Many thanks for the article. I certainly claim no great understanding of Irish history, but I am from the North UK and am very familiar with vistas such as in your photo.

This photo of an Irish landscape could be: The Pennines, Lake District, Wales, Peak District, Cheviots, The South West, and anywhere in Scotland and probably many others I have missed. I believe it's prominent cause after deforestation is sheep grazing.
I can see grass below, and bracken/heather/gorse/whatever growing above.
Since the UK has better climate regions for arable farming, there has never been a push to provide widespread arable crops in this marginal upland landscape. If there was a need for more arable land, the landscape would not look that way.

Also, beware the strange UK climate. If we had constant below zero winters such as other places on the same latitude [Siberia, Canada] then it would [obviously] be different. A UK winter hovers - + zero. This means behaviour like freeze-thaw rock destruction, scree formation, rocks pushed to the soil surface, and very treacherous slippy pavements [ice melts, refreezes etc] are normal.

Hi from Ireland.

1) most irish would consider the historical situation to have been exploitative.
Wondering why the irish did this, or that, should take into account the penalties offered by the occupying troops to those unwilling to work in slave-like conditions, sharecropping for landlords.
The british took these lessons on board and proceeded to do somthing similar in india within a few years (5+ million dead).
2) contraception was still illegal here in the 1980s, thanks to our 'catholic taliban'.
3) We were "highly leveraged"; already-small farms were repeatedly subdivided between children; a large nomadic workforce also depended on seasonal work. There were no schools, hospitals, industries, credit, or bail-outs for most of the affected popluation.
4) Ireland, brittany, newfoundland, scotland and galicia (NW spain) share geology, and were joined 200m years ago before the atlantic appeared. The terrain and landscape look strikingly similar.
5) as a young irishman, working menial jobs in london, I saw ample evidence of a culture, in britain, of treating irish as barbarian untermensch. Somewhat understandable due to our having been cut off from the evolution of general social fashions for several centuries, but also because dominance means not having to see oneself from another's point of view.

The wikipedia article on the indian famine above, and english media about the british empire in general, glosses over the excesses and brutality of the 'crown'; like the japanese imperial apologists, there is a prediliction to rose-tinted optics and the pretty groundless presumption that they meant well, knew best, and were doing one a favor by obliterating one's ancient language and culture.

Contrast the story of 'how the west was won' with e.g. Black Elk Speaks.

My father tells of his uncle's memory of his grandfather speak of seeing starved skeletal bodies by the road, mouths green from eating grass and leaves.
It's the lack of carbs that get you, not protein, so fish won't help as much as you think. Seal-blubber would of course be another story..

j

Thanks for these comments. I agree on all your points - Ireland was exploited by the British empire, of course. It was, as I say in the paper, treated as a colony. In an earlier version of the post, I also mentioned Black Elk when he said "there is no center and the sacred tree is dead" which I thought described well the relationship between the loss of the forests and the loss of the Gaelic culture in Ireland. But the post was already overlong, so I removed it. But the idea is there.