What I would be interested in is the options the UK has to ramp up imports. What is the pipeline capacity, the LNG terminal capacity etc?

Ali - I wrote a huge post on UK gas last year and never got it finished, but here's an excerpt that details import capacity. In short, import capacity is no good unless you have gas to fill it:

Capacity to the Rescue?

The market driven response to declining UK indigenous gas supplies has been a massive expansion of gas import capacity. This includes several pipeline links to Norway and the Continent and LNG import / regasification infrastructure. This capacity as detailed in the National Grid NTS investment scenario document is summarised in the following chart.


The main new pipeline links to Norway are the newly opened Langeled pipeline joining the UK to the Ormen Lange field offshore mid-Norway. This pipeline goes via the Sleipner hub (see map) at which point Ormen Lange gas can come to the UK or be diverted to continental Europe. The other main pipeline is the Tampen Link joining Norway's northern oil fields to the UK's FLAGS pipeline system. This may pipe gas from Statfjord and other Norwegian oil fields to St Fergus in Scotland.

The UK is also joined by two interconnectors to Europe. The Dutch interconnector was bult to export UK gas to Holland and is currently an export only link. The Belgian interconnector may pump gas both ways and can be used to balance UK and European supplies. The UK interconnector web site allows you to monitor which way the gas is flowing.

http://www.interconnector.com/

The LNG import terminals are concentrated in Wales and the Thames estuary and are in the midst of massive capacity expansion. The South Hook facilities in Wales have been developed as a joint venture between Qatar Petroleum and EXXON Mobil which is a smart move by the UK, linking Qatar into our wholesale gas system.

Comparing the UK's annual demand with the planned capacity provides a massive sense of security. At peak, annual capacity of 200 BCM per annum is almost double the UK's requirement. However, as argued below, this is very misleading and provides a dangerous false sense of security for two reasons. First, it will be argued that there is unlikely to be sufficient gas on the international market to fill this capacity and second the annual cyclicity of gas demand creates problems meeting peak winter demand that is masked by annual data. These issues together with gas storage requirements will be dealt with in the following sections.

Thanks for the further detail - that indeed does not sound as worrying as I initially thought. And surely enough the Dutch and Belgians and Norwegians will sell some of their own spare capacity. At least the coming few years.

It would be an interesting exercise to follow each import connection and see what the issues on the other side are. What assumptions need to hold for these connections to deliver their capacity? Of course the whole peak story, but are there other complicating factors?

Real time data on nat gas flows into National Grid may be found at Instantaneuos Flows report.

Norwegian nat gas exports is still set to grow for some years, but as of this winter there is little or no extra production capacity partly due to close down of the pipeline between Kvitebjørn and Kollsnes due to a pipeline leakage. However, this was the situation last year also.

Belgium has little indigenous nat gas production and is themselves net nat gas importers. As of now, it seems that the only additional pipelined nat gas may be purchased from Russia transited through Ukraine and Central Europe to enter the UK through the Interconnector between Zeebrugge (Belgium) and Bacton.

The Dutch have considerable nat gas reserves and their production is in decline and is forecast to continue its decline. So far, this year Dutch nat gas exports to UK are a little down. That does of course not necessarily mean that they are unable to increase exports later this winter. Dutch nat gas is presently shipped through (BBL).

Then there is the possibilities of increased LNG imports.

Dear Euan,
If we are rescued by a mild winter, then lower demand by what is left of our heavy industry may pull us through this time. I am more concerned about the next few winters coming up. I would suggest that If we are in a verifiable cooling trend, then each winter will more resemble those of my youth until even collapsing demand outstrips supply.

I would say that there is an increasing probability with each passing year of blackouts. This started in the winter of 2005-2006, and in each year after, the risk increases. We may stay lucky this year, but if luck is the only thing that underpins UK Energy strategy, then ultimately luck will run out.

Conoco in Aberdeen are believed to have sent out letters of intention of redundancy. That is today's big rumour. Where one starts, more usually follow. I suspect (but hope not) that 2009 may be as big a bloodbath in the oil industry as 1986.

Mr Brown must call an election by May 2010. If he does so any earlier (- and I doubt he will), there is a good chance it will be a candle-lit election. But I think it is probably too late now for base load security and I think we will be begging our mainland friends for help by 2010.
rgds and good luck
Dropstone

Hello Dropstone,

Conoco - a mere 5 minutes walk from where I live. The very real threat here in the North Sea is decommissioning - for many installations decommissioning was delayed with rising oil prices - I can't help feeling that if oil prices don't recover quickly then 2009 may see a flood of applications to shut down the rust belt - with Brent in front of the Q. UK oil production may take a sudden step down. But I do think we'll see 100p / therm for gas this winter which may provide some pause for reflection.

In a few years time as UK indigenous supply runs down we will become more heavily dependent upon storage. And herein lies a major problem in that we need to import gas the year round to fill storage. eventually summer and winter demand (and price?) differentials will disappear.


If the weather does get colder- returning to the pattern of the 1970s - then many will suffer living in sub-standard housing, unable to afford heating. Higher heating bills will cause more people to share flats and houses and I suspect we will not need new houses to be built in the UK for a very long time - maybe never - making it difficult to upgrade the quality of the stock.

Euan, from your excerpts of your drafted post above;

Comparing the UK's annual demand with the planned capacity provides a massive sense of security. At peak, annual capacity of 200 BCM per annum is almost double the UK's requirement. However, as argued below, this is very misleading and provides a dangerous false sense of security for two reasons. First, it will be argued that there is unlikely to be sufficient gas on the international market to fill this capacity and second the annual cyclicity of gas demand creates problems meeting peak winter demand that is masked by annual data. These issues together with gas storage requirements will be dealt with in the following sections.

Bolding by me

That is what I consider vital to understand (as with many other things the devil is in the details) that annual supply/demand looking OK does not automatically translate into seasonal swings in demand/supplies as expressed in (Mcm/d or Bcf/d) are OK.

alig,

As Euan describes it is not lack of total UK pipeline and LNG import capacities, question is if the nat gas to fill up these capacities is there.