![]() | Introducing: TOD: 'Campfire' | The Oil Drum | Nobel Prize-Winning Physicist Steven Chu Is Obama's Choice For Energy Secretary | ![]() |
196 comments on DrumBeat: December 11, 2008
Comments can no longer be added to this story.
Show without comments | PDF version
196 comments on DrumBeat: December 11, 2008
Comments can no longer be added to this story.
Show without comments | PDF version
Search The Oil Drum with Google
Support The Oil Drum
Recently on TOD:World
TOD:Campfire
- What "Lower Consumption" Means
- Tricking and Treating the Future
- Meeting Energy Decline Part-Way - Potatoes?
TOD:Europe
- EROWI - energy return of water invested
- An interview with Stoneleigh - the case for deflation
- The Future of European Transport: iTREN-2030
TOD:Canada
- In this house, we obey the laws of thermodynamics!
- The Round-Up: October 24, 2008
- Compressed Air Energy Storage - How viable is it?
TOD:Australia/NZ
- The Bullroarer - Saturday 7th November 2009
- The Bullroarer - Friday 30th October 2009
- Details of Solar Flagships Released
TOD:Net Energy
Blogroll
Energy Sites
- The Coming Global Oil Crisis
- Die Off
- Dry Dipstick
- Energy Bulletin
- From the Wilderness
- Life After the Oil Crash
- Peak Oil Crisis
- Peak Oil News and Message Boards
- Powerswitch
- Rigzone
- Matthew Simmons
- Wolf at the Door
Environment & Sustainability Sites
- The Daily Green
- EcoGeek
- Eco Street
- Green Car Congress
- Green Options
- green.alltop.com
- Gristmill
- RealClimate
- Sustainablog
- Treehugger
- WorldChanging
Blogs
- The Big Picture
- Casaubon's Book
- Cleantech Blog
- Clusterf
k Nation (Jim Kunstler) - The Cost of Energy
- David Strahan
- The Energy Blog
- Entropy Production
- European Tribune
- GraphOilology
- Health After Oil
- jeffvail.net
- Mobjectivist
- Peak Energy (Australia)
- Peak Energy (USA)
- R-Squared
- Resource Insights
Finance & Economics Blogs
- Calculated Risk
- The Crash Course
- Ecological Economics
- Econbrowser
- Environmental Economics
- Infectious Greed
- The Mess That Greenspan Made
- Mish's Global Economic Trend Analysis
Organizations
Peak Oil Primers
Beware email scams!
Beware email scams claiming to be from this site. We do not have any job openings. If anyone contacts you about a job at The Oil Drum, do not reply to them, and definitely do not give them any personal information or send them money. Read more here.
“Pessimism of the Intellect; Optimism of the Will.”
—Antonio Gramsci
User login
Contact
- Content: editors at theoildrum dot com
- Tech support: support at theoildrum dot com
Personnel
- Editors: Nate Hagens, Gail the Actuary, Prof. Goose
- DrumBeat Editor: Leanan
- Contributors: ace, Engineer-Poet, Heading Out, jeffvail, JoulesBurn, Sam Foucher, Robert Rapier
- TOD:Campfire: Glenn, Jason Bradford
- TOD:Europe: Chris Vernon, Euan Mearns, Francois Cellier, Jerome a Paris, Luís de Sousa, Rembrandt, Rune Likvern, Ugo Bardi
- TOD:Canada: benk, Libelle
- TOD:ANZ: Big Gav, Phil Hart, aeldric
- Emeritus: Stuart Staniford
- Technician: Super G
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License.










GAIA Host Collective
The articles on the folly of growth are timely. In fact, I've been wondering something... I think it's fair to say that most everyone posting on this site is anti-growth. So where do you folks stand on the upcoming efforts by the Obama administration (and govt's in other countries) to reignite growth? I was reading Heinberg the other day, and it seemed like he was toning down his hard anti-growth stance in the context of this crisis. It struck me as odd. Isn't a downturn in growth the ideal time to promote no more growth, if that's what you believe in? Shouldn't anti-growth advocates be opposed to the stimulus package??
Here's some no growth.
Involuntary bankruptcy sought against ethanol plant.
http://news.tradingcharts.com/futures/3/0/117660903.html
BTW Ethanol production was down Sept 640K Brl's V Aug 647K Brl's/day
John Michael Greer has some interesting insights into the Doomer mindset that you might find of interest, JD, chalking up their desire for instant widespread collapse to an irrational embrace of select myths. Of course he considers a belief at this stage in infinite growth and "progress" to be equally deluded, you can skip those parts if you're so inclined.
I can't speak for everyone, but I'm not ANTI-GROWTH, I wish that growth would go on forever, and that we could all live in large homes and drive big cars, eat 3 full meals and have 4 snacks every day.
But I live on this planet, we call it The Earth
http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/postglobal/needtoknow/2008/12/crisis_...
"Current" global recession? It really depends to whom you're talking. Certainly not the three billion people in the world, living on less than $2.50 a day. For them, there's nothing current about the global recession. For them, it's always been ongoing; it's almost a way of life.
Hi Ed, thanks for the reply. Like dipchip, you're dodging the issue, not addressing it. It seems that you are in fact anti-growth, although you're not entirely happy with it.
My point is this: if you genuinely believe that we must stop growth because it is killing us (a view which I believe I can fairly ascribe to the vast majority of people on the Oil Drum), then how can you, in good conscience, support measures which are aimed at reigniting growth, such as Obama's upcoming stimulus package and similar packages in other countries?
I realize that I may not be the ideal person to pose that question, but I think the question itself is an important one and deserves a serious answer.
I could support a stimulus package aimed at reinstating a growth economy if it's primary side effect was to invest in renewable energy and to restructure society to be less energy intensive and more socially cohesive.
What better way to kick-start the economy than spending a trillion dollars on wind power, upgrading the electric grid, developing adaptive (electricity) demand infrastructure, building and electrifying light rail systems, (small) electric or hybrid cars, etc. etc.
Of course the stimulus would fail, as we descend the energy slope, but it would be less painful. The US (and UK, and many other economies) are inevitably going to collapse. Better to use whatever credit the government can still control whilst it still has any, to build for the future.
It won't happen. The money will be spent building yet more SUVs and roads and airports and other Easter Island gods.
I suspect your view is probably the most common here at TOD. I would guess most here don't really support bailouts and other "stimulus" bills. They aren't going to work. The best we can hope for is to get some of it for what we want.
FWIW, Denninger thinks the auto bailout isn't as terrible as the bank bailout. But he's still upset about the debt.
I don't understand all the media noise about the auto bailout-15 billion is peanuts compared to the 8.5 trillion already billed to the USA taxpayer. Interestingly, almost all discussions take pains to avoid mentioning the 8.5 trillion dollar elephant in the room.
The auto industry is different from Wall Street in two important particulars:
1. It is staffed by workers from the evil UAW, which is to blame for everything.
2. If Wall Street fell, there would not be another even more Republican financial sector ready to expand into the vacuum. If Detroit falls, the vacuum is filled by foreign-owned car plants in Republican, union-busting states. Look at the state IDs of the senators most opposed to the bailout.
Now point #2 is based on the Republicans' fantasy that their own backward underpaid minions can make Toyota and BMW happy building SUVs and giant trucks. Recently Toyota decided to build its next new plant in Canada (with its own UAW) instead of the South. Why? National health insurance and a more educated workforce, perhaps?
But Detroit has to be killed off in a hurry before the Republicans at GM and Chrysler HQ commit heresy and tell the press that America's car companies are being bankrupted because of its lack of socialized medicine.
Super390:
"Recently Toyota decided to build its next new plant in Canada (with its own UAW) instead of the South. Why? National health insurance and a more educated workforce, perhaps?"
Or perhaps not.
1) National health insurance in Canada is not exactly National. It's under provincial jurisdiction. Each with their own set of rules and ability to finance. The entire system is under strain because of direct Provincial government involvement (read no practicing physicians have been, and are being consulted on major policy issues) and because of demographics. Waiting times, physician shortages, nursing shortages and the shortage of (staffed) active treatment hospital beds .. are unacceptable. And have been for some 18 years.
Toyota must know this.
2) And are Canadians really more educated than Americans? What metrics are being used here?
Does this require growth?
You're either growing or contracting.
Which world would you live in- a growing world or contracting one?
Funny, I am the same weight I was 20 years ago.
Net worth in 12-month tailspin (Note: you have to go halfway down the page)
You're either growing or contracting.
Which world would you live in- a growing world or contracting one?
This is a modest fall compared to the UK.
The fall against the dollar alone has knocked 25% off UK net worth, plus a similar amount to the US in stocks and home ownership, although the last is perhaps slightly smaller as we are a bit behind the US in entry into recession.
The currency fall is a real one in valuations, as much of the debt is owed internationally and so dollar denominated.
Hello Geckolizard,
Thxs for the info. If the planet has, in fact, passed Peak Everything: the cascading blowbacks will inevitably result in a contracting net worth, and fewer options for nearly everyone. Such is life.
Looks like Peak Wealth, doesn't it?
I'm still stuck in the original question posed: Which world would you live in- a growing world or contracting one?
A growing world means more starvation on the bottom end of society, more waste on the top, more distribution of wealth from the bottom to the top, and more resources that we start running against- oil, gas, water, I-NPK, food... Is this good?
Or, a contracting world means we do without a lot of the same things immediately... We go back to a lower standard of living... Possibly pre-industrial, with all of the things that came from that era, both good and bad. Is this good?
What's the best of both worlds...? Can we contract and grow at the same time?
I'll take the one that is a reasonable facsimile of a steady state equilibrium.
I know it may seem to be boring to most but I'll take it, who knows I might have more time for actually enjoying the little pleasures in life.
I happen to have my own boring list of what those are, things like reading, music, art, science, sailing, being with my loved ones, teaching, learning, watching sunsets, drinking good wine etc.. etc..
Not one of the things on my list requires growth. I don't need power, a big house, a gas guzzling SUV, the latest and the greatest new gadgets that will make me more and more efficient but only give me less and less time to be myself. To be honest I'm not yet completely free of that world and may not completely attain that freedom in my life time but at least I understand the futility of seeking never ending growth. I will continue to try my best to live and let live.
I think your mistaken in your idea of a 'steady state'. as with the rest of this place the assumption is that a steady state is well a straight line. It's not, it means peaks and valley's. It means some growth, followed by a collapse, followed by some more growth though to about the same spot +/- a little. followed by about steepness of a drop.
for example this would be like experiencing a epidemic, followed by regrowth of the population to about same level before then another epidemic.
I completely agree with you and praise your outlook on life. However, I am sure you do not expect poor people in Africa to hope for no grwoth. They need some growth just to be treated like full human beings.
We are GOING to be living in a contracting world, whether we like it or not. My preferences are irrelevant, this is reality and we had best face up to and adjust to it, the sooner the better.
Yes, a great many people will suffer terribly. That is going to happen and can't be helped. Futile attempts to hang on to the past and sustain the unsustainable will not help them, only hurt them even more.
Getting ahead of the curve and downsizing/powering down one's life, before one absolutely is forced to do so by circumstances, is one thing that might actually help others in some small way, by leaving just a little more of earth's scarce resources (AKA "wealth") for other people to share.
Even if one is a no growth advocate, supporting a stimulus package if it focuses heavily on conservation,efficiency, and alternative eneryg, is called a compromise. We realize this is the only way to get these things. I believe in no growth but I know that is not going to happen, at the very least in my life time. We will keep pushing against the resources of the planet until we become one big Easter Island.
In any event, if this so called stimulus package spends billions on roads, this will largely cancel out many of the more sustainable initiatives. It needs to be informed by a grand vision of sustainability. But that ain't gonna happen even with Mr. Change.
The economic system under which we have arranged life on this planet, is based on debt.
I have read often that if all debt were settled there would be no money in circulation.
That will never be allowed to happen as it would spell the end for all the people at the top of the economic food chain.
Debt is 100% dependant on Growth. I’m not saying growth is dependant on debt.
We need to throw out the current economic system (no amount of tweeking will change the debt paradigm) and restructure life on this planet under a new system or expect growth to foisted on us to the very end.
P.S. I don't want collapse. I want things to go on as they are only without the burden of debt hanging over EVERYTHING, EVERYWHERE.
This is where we differ
"we must stop growth", No we will not stop growth, it's not in us. Throughout history mankind has wanted growth ie. children, more/better food etc. and that will not change.
But because of our (collective) actions I now believe that we are at the point where growth will not be possible without some outside or currently unknow form of energy.
Growth will stop not because we want it to, but because it is being forced on us.
This does not mean that the world is coming to an end only that it is going to be different.
Ed
Or, growth will be carried out the way it was hundreds of years ago: we exterminate you, take your land, and have more children on it. Then someone else does the same to us. Net growth: zero.
Stimulus packages don't work, in fact make matters worse.
The credit conflagration will have to burn itself out. After that? Probably no growth, anyway.
Credit destruction, resource 'shortages' and climate disruptions. Hard to get around one of these, not all three ...
If the population of the planet was say 500 million we probably could live just about any lifestyle we wished.
A more modern lifestyle would probably require advanced robots and factories that make factories etc.
With this small of a population you would probably go with some sort of universal constructor since demand would
be so low for a lot of items. I'm sure "handmade" would probably be popular. Most items would be works of art.
If population is stagnant you could have just about any lifestyle you could imagine and easily eliminate those
that are too environmentally destructive or wasteful.
I can't see how a politician would be able to call for no growth, or the end of growth. We're talking about a complete change in our economic system, which I would argue a political process cannot bring about. Frankly, I think there's a 97% chance the auto's bridge loan thing will be completely botched by the "Car Czar." I don't think governments can manage industries (at least not well), or invent a new economy. Rather, government can TRY to mitigate externalities and inequities resulting from the system.
What that may mean, to the degree I'm correct about that, is that the only way to move to a different system is for the old one to collapse, or be abandoned by society.
Obama? He is going to seek to restart growth in the US. Accept that. Critique his choices for how that's attempted, sure. But why argue the premise - it won't be changed.
I hope you are right-IMO Obama will have his work cut out for him if his goal is to restart growth in the USA economy.
I don't think growth per say is a problem. In our case, growth against finite resources of fossil fuels is the problem. If by some stroke of universal genius we acquired another cheaper energy source (cold fusion, cheap hot fusion), i believe we would enter a period of growth on the scale of the solar system. What would it take to enter a period of growth on the galactic scale? Who knows, but i do think the Fermi Paradox is pointing to the likley answer. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_paradox
No. This attitude is the problem with all the technocopian idealists that post in these fora. You don't realize that the problem is excessive human population fueled by cheap energy. Fossil fuels are particularly bad because their oxidized wastes pollute the atmosphere & surface ocean, resulting in rapid climate change. But any other energy source is nearly as bad, because it fuels human population growth. When humans use energy to "develop" land for their own use, it is at the expense of natural ecosystems. Those ecosystems ultimately support human and all other life processes. Their destruction undermines the quality and very sustainability of life for all living things. The worst thing that could possibly happen for the planet, the biotia, and for human society would be the perfection of some cheap, plentiful, "clean" energy source. Human population would soar, ecosystem integrity would decline, and global biospheric collapse would soon ensue. Why is it that the technocopian contingent just doesn't "get" this?
Forget Fusion, what we really need is the PrayerMax 5000
Jesus-Dino pics never get old...
Amen brother Gecko! AMEN!
I believe the word dinosaur didn't come into play until around 1841.
Job 40:15 “Look now at the behemoth,[a] which I made along with you;He eats grass like an ox.16 See now, his strength is in his hips,And his power is in his stomach muscles.17 He moves his tail like a cedar;The sinews of his thighs are tightly knit.18 His bones are like beams of bronze,His ribs like bars of iron."
Job 3:7-9 May those curse it who curse the day,Those who are ready to arouse Leviathan.
Job 41:1 “Can you draw out Leviathan[a] with a hook,Or snare his tongue with a line which you lower?
Psalm 74:14 You broke the heads of Leviathan in pieces,And gave him as food to the people inhabiting the wilderness
Psalm 104:26 There the ships sail about;There is that Leviathan Which You have made to play there.
Job 41:18 His sneezings flash forth light,And his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning.Out of his mouth go burning lights;Sparks of fire shoot out.
:)
Edit: I should have added that Job I believe is generally considered the oldest book of the bible.
Complete and utter BS DDog. "Technology" has allowed for cheaper and more plentiful birth control which has allowed us to start to rapidly decrease the rate of world population growth, look at this chart from TOD:
http://www.theoildrum.com/uploads/12/LongTermPopulationGrowthRates.gif
A cheap and plentiful energy source would allow us to further distribute birth control and other family planning methods to the rest of the world. Why can't the doomers "get" this?
DDog is correct.
Population is the time bomb that has precipitated the rest of the mess. There's no evidence that tech, even if proven, will be adopted with regard to procreation. Especially in time. I shudder to think of the changes to Africa as industrial farming overtakes it. A transition rapidly occurring as the Middle East uses their oil reserves to purchase land.
But to give the devil his due, suppose there was a cheap and plentiful energy source, birth control and worldwide family planning laws passed and enforced, we seeded the ocean with Fe and magically, all the atmospheric carbon vanished (only the excess-we stop it at the precise moment) in deep ocean trenches, then was subsumed into the crust with no adverse environmental consequences. Ways to steer moisture laden clouds overland to parched areas were developed with all the excess energy. All were gainfully employed as shrubbers, planting the newest, most colorful varieties. What then?
There wouldn't be a single untouched place left, our propensity to travel/migrate, would consume every last piece of untouched ground. And it would all collapse with the loss of the evolved natural ecosystems. Long before the devil got his due.
There are a lot of people that could use a course in ecology. Human population dynamics work the same as all animal populations do: if there are abundant resources available-the population expands; when resources become more scarce-the population declines. As individuals we may be able to control our reproduction, but as a whole populace the above statement will always be true. Why can't antidoomers 'get' this? We like to think humans are quite unique and divine, but at a biological level we are animals with an instinct to procreate, and as long as resources are available to us to grow, by god we will.
I view the resource limitations that we are quickly bumping into as signals that we have gotten too big and its time for Gaia to do something about it.
Of course we are NOT subject to the same dynamics as all animal populations. What animal population has been able to raise its life expectancy so much? What animal population has been able to greatly (immensly) increase the expectations for viable births? This is a function of improvement and interference in the way we treat ourselves, aka improvements in medicine, which, by themselves do not demand extensive unputs of new energy. Penicilin probably impacted human growth a lot more than the discovery of Gawar.
I doubt it. Human population wasn't limited by lack of antibiotics. Yes, a lot of people died, but a lot of people were born, too. It's food and water that have been the limiting factors, and petroleum fixed that (temporarily).
Anthropologist Marvin Harris used to say that the only technology which truly benefited mankind was birth control.
You see boosts with agriculture, and the discovery of the new world, but it's nothing compared to the fossil fueled-spike.
You will see that the population spike graph also coincides with penicillin...and better mass healthcare in general (vaccines play an important part).
The thing with advances in mass medicin is that they help people stay alive LONGER. When people were dying at 45, a and every family would probably lose one child (at leats)lose high birth rate was not exactly a problem.
The effect of higher supply of energy on food was not very pronounced until the green revolution, on the later half of last century. Your spike started way before that.
Also the great movers that kept population in check were the outbreak of PLAGUES. With no noticeable scarcity of energy (aka wood and horses) the bubonic plague decimated 2/3s of the population in Western Europe, plagues were responsible for the deaths of billions in China, India and many other places...if you want to correlate energy growth with population increase, you should be able to correlate population decrease with energy shortages...and historically that is not what happened.
I think it is preposterous to claim that energy is the only (or even the main) factor at play in a complex ecossistem...
You're wrong on that. Life expectancy may have been 45, but that didn't mean people died at 45. People who survived childhood lived about as long as we do today. (There has been remarkably little change in lifespan for those who survive childhood.) The bible describes the span of a human life as "three score and ten" - 70 years, which is about what we can expect today. What's changed is childhood mortality. (In Hawaii, it's still traditional to have a huge party on a baby's first birthday - because once it survived the first year, it was considered likely to live.)
Many of the people of the world today have no access to penicillin, or sanitation, vitamins, etc. Yet their populations have spiked just as much more as those with access to modern healthcare.
"People who survived childhood lived about as long as we do today"
I only have data from my country, Brazil, but it could give you an idea.
Life expectancy in Brazil increased from 57.6 years in 1960, to 71,9 years (women live a whopping 9 years more than Brazilian men...). The lower level in the 60s in no way correlates with water or food shortages (Brazil has always been a food and water surplus country with about 10% of world supplies of fresh water). The big difference was universalization of health care.
I am NOT saying that medicine is the single most important driver in human growth, but the way I see it there are many factors at play (including, of course, energy), but not only that.
(on a sad anectode, the life expectancy of Brazilian women is so much higher than that of men, fue, in large part to urban violence that claim a desproportionate number of young males)
"Many of the people of the world today have no access to penicillin, or sanitation, vitamins, etc. Yet their populations have spiked just as much more as those with access to modern healthcare".
This logic would also apply to energy (even more, perhaps). Countries that have the lowest consumption of energy per capita are also the ones with higher birth rates and population growth. These places ALREADY live as if PO was in effect, and they still keep growing...Conversely, countries that use the most energy have declining or stabilizaed populations (Europe, Japan, Russia, US - if you account for migration).
But the general point about life expectancy being too simple a statistic to draw conclusions from still remains in the air. If the increase came from a large number of children who would have died in early childhood living to old-age-ish of 60+, then I can see that affecting population to a reasonable degree. But if it was from a significant number of people changing from dying at 60-ish to at 75-ish then beyond a slight increase from more "overlapping" of generations alive at one time, it's not clear that there would be much increase in population from that (since it's decisions in your 20s/30s that lead to having/not having children).
Incidentally, did Russia have levels of energy use on a par with Europe, Japan and the US during the 1990-2000 period when the population decline was strongest? I had the impression that things were rather bad for the majority of people at that time.
"If the increase came from a large number of children who would have died in early childhood living to old-age-ish of 60+, then I can see that affecting population to a reasonable degree"
Life expectancy measures exactly that. It is an average, so if a child dies as a newborn, that contributes with a negative 75 years to an average of 75. The increase in life span in this particular data is basically a function of better health care.
As for Russia, AFAIK, they were always an energy surpluss country in the last century, especially as far as oil is concerned, even when their country was coming to pieces.
The more recent phenomenon of population reduction in the west and some other developed countries is more of a function of urbanization, education and change in the social fabric than a lack of energy.
You're missing the point that the actual probability distribution of individual life expectancies can be multi-modal, so that the average can change due to changes in one mode without changes in another. As a silly example, suppose 50% of people die at within their 15th year and 50% die at 50, then the life expectancy is 32.5. If the 50% that die at 50 get better care so that they die at 70, the life expectancy is now 42.5. But nothing has changed about the proportion who died early, so the only changes that would be expected are those due to the behaviour of 50 to 70 year olds (say, an increase in sales of Barbara Taylor Bradford novels :-) ). Of course this is an unrealistically stark situation, but it illustrates the idea that unless you know more a simple increase in life expectancy does not necessarily mean that fewer people are dying before reproduction age.
(It's actually more complicated than that in that some life expectancies that are quoted are for those who have already alive a given age; getting life assurance at 50 actuaries will use tables using only data from people who lived to 50 anyway. If the life expectancy you quoted is of that sort this may be relevant.)
There's a definitionhere.
I agree with you, but I am not saying the fewer people are dying before reproductive age, just that fewer people are dying.
My point is that even though the situation regarding food and water (the proxy used for the impact of energy on population growth) was more or less the same in 1960 and 2006 (in both there was a huge surplus), population increased. This is attributed mainly (not only, but also by the Government) to advances and coverage of healthcare.
On the other hand, the declining birth rate is a function of urbanization (mainly), and as this processs goes forward, the Brailian population is bound to stabilize in about 30 years (note that there was no one child policy, or even incentives for lower families, and abortion is still illegal due to lobby from the Church).
Re life expectancy, global life expectancy, after increasing steadily for decades, reached a peak in 1998 and is currently slightly lower than in 1998. IMO we are post-peak Global Life Expectancy.
Have you got a link for that?
Not that I doubt you, but demographics are a hobby of mine, so I would be interested in looking at the data - sometimes also statistical artifacts influence the figures, so for instance a high birth rate of Africans with low life expectancy may reduce world life expectancy figures, even though everyone individually has a greater life expectancy in both the developed and developing world!
So I would like to take a look at the figures - The Population Reference Bureau, my usual source, does not seem to have them.
CIA factbook has it at 66 for 2008-it was slightly higher in 1998 (google it). In 1998, World Life Expectancy in 2008 was projected to have increased substantially as it had for decades prior.
My comment was just that there's a difference between life expectancy and population (beyond the "overlapping of generations" effect). If statistics show Brazil's population is increasing then that's what's happening, but that's pretty much independent of life expectancy. I'm still a bit sceptical that any advances in medicine in the past fifty years particularly influence population levels (as opposed to dramatically increasing quality of life at all ages and extending the proportion of people who die at, say, 75 rather than 65).
The statistics DO NOT show Brazilian population growing so much, in fact in 2008 we had our first year at less than 2 children per woman (1,9), we are just geting older, not that much bigger....its a fact, and it owes to medicine.
Yes, but we started off talking about population levels (because they generally correlate with resource usage and hence environmental degradation). To be clear: I think modern medicine probably gives people maybe 5-15 years of life expectancy after they reach 65 (say), and I'd really, really hate to live in a society without modern medicine and I want my individual lifespan as long as possible. But I think resource use is generally linearly proportional to the length of life, so extending lifespan by 10 percent increases resource usage by 10 percent.
The question is whether modern medicine leads to population increase (beyond the minor increased "overlapping of generations" that happens if you add on years to the end of life). If medicine were to lead to, say, a doubling in population (even if, say, it kept individual lifespan the same), that would double resource usage. If that happens every generation then resource usage would increase exponentially.
[I don't think you can delete comments, people just edit them to say "removed".]
sorry wrong place for the comment. How do I delete?
More energy doesn't necessarily mean more population growth. As you note, a high standard of living results in lower birth rates.
But it doesn't take much to boost the population. Farmers in Bangladesh don't drive Hummers or live in air-conditioned McMansions. But they do use petroleum-derived fertilizers and diesel for their irrigation pumps. That is what's made the population difference.
You are quite right that there are many factors that affect population growth, but what's made today's population possible is fossil fuels. We used to fight wars over bird poop, so valuable was fertilizer. Now, we fight the wars over oil.
We fight wars over oil not because it is key to population growth, but because it is key to the generation of wealth.
According to the World Bank, infectious disease was responsible for about 34%(16.7 million people) of TOTAL deaths in the world in 1990(compared with 0.6 for war that year). Many of theses diseases have a cure, which is shown by the fact that in the US the number of deaths due to infectious disease was only about 77.000, if you extrapolate the same numbers for the EU (with similar population) not even 1% of deaths due to infectious disease happened where good health care was available.
PS: These numbers sound too stagering for me to grasp too, but they are referenced on google books? Infectious disease on Humans, page 2 and 9.
To get a better grasp on how many people can die as a result of disease, lets just take one epidemic that still has no cure? AIDS.
In 2003 alone about 3 million people died of AIDS, and about 20 million from the 80s until then. AND that is a relativelly low contagion disease, with circunstances relativelly easy to control (a condom would do it most of the time). Imagine if the AIDS virus were airborn, or transmissible through mosquitos. Those figures would explode, PO or not.
Another example, as recently as the 18th century 400.000 people died annualy of smallpox in Europe! That was Europe, the pinnacle of civilization at a time, and 400.000 was a much bigger percentage of the european population then. Smallpox also decimated the aztech and American Indian populations, greatly helping European domination during the conquest of the New World.
More recently, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 300,000 children (the vast majority are younger than five years of age) die from measles each year, and that is a big improvement from the 891.000 that died just in Africa in 1999. Note that these figures reflect a time where a cure was already available. Imagine the effects before that.
Before penicillin, people would die of the flu, or even from a tootchache.
Please also note that I do believe in PO, and that, unfortunately its onset will only contribute to make these horrible numbers even worse, but I disagree with atributing energy as the big driver in population increase. The sad fact is that disease kills more than hunger, even today.
For the data on smallpox:
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1200696#B4
Again there's an unstated assumption, which is that the basic rate of "possibly fatal" infectious disease infection in the US is the same as everywhere else. (Ie, it also matters how much "possibly fatal infectious disease there is going around" as well as "should you be infected, the probability of dying".) That may well be the case, but it requires additional facts to demonstrate. (Eg, sleeping sickness appears to be classified as an infectious disease, but I'm not going to catch that in the UK. Does the UK have other fatal infectious diseases that make up for not having this particuar disease "available"? I don't know.)
Again, I'm not necessarily disagreeing with your conclusions but pointing out they don't follow inevitably from the numbers you quote.
Yes, you will not get many infectious diseases in the UK because they have been erradicated in Europe and the US, measels, small pox, mumphs, are some of the examples. But also look at more modrn epidemics. AIDS, the chances of you getting AIDS in the UK are far smaller than in South Africa, and if you do get it, your chances of getting treatment for it and living more or less a normall life are much better. The difference is you have better access to medicine AND education (and culture). These are HUGE population drivers. Today probably bigger than energy.
I think it would be nice to quote sources. The classic teaching in medical school is that public health had more to do with life expectancy than anything else, specifically sanitation, better nutrition, control of the food supply (milk, especially), etc... Antibiotics do play a role. More details available here:
http://www.answers.com/topic/life-expectancy
The thing to understand about infectious diseases is that they do not all affect everyone in an equal way. I am most likely to survive pneumonia (or measles) because I have been well-nourished all my life. My babies are less likely to die (than those of the average Haitian, to take an example) because I understand nutrition and sanitation, have access to infrastructure for these, and I am not under high levels of stress (you should see what domestic violence does for rates of premature birth!). The average Tanzanian in 1986 when I was there weans her baby on rice alone. No meat, not even beans or spinach. Too expensive. You do need some special cells to fight off infection, though antibiotics are powerful help.
And why do you think in your infinite wisdom, developed countries have the means to cure and fight disease?
Would cheap energy have anything to do with that? How do you think medicines, x-ray machines, hospitals, poisons and pesticides are mass produced, transported and used?
How do you think education became available to the common (cultured) person?
I suppose you think slavery, children working in mines and factories, fourteen hour days six or even seven days a week, back breaking farm work, prison terms for stealing a loaf of bread, hanging for stealing a horse were all improved, prevented or stopped because of medicine.
Do you think one percent of the population feeds the rest due to medicine?
You are so naive it's heartbreaking.
Drop half the energy from the world right now, do you really think the population will continue to grow because of medicine and medical procedures?
Do you have access to plentiful clean water, the food you need and decent clothing and shelter? Is that due to medicine?
You now throw (your) culture into the mix, I think you are more than naive, you are plain stupid and bigoted.
Well I am certainly NOT biggoted. When I referenced culture as a driver for growth I meant Urban vs rural culture, which reflects directly on birth rates.
My point is that ENERGY is not the end all and be all of HUMAN HISTORY. I wholeheartedly agree that it plays a very big (increasingly big role), but there are other vectors. Just take your post and substitute medicine for energy. Do you think it holds water? Education became available because of energy? Children working in factories 15 hours (or in orange fields in Texas) are a lot more a function of social structures than the availability of energy.
You are crazy if you think one percent of the population feeds the rest!! You are saying that 99% of the human population is urban???!! Your figures clearly do not take into acount subsistence levels of production. More than 60% of indian population is still rural.
I agree if you drop half the energy from the world it WILL stop growing, of course. But if you also drop modern medicine from the world it will stop growing just as surely, only people who have never witnessed the overwhelming power of an epidemic can think that medicine has no effect on human growth. Without it we would all die sooner, and die a lot more!! There would be no means of birth control (other than abstinence).
If you stick to simplistic analisys you will not get real solutions, but then again maybe that IS the point. There is NO solution other than let people in Africa and Asia die (because who do you think will get the shorter end of the stick when we reach PO). That would rebalance the Earth, for sure. Maybe it is you who is biggoted.
http://www.dieoff.org/page69.htm
Do some googling .............."population percentage in agriculture"
Your link does not say anywhere that 99% of the population is sustained by 1% of the population. At all.
Also, there is a lot of improvement for energy reduction in agriculture. See this link. In the US, the most heavily mechanized agriculture on eatrth only uses 20% of energy in actually growing things , the rest goes to transportation (still vital), but also packaging, freeezing, restaurants etc (not so vital). The US is NOT the world, people in Africa do not buy packaged foods and freeze them. More than 90% of poultry in India is bought live.
Here is another link that puts the problem into more perspective. My point is that there is room for correction, and that education, not starvation should be the main driver for population control (of which I am a strong advocate).
http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=2532
Reducing the death rate isn't the issue. Human fecundity can quickly make up for even severe dieoffs. The issue is not the birth rate or the death rate, but how many people can be kept alive at once.
I think you are also overlooking the energy cost of complexity (see Tainter).
They don't have access to this stuff but they have access to bookoodles of fossil fuels allowing their popluation to explode? O_o
President Clinton bombed a pharmaceutical plant in Sudan that made penicillin, among other drugs. Antibiotics are available in most of the 3rd World, and they do reduce mortality.
Likewise, eradicating smallpox prevented deaths. Cholera is much better controlled, and some progress with malaria. HIV is offsetting some of these gains though.
Alan
Sure, they're available in the 3rd world...to those who can pay for them.
Preventing deaths isn't really the issue. People make up for high death rates with high birth rates.
The issue is how many people you can keep alive at the same time.
I wouldn't claim energy was the "only" or "main" driver of an ecosystem, but I'm unconvinced that medicine is the dominant force in human population size (as opposed to "quality of life" in that population).
Anecdotes are poor quality data, but they're something: I've whilst I've been in hospital for a couple of medical procedures they weren't life-threatening (even in a second order "reduced fitness" sense). I've relatives who've had all sorts of medical procedures, but with the exception of cancer treatments none of those (AFAIK) have been for life threatening things. Stuff that would dramatically reduce the quality of life, but not things that would affect living to an age where they would have had children. On the other hand, every day I keep warmer and healthier than the homeless people using cheap energy, use sanitation built using energy intensive machines, eat food that has been trucked in to a supermarket, grown with fertilizers and machinery both of which require large energy inputs. If medicine is so much, much more important to keeping human beings alive than energy, then shouldn't almost everyone have experience of life saving medicine that is vaguely comparable with their energy consumption?
Also, did plagues actually keep the population in check? Ie, googling claims between 30 and 60% of Europe was apparently hit by the bubonic plague: did that reduction in population actually last longer than one generation or did population "spring back"? Quick googling doesn't reveal what happened afterwards: anyone know?
The Black Death was one episode in a long process of overpopulation pushing against resource limits, and had been preceded by the Great Famine:
http://www.vlib.us/medieval/lectures/black_death.html
Population recovery was slow and uncertain, particularly in the more crowded lands in the West and South of the continent, and punctuated by more outbreaks of plague.
Here is the situation in Britain:
http://books.google.com/books?id=pLY8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=popu...
Population remained low until at least the 1520's, so there is over 200 years of no growth in Britain.
When the viability of children is in question, the human family responds by making many more of them. The uncertainty of knowing whether your kids will be around to provide for your old age, is ameliorated by having as many kids as possible. This more than offsets for the increased morbidity and leads to high rates of population growth.
Leanan,
The discovery and development of antibiotics was significant, but as you state likely not as significant as suggested. Further, its darkside that now haunts us is a host of multi-drug resistant bacteria. These did not exist to the extent they do now, vs just 10 to 15 years ago. (rough guess)
Community acquired infections can travel at the speed of light in concentrated areas, like a City, or across the world in commercial/military planes and container ships.
Antibiotic contributions likely pale in comparison to the development and continuous refinement of the standard immunization series, and of general anesthesia which allowed for (painless) surgery. These two are arguably the most significant medical advances of the 20th century.
Of course Public Health (clean food and water) were major developments, which in turn were amplified, greatly, by fossil fuels.
Don't expect the engineering/economist types that predominate on these boards to "get" ecology. Ecosystem dynamics are profoundly complex. Hell, I don't claim to "understand" ecology myself, and I have a degree in it. The techno fetishists don't even know much basic biology, let alone the interrelationships of organisms with one another and with the abiotic environments. (I had to explain what "gonads" are to one of the poohbahs of TOD not long ago.) Let 'em enter inaccurate data into Excel, make their colorful graphs with the Chart Wizard, and pontificate bullshit. "Garbage in, garbage out." They'll be masturbating over their fantasies of electric trains for christmas, powered by thorium reactors, as they starve. There's no cure for such willful ignorance. Just ignore 'em. ;)
Yes, that's how you can tell peak oil is truly scientific: the bitter, frothing hatred for scientific progress.
Quite right, all the scientifically-illiterate republicans either elected or appointed in the last decade have set us back quite a ways. Their hatred for science has bewildered lots of us. With the truly analytical types that understand peak oil and oil depletion increasing in number we will once again start to make some progress.
Reality doesn't agree with you:
"The total fertility rate is below its replacement level in most OECD countries with the only exceptions of Mexico and Turkey (at 2.2) and Iceland and the United States (where it is around 2.1). In 2004, fertility rates averaged 1.6 across OECD countries, well below the level that ensures population replacement"
The richest nations with the greatest access to resources have the lowest fertility rates. That simple fact should make it quite clear that human populations do not have the same dynamics as other animal populations.
Indeed, major demographic projections (UN, US Census) agree that human population is highly likely to peak and decline in the latter half of this century, even assuming business-as-usual. This trend has been under way for decades - the rate of population increase has been falling so fast that population growth is sublinear: more people were added in the 80s than will be added in this decade.
Human population is not growing exponentially, no serious demographers expect it to, and there is a strong correlation between wealth/development and lower fertility rates. Anyone who rants about "exponential population growth" is simply being naive.
So does that potentially mean that when living standards lower in the OECD countries, that fertility rates could increase?
When living standards fall in developed countries, then birth rates normally fall too.
This was the broad picture in the 30's, and was repeated when communism fell in Eastern block countries.
Unfortunately, this does not apply to agricultural societies, or ones engage in conflict, where the only retirement plan available is to have children, and if it becomes more likely that some will die then the pressure is to have more.
High birth rates throughout the Vietnamese conflict, and in Afghanistan and the Sudan for instance, show this tendency.
It would seem then that the previous pattern of declining birth rates in the developing world, which many of us hoped might lead to a gradual attainment of zero growth, is unlikely to survive severe hardship.
Since previous projections were neither peak oil aware, nor financial crisis aware, it seems to me that they are obsolete.
It would seem to be a race between far higher mortality and higher birth rates in much of the world, with endemic conflict likely as in parts of Africa at present.
I have previously tried to come up with some sort of guess, based on no nuclear war, no very severe falls due to climate change but ongoing deterioration of the world economy and oil availability.
My guess put the figure for 2050 at around the same as the current figure, rather than having a 3 billion increase previously assumed in UN figures.
This would mean very severe conditions in much of Africa, the Middle East, and perhaps India.
Population is growing exponentially at a decreasing rate. It's up to you whether that is progress enough. You seem to say that population can only grow at a exponential rate if that rate is ever increasing.
The problem is it isn't growing exponentially or linearly. This is after the fact curve fitting.
"Technology" has allowed for cheaper and more plentiful birth control which has allowed us to start to rapidly decrease the rate of world population growth"
and yet, the Pill was introduced in 1960 and the world's population was an estimated 3 billion, nearly 50 years of the pill being available and the world's population is approaching 7 billion
This is success? I'd hate to see what a birth-control failure would look like
"A cheap and plentiful energy source would allow us to further distribute birth control and other family planning methods to the rest of the world. Why can't the doomers "get" this?"
sure it would - now show me a viable "cheap and plentiful energy source" and I may have a moment of hope...
why can't the cornocopians get limits to growth, resource constraints and the "no free lunch" aspect of energy availability on this planet?
People don't seem to take birth control because it's good for them, but because it's convenient for them. Poor people are breeding their own beasts of burden or slaves, in a sense. They resist birth control. Rich societies find children an inconvenience, and after a generation or so their culture adjusts to reduce birth rate by all sorts of means. The pill was marketed because of that demand, not the population crisis. We all know that women's education carries the single biggest weight in birth rates.
Now how incredibly cheap must energy get such that the billions of folks making less than $3 a day could afford robot servants instead of breeding more kids?
Good freaking grief! I am assuming that you are male and therefore did not have to deal with
"the Pill" on a personal level. Initially, it was 21 days on followed by 7 days off. I am exceedingly well educated, highly numerate, and did not want children while progressing my career. Yet, even I goofed up once in a while. Take an illiterate, anumerate woman without the financial or even geographical access to the pill and HTF (pun or not, your choice) was she to keep to the schedule,assuming she had access to it
in the first place. The longer lasting options
available today still present access and financial problems. The social and "retirement" issues have been well dealt with by others.
I am not saying we humans would go on to grow to other planets, just that it is theoretically possible. If we had a really cheap energy source, we would be highly rewarded. Why grow plants under the sun, when you can light them 24-7 for very cheap indoors? Global warming, no problem just suck that CO2 right out of the atmosphere. A steep enough energy gradient would allow replication of the environments under which DNA based life flourishes to other planets. This gradient would need to be very steep indeed, but not nearly as steep as that required to reach galactic scale. I personally don't think either are possible which would explain my purchses of Jan 2011 100 USO leaps. Its fossil fuels or nothing...
I disagree with the premise. To my view, rampant poverty, illiteracy and desperation is one of the causes for rampant polution, and population growth.
As Hard as it may be to realise, poverty in 3rd world countries contributes strongly to the burning of forests, poverty can be a very important part of pollution and environmental degradation (just see the slums in the third world), as well as over utilization of rivers and water resources, AND birth rates.
It is not Energy that keeps the plantet´s population high and growing, it is a vicious circle of poverty and ignorance that leads a poor (say) Indian woman to have 5 children in the hopes that one (male) child will survive and work in orther to support her in her old age (India has no comprehensive retirement scheme, they depend on their sons).
This dynamic is enhanced by the advances in vaccines and mass medicine that are relativelly inexpensive and can help keep more babies alive, albeit in a constantly undernourished, ill educated status. Without growth, and growth that generates income and education in the poor parts of the world, we will certainly not have any hope of ever stabilising the planet (or do people think that starving the poor in africa can count as a legitimate method for population control?)
But Onedip;
Energy and Technology has allowed the so-called first-world nations and corporations to colonize and manipulate vast swaths of the world that then get called 'third world'.. these poor areas get blamed for their own misery, since the Industrialists have an energetically-supported luxury of staying well out of sight of those sorry states, and so can avoid being obviously implicated in their 'failure to thrive'. Bhopal, East LA and Haiti are not devastations of their own making, they were rubes of a business and social model that is more than content to sweep our crap under someone else's rugs.
Bob
Yeah. That has a lot of truth in it, is a bit of an oversimplification. It is wrong to portray 3rd world countries as passive actors and mere victims of imperialistic schemes. But in general I agree that the developping (or 3rd world) countries have been the target of a lot of crap.
But again, to associate abundance of energy with domination is not historically correct (technology has mor to do with it, but even that does not tell the whole story).
I am not against energy or technology (on the contrary), I am very much against waste that has flourished mainly in rich societies, that is all.If we are talking survival of the species here or back to the caves crunch we have still a LONG way to go. The average American conumes 6x more energy than the average Brazilian (hardly a dirt poor country), that says that if Americans would reduce energy conumption level to something on par with Brazil, there would still be enough energy to go around to bring 1 billion people to Brazilian life standards...a trade up for practically all of Africa and even most of Asia.
"But again, to associate abundance of energy with domination is not historically correct (technology has mor to do with it, but even that does not tell the whole story)."
a chicken and egg problem
technology IMHO has for the most part comes after the energy source is discovered e.g. oil 1859 and the internal combustion engine ~1880.
the another way to look at this is, we can dream big dreams as if it is common e.g. man on the moon, genetic engineering and skyscraper that goes thousands of feet high only if we have an abundance of energy.
Technologies and discoveries are simply extensions of our faculty based on available resources (energy and material).
Cinch
Well, the other way round where the energy was in place first and then a tachnology was invented to harness it is also common. Think of sail boats, windmills and water mills, also think of horses being harnessed to a plow.
When I talk about the other factors that affect domination I am thinking of organizational and even institutional factors. Think the roman war machine, it was mainly better organised than the "barbarians" it conquered, also the conquests were long lived based, to a great extent, on the strength and flexibility of Roman institutions, Roman Law, its ability to incorporate citizens from the fringes of the empire, etc.
It doesn't seem to me a chicken and egg problem. Rather it seems that technology, culture, society and energy use are of a piece. Tech at one leve makes no sense for an energy level that doesn't match. Consider copyright and intellectual property. The law and societal structures (technology) built around intellectual property would not be there at sailing ship energy levels, eg in Ben Franklin's time. Another example - globalization.
The problem is that even within Brazil you have tremendous disparity. There are many rich Brazilians who live in gated communities and commute to work in helicopters and then there are millions of Brazilians who live in favelas (shantytowns). You see the same thing in Mumbai where Mukesh Ambani is building a $2 billion (I am not kidding!) house while 50% of the population lives in shacks or sleeps on the sidewalk. You now have rich people in Bangalore living in million $ houses in gated communities and commuting to work in BMW SUVs. You will never be able to convince the rich Indians/Brazilians/Chinese/Russians to reduce their energy consumption. If Americans reduce their consumption, it will not benefit the poor in Asia or Africa; what will happen is that the wealthy in BRIC countries will simply buy more SUVs and bigger houses.
Yes, that's the problem. Certainly, the wealthy could cut back their consumption so poor farmers in Africa can have fertilizer for their crops.
But that's not going to happen. And even if it did, it's strictly a short-term solution. Oil production will keep falling. Population will be increasing. The crash, when it comes, will be even worse.
My point is that on average, even accounting for imense income disparity, Brazilian people have broad access to consumer goods (99% of families have TVs, about 85-90% have fridges, 1 car for every 7,5 people, etc).
If the world would "downgrade" as a result of peak oil to the level of Brazil, we would be still very far away from the caves and hunting for survival. It also mean that you can achieve a moderate level of living standards while using a LOT less energy. We should try to do that.
Besides the argument that if americans reduce their consumptio the excess will go to the rich in the BRICs is a bit of a cop out and a generalization. There are not enough rich people in the BRICs to do that. Less consumption in America would mean lower energy prices for everyone, rich and poor alike, and since the poor spend a bigger part of their income in energy than the rich, they would benefit proportionally more from a reduction in prices.
I am not saying that it will happen (I agree with Leanan that it is highly unlikely) but to say that it would not help the world at all is merelly a band-aid to salvage our conscience...
Less consumption in America would mean lower energy prices for everyone, rich and poor alike, ........
For a while; then the wealthy or not so wealthy in other parts of the world will be happy to pick up the slack and in a few years we will be back to square one. If Americans trade their SUVs for scooters, they will sell more Tata Nanos in India :-)
Think of it this way: when oil was cheap a few years ago, the global demand for oil was growing at the rate of approximately 2 million barrels per day per year. If America stops importing oil, it buys the rest of the world just 6 more years before we are back to square one.
And this doesn't even account for declining exports which will happen whether Americans consume a lot or not.
Lets try a different example. If Americans trade their SUVs for honda civics the prices of fertilizers will drop...
If the Chines sto subsidizing fuel so much (which they might do soon) the price of fuel might ease a bit , and maybe kids that have to walk for 3 hours to go to school might get some public transportation or even a ride...
Everything matters.
Ofcourse, conservation by wealthy will make resources cheaper for a while. But my point is that after the slack is picked up by others, resources will become very expensive again. As I pointed out in my example above, even if the US oil imports fall to zero, it will only take the rest of the world 6 years to pick up the slack. In real life it will be earlier than that because of declining exports.
My kids are 9. With them I am pro-growth.
I am 39. With me I am anti-growth (we are talking physical here).
I take the same attitude with the economy.
(1) Are there sectors that need to grow--yes.
(2) Are there obese sectors or ancient sectors that need to decline or die--yes.
(3) Is the human economy in its totality too large relative to the planet--yes.
Therefore, any stimulus plan needs to increase 1 and allow 2 to decrease so that total economic scale is reduced.
I am not talking about money when I talk about scale, but actual quantities of low entropy materials extracted, work performed, and waste created.
You're right, but ultimately every president stands before the voters after 4 years and the grand inquisitor asks the voters, "Are you better off than you were 4 years ago?" And the voters check their bank statements and how many toys they've stuffed in their McMansions. That seems to be the part we can't get around in a democracy.
Pro-growth or anti-growth? What is the point proposed by pigeon-holing people into one of two preconceived partitions?
Because we'd have to understand (1) what we mean by growth and (2) in what environments, specific or general, are we talking about growth.
A lot of people think that growth is the creating of something from nothing, and that's not how it works. All growth is the temporary appropriation of materials from somewhere else (this follows from Conservation of Mass). In the process, on a fundamental level, nothing is created or destroyed, only depleted in one area and increased in another.
All living things "grow" in this fashion. But after a sustainable point, molded by evolutionary and complex self-organizing forces, growth ceases and the system of the living thing is maintained until collapse (death) from injury, old age, etc. Cancer is a disorder in this process in living things, where cells become damaged and replicate out of control.
It is not a matter of being pro- or anti-growth. It is about whether it is appropriate for our society, our species, and the ecology upon which we rely.
As to answering the question of appropriateness, we can look to mass poverty, resource depletion, arable land depletion, deforestation, climate change, species mass extinctions. Growth at this point is certainly no longer medium-term or long-term appropriate for us or the ecosystem, and hasn't been for quite some time.
There are two confounding problems with this.
The first is that in the short-term, where we humans make most of our decisions, growth is the only remotely appealing option for the overwhelming majority of people. Everything else involves major sacrifices and/or hardships somewhere.
The second is the issue of making changes in a massively complex social system (6.7 billion nodes and counting) at a time when the system is already under incredible stress. Nobody understands all the issues, details, forces, and inter-relationships involved between and among billions of people, and altering such a complex system opens it up to black swans (Black Swan theory, wiki on "The Black Swan" by Nassim Taleb).
These black swans, unintended consequences of our mis-informed actions, tend to make matters worse, not better.
Not pro-growth or anti-growth, but instead anti-constraint or objectively pro-constraint. So the question becomes: do we believe in ultimate hard constraints or not?
I, for one, am completely in favour of growth, no growth would condemn billions of people around the world especially in the poorer parts of Africa and Asia to a continuous life of strife, misery, and violence that is today much worse than the worse Long Emergency scenarios.
Growth, however, needs to be balanced and not predicated on wasteful consumerism, if growth policies are needed to help arrest this downturn, they should be aimed at increasing efficiency in the economy, especially in the energy sector, not on just throwing money out the window and telling people to go shopping for more "apple corers", "pasta turners", or magic electric belts that will make your fat ass lose weight even while you sit in your couch drinking beer and buying more crap from TV...
This growth predicated on gadget buying at a frenetic pace (this IPod is so 2008 already...) is, in my view unsustainable, and will sap the strength of even a strong economy, let alone one debilitated by rampant economic mismanagment.
" they should be aimed at increasing efficiency in the economy, especially in the energy sector, "
to think of energy as just one of the sector in the economy is flaw. It is the lifeblood of all biological systems, not just humans.
Cinch
I, for one, am completely in favour of shrinking. Growth would condemn billions of people around the world especially in the poorer parts of Africa and Asia to a continuous life of strife, misery, and violence that is today much worse than the worse Long Emergency scenarios.
The only smart growth is shrinking. That increases the share of the commonwealth available to eash person and decreases the footprint each of us puts on Gaia's neck. We are a heavy burden and we are killing her. And nether can we live without her.
cfm in Gray, ME
I stand against re-igniting growth. I favor government spending to help us shrink comfortably -- i.e. reviving small, dense towns with surrounding diversified agriculture, light industry and few or no cars; contracting and densifying the suburbs; getting cars out of urban areas; running train tracks down the median strips of interstates, radically reducing truck and car traffic, etc.
Millions of people are being sidelined, the market economy no longer has room for them. It's a great opportunity to begin going in the direction we will have to go anyway.
The market system can't be allowed to just collapse, so intervention is needed. Fed money should be carefully targeted at those business necessary to keeping the essentials working. The bailout approach is useless and criminal. The Fed should have nationalized the banks and/or made the loans directly. There should be no attempt to prop up asset values.
A steeply progressive tax schedule should be imposed, same for estate, and possibly an assets tax. For that matter, there should be a steep tax on oil too. Instead, they are printing money, wrecking the currency. Deflation and credit contraction will be replaced with hyper-inflation at some point. The money raised should be used to make sure no one starves, has a roof and medical care, and a job, and to carry out above programs. There's plenty to do in shrinking, radical retrenchment I call it. The shrinking will take place one way or another. It will be a lot less painful, at least for the common folk, if we do it under our control.
Chances of happening anytime soon? Zilch. Still, has to be put out there.
I'm for growth to lunar colonies, terraforming Mars, and possibly inhabiting Lagrange points. Maybe even leave Earth for recuperation (re: David Brin). Sure, its out there, but its a good goal, to find other places to thrive, and bring out more forms of life.
I'm sure as soon as I try to build a business doing safari trips to hunt Jovian lopers, there will be some PETA (people for the ethical treatment of aliens) activist sabotaging my transport ships.
I wonder if they'll taste like chicken?
I know you're just being a tease..
I don't belong to PETA, but you're damn right I'd fight it. You envision the existence of some species living on another planet, and what you come up with is a fantasy of going out there to shoot them down?
Kill what you need to eat.. kill if it's attacking your family. But selling tickets to go on a killing spree? I hope you don't complain about the junk on TV much, cause this is the same rubbish.
Happiness is a warm gun.. obey your thirst.
Bob
I am not anti-growth, I think that we need to function sustainably. There are two reasons why being anti-growth is overkill.
1. If to accomplish a task takes 100 joules of energy now, but through cleverness we can accomplish the same task with 50 joules of energy, then we can grow quite a bit.
2. There are massive amounts of energy resources available that we aren't tapping into because of inertia.
While certainly there are clear examples of modern technology reducing the efficiency of tasks (particularly farming, but I'm sure there are plenty of others), there are also examples such as computers. Certainly it is difficult to do a full life-cycle analysis of all of the R&D that has gone into electronics research over 50 years, but I think that if you consider increased capacity for computation as a society to be growth (and I do), then we have probably increased this capacity by many, many orders of magnitude. What would have certainly taken a thousand people a decade to do by hand can be done by a computer consuming 300W in a day (I'm specifically doing my fermi analysis on an example physics simulation, say turbulence).
This is just one example, but anti-growth is too far, what we need is a reevaluation of where we are investing our limited energy resources to cause the most benefit to society. If by shifting resources from flying planes to building high speed trains and better internet pipelines for communication, we can reduce our resource utilization by a factor of 10 (and I think this is probably the case, if not more than a factor of 10), then isn't that growth? Certainly we can communicate better for less energy...
If Obama's "growth" involves improving broadband internet access to better handle video conferencing and online collaboration, building high speed electrified rail to handle in-person interactions, improving building energy efficiency, and building renewable energy facilities with the goal to eventually increase our resource base, then we are simultaneously improving our societal efficiency (which if I recall is now at about 30% from articles I read here a while back, where an EROI of 3 or less was unable to sustain our civilization) while tapping into our massive unutilized resource base in the form of solar, wind, and (breeder) nuclear energy, then certainly we can continue to grow -- and it will create job "growth" in the short term as well.