to be intended to scare people that if they aren't "being there", at $300 a night or whatever, they're toast. [And United Airlines continues to make the same point (PDF) more subtly in their print ad campaign.]

Even when there were long lines in the 1970s at the gas stations, flying somewhere for no particularly vital purpose was not a huge problem. Fares may go up, airlines may consolidate and lay off workers - but have no fear: ordinary people will forced to break their necks riding bikes to work on winter ice if that's what it takes to keep airlines going.

You could be right on the fuel priority for the airlines. They might get subsidies too like they did after 911. Even profitable Southwest Air received a hundred million or so in federal handouts back in 2001. At the very least I would see the US government giving security services for free to airlines, along with reducing or eliminating things like landing fees, fuel taxes, and ticket taxes. Maybe a $50 per airline passenger subsidy is in order, so that the flyers don't have to "feel the pain" like the rest of us.

One caveat about the airlines bailout is that as the economy heads south and people/businesses have no cash to spend (and far fewer employees), airlines may have no passengers to subsidize.

I don't really see the airlines as being immune. Their volume business comes from the masses, and discretionary spending is going to take a real hit.

This time around it seems that finances, at least in the US and UK, will be so dire that the ability to subsidise will be limited.

I think that they will loose a huge amount of volume, and that will creep up and hit the business market too.