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187 comments on DrumBeat: July 21, 2008
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187 comments on DrumBeat: July 21, 2008
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Being that I occasionally talk about Peak Oil I (guess) that I sometimes also get taken seriously about the subject. Recently – for reasons I don’t quite understand – I was given the opportunity to see some “experimental” farm techniques that the creators thought would be an answer in a post-PO agricultural situation. I got to see controlled environments (hi-tech greenhouses) along with “just-in-time” watering, “precision” application of various agri-chemicals, computer-sensed pest alarms, etc.. Afterwards, I stopped by two small simple organic-type farms that I know the farmers of just to get a baseline feel for myself.
I didn't know what to say. I didn’t rain on anyone’s parade, even though I have my reservations about “just-in-time” philosophy; I would have never gotten beyond the euphoric enthusiasm. Besides, hi-tech may work for all I know.
I just say this to point out that people are realizing that there’s an energy issue that needs to be tackled. I also would like to point out that some see MOSTLY a high-tech answer while others think the old way is the way to go. Finally, I noticed that the organic soil was dark, while the hi-tech farm had something that resembled beach sand... it made me wonder if there are subtle nutritional differences in the plants.
My sum level of contribution last week to PO solutions: zero ... but I was entertained.
The difference, it seems to me, is between soil that is alive and soil that is essentially "dead." I want my food to come from living soil.
Have you hugged your pet Nematode today?
See the wikipedia entry on one subtle aspect of the relationship between living soil and plants:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhizal
There is research that has indicated that organically produced crops do have a higher nutritional level compared to crops grown using production ag methods. What has not been done is to determine why.
It could be that the varieties selected are different. It is well know that certain good traits have been breed out of production ag-oriented crops to achieve other things such as ease of shipping/longer storage life.
It is known that many production ag soils lack trace minerals whereas organic growers are more likely to apply rock dusts to enhance trace minerals.
In other words, the answer is yes, they probably have a higher nutritional value...but the really answer is "maybe". In my case I went from certified organic grower to terra preta chemical grower after I stopped selling. I use 20-20-20 soluble fertilizer with trace minerals just like hydroponic growers. For example, our strawberries used to get what is called cat faces, i.e., deformed berries. The boron in the soluble corrected this problem.
There were a number of rationales: I'm getting old and getting materials and making compost is too much work for our sized growing area. I actually think fertigation produces better yields and is more energy efficient.
Todd
Todd, being a former hydroponics grower I’m a firm believer in soluble ferts. I presently use Peters commercial grade for most everything I grow. Wish I never gave away my stock of General Hydroponics ferts to a friend a few years back; being buffered, they sure would have come in handy now, especially for establishing newly planted trees.
IIRC there was a large scale test of organic vs conventional crops in the UK last year. The test was carried out on the same farm using the same plants, etc. The organically grown produce had significantly more vitamins and minerals than the conventionally grown ones I believe.
My own land was farmed conventionally prior to my purchase and the result was severely degraded soil. The areas I've laid to grass don't even have enough worms in it to take down the grass cuttings. The industrial fertilisers, herbicides, fungicides and pesticides are a disaster for the soil. Should conventional farming ever have to farm without, they will have enormous problems growing anything in their depleted soils and yields would go off a cliff.
That's the problem. To feed the world's population there is little choice but to continue with conventional farming, organic farming cannot do it. But, the day synthetic fertilisers become unavailable then neither conventional or organic farming will be possible due the badly degraded soils.
I suppose in a sensible world we would immediately move to a hybrid farming model using both methods and slowly over time remove conventional farming from the model. But I don't see that happening.
So, like the heroin junkie who must increase the dose size to get the same high until an overdose is administered, the same goes for IndustroAg, as ever increasing amounts of dose must be applied to get the same high/yield until the overdose kills the soil.
I believe there is a solution. End the petrochemical addiction and substitute the Agro-equivalent of methadone--high nutrient organic-based fertilizers that will allow the soil to recover its natural properties over time, end monocropping, and allow for fallow and/or practice fallow cropping. To use a Thacherism--There really is no alternative. We MUST take the time and expense to heal the soil because the alternative is certain destruction.
I suppose in a sensible world we would immediately move to a hybrid farming model
Synthetic for folar feeding and sugar applied to the soil to feed the soil fungi/bacteria.
Is there a useful definition that distinguishes 'Technology' from 'High Tech'?
Start at the Wheel, or Agriculture and run up the spectrum through NanoTech (or take your pick of what constitutes HiTech). What divides our tools and systems? Does it fall on a 'complexity' line which would help us understand which systems we might be able to continue using, teaching our children and redeveloping, and which are simply artifacts of a High-Energy Century?
I suppose there may be some threshhold where the processes and energy required to manufacture certain materials and tools depends upon a support system that goes beyond our basic requirements and can sustain a range of specialists and businesses necessary for them. But as with the Good Housekeeping promises of the Housewife's labor saving devices, much of Technology is aimed at making jobs easier or even possible.
What does it take to keep the Ball-bearing factory open, supplied with high-strength steel.. ( as one of the most useful tools for reducing the energy required to accomplish many a task?)
Like with 'Terrorism', we talk about Technology, but often have varying definitions and assumptions that go along with the word.
Instead of "high" tech and "low" tech, maybe we should consider "helpful" tech and "abusive" tech.
Of course, there would be disagreement about these categories, too
Many people equate "large scale" with undesireable "high tech", though there is no absolute relationship, for example what does an organic growers 50 acres of manure-fed vegetable plots look like to a villager in sub-saharan Africa, whose land holding might typically comprise a dozen separate plots of land totalling 1/2 acre. No doubt about the same as a corporate farming company's township-size fields to the organic grower
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder I guess. So far I believe it's all subjective, unless someone can come up with a credible scientific study to back up some of the claims of significant lack of nutrients in commonly-grown produce. My father fed our local town of 5,000 with all the fresh tomatoes they could eat from a 1/2 acre hydroponic greenhouse that was completely sterile. No-one ever died of it that I know of.
The evidence from the exponentially growing world population is that intensive farming works perfectly adequately ... unfortunately it is completely unsustainable, even at current levels.
You haven't any idea of the meaning of 'intensive farming' if you think the large commercial operations are more intensivly farmed than the 1/10th acre plots of the small landholders / leasers of many third-world countries, esp. those with population pressures.
Ignorant writes:
This sounds like hydroponics.
That beach sand appearance is pretty much describing the soil that I started out with when I got my small acreage. My soil is classified as Ava Silt loam. High in minerals but deficient in organic matter and gets as hard as a rock during the dry months of summer. Great for grapes, fruit bushes and orchards, as there are vineyards and orchards all over my county and the adjacent ones, but growing vegetables is very difficult without bombing the soil with ferts. It’s amazing how much fertilizer the farmers around my county use to get a decent yield on their row crops. I figured that it would take about three years of adding and tilling in organic matter - hay cut from my pasturage, and manure from local sources - to improve the soil to any kind of acceptable condition. I’ll just keep on adding more every year. My soil in my garden Chicago had organic matter added for thirty years and gave stupendous yields; I always was giving away stuff to friends and neighbors. It will be awhile for me to reach that stage again even with the far bigger area.
sounds a lot like my soil here in north county San Diego. I grow grapes, plums, nectarines, apricots, and olives with great success. Veggies are a bit more work. I actually dug a trench and tried to make a special veggie patch, as an experiment. The irony was that the patch turned out to have tons of nitrogen and organic matter, but lacked the phosphorus/potassium that the native soil has. My radishes ended up big and leafy with pathetic little roots! Even more humorously frustrating was that the best growing veggie from that batch was an arugula whose seeds were accidentally dropped on the native soil and haven't been watered since the last rain! At this point I've decided that my best bet for making it through peak oil is bartering olive oil and booze made of my extra fruit.
That’s part of the learning process, figuring out what your soil is good for and taking advantage of it. It sometimes takes years and a few mistakes and lost money, effort, and time. This is why anyone expecting to suddenly get a plot and suddenly produce food is usually going to be sorely disappointed, unless they have a real good idea what their requirements are and find something that meets those requirements with th experience to capitalize on them. Booze will be a very good barter item, one of the reasons I planted a vineyard (60 vines) with a second one going in next year. In a couple of weeks I’ll be picking elderberries to make wine. Maybe I’ll get some moonshine from my neighbor and make some port style.
Do keep in mind that the process of concentrating alcohol is only legal with the proper taxing scheme.
See Whiskey Rebellion history for details.
this is very true. I don't currently produce alcohol, but i certainly plan to start in the event that gas prices force law enforcement to use more conventional forms of transportation =)
I plan to continue to drink it :)
yeah, it actually not my first try, i've a decently green thumb when it comes to this soil, even with veggies. Unfortunately, mentioning that makes the story a little less amusing to me =). This was more an experiment to see if i could get better yields. The biggest problem was that rabbits finally decided to move into my yard. I figure that raising rabbits will be a good source of protein/warm clothing for when i have to go all mad max.
Booze seems to be totally depression proof, so i think it is a good move. I currently only grow table grapes, but and currently maneuvering to get some wine grape cuttings. I also grow Potatoes, so vodka seems to be part of my boot legging future. I also have a nice advantage in that my great grand mother was a boot legger during the prohibition and depression eras. When she passed on recently, she left us her cook book with all her food/alcohol recipes.
As you may or may not know, the San Diego area was once the terminus delta of the Colorado River, thus the great volumes of sand. The quickest way to incorporate organic matter into such a soil type is to grow the legumus grasses, like clover, or other Green Manure plants like fava bean. I have similar issues here on the Oregon coast with our sand dune-based soils. Rabbit offal should be an excellent soil builder, too. Happy growing!
yeah, i grow a lot of sweet peas, which are nitrogen fixers (take nitrogen from the air instead of the ground). Unfortunately, these are not eatable due to a compound in them that causes lower body paralysis in large concentrations. I also dug a small garden pond, witch grows a lot of azolla. Azolla, some times called fairy moss, is a small floating aquatic plant that has a symbiotic relationship with a nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, and thus is used heavily for green manure across the world. The pond also cuts down the amount of watering necessary to keep the garden up, and this month our water bill was about $20, which is pretty crazy for such a dry area. The pond also serves as a home for my pet turtle =). Our soil is actually largely clay, which isn't so bad as long as you turn/amend it around the wet season.
As to the colorado, i have heard this, i think from one of those "what if we all died" shows on an educational channel. I'm not sure if this really applies to me though, because I live about 20 miles north of the city of san diego (san diego county is about the size of isreal). I certainly hope this does apply to me, seeing as there is a fire currently burning very near my house (or as I like to call it "san diego snow and the mid-day twilight" were the snow is ash and the twilight is from the smoke), though the smoke is mainly white at this point (white smoke = steam). Watching the planes/helicopters made me realize that the thing that will really drive people out of the SD suburbs after peak oil will be our inability to put out fires east of the I-5 due to lack of access to water.
Fortunately, the pea problem you describe, lathyrism, can be mitigated by boiling, steaming, or fermenting the peas. Thanks for the tip about azolla. Although the fuel expense is now high, a trip to the Anza-Borrego Desert on a cool late-Fall day provides an opportunity to see some fascinating geology, especially a hike down one of the slot canyons carved in the thick sand strata of the former delta. If your soil is clay-based, it was also likely deposited from the same delta. Have you considered constructing rain barrels and attaching them to your roof gutters's downspouts to augment your water supply? As for fires, a house of stone, brick or adobe construction is best, and when combined with straw-bale insulation can provide an almost constant temperature in your climate. I also pressume you get a lot of fog; have you considered evaporation condensers to harvest its moisture content?
good to know about the peas. I agree about the desert, i have collected geodes out there from time to time. We use trash cans to collect water from the gutters during winter and use it in the garden. I have long considered collecting fog Dune style, but i decided that i'd hold off until it became more necessary. I'm in a small pocket that seems to dodge a lot of the summer "June Gloom", which is great for my sun tan, but makes this method not as viable in the season that it counts. I figure that if it really comes down to it, i'll ride my bike to the beach, fill some containers with water, and let evaporation take care of desalinating it. Should yield some salt for flavor and use as a preservative.
The unfortunate thing about San Diego is that we have fires and earthquakes. The building practices that work well for one disaster tend to be bad for the other. The straw is actually really good for fires, as it takes it a long time to burn. The fortunate thing is that the temperature isn't much of a concern to me. I don't have an AC and the winters here can be dealt with by putting on a coat or using a heavier blanket. I was thinking about using rabbit hide for warmth, but mainly because i'm pissed off at the rabbits that come in my yard.