R&D is not needed. Estonia get 75% of their electricity from burning shale:
http://www.estoniaenergy.com/

For now I guess coal is cheaper (in the US) and the environmental effects of burning shale is of course enormous, but it is easily done on an industrial scale.

Thanks for the info ( WT also).

That led to checking the EIA's country profile for Estonia. They are a net exporter of electricity (most from oil shale) and that business is quite profitable and a substantial source of government revenues.

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Baltic/Electricity.html