Clearly in a situation like this precious metals would become the only way to transact large international deals. Gold and silver would once again take their rightful place as the only real form of money.

If you look at how gold is on the climb again right now, you'll see that this is happening as we speak.
Gold Rises, Caps Eighth Straight Annual Gain, on Haven Demand

You say "clearly", but it's far from clear.

Historically people have used all sorts of things as currency. They've used,

- cocoa
- cowrie shells
- wooden sticks with marks on them
- gold
- silver
- iron
- cigarettes
- salt
- clay tablets representing a declining amount of grain
- electronic impulses

and zillions of other things.

What I found interesting was that during the Soviet colapse people traded things on their value compared to a snickers bar and shops paid out change in chewing gum. One man who was there said he went to one particular shop most often because they always paid change in the flavour of chewing gum he liked best.

I remember clearly a story from that time about a Soviet Union factory that paid its workers in sanitary napkins.

- cocoa
- cowrie shells
- wooden sticks with marks on them
- gold
- silver
- iron
- cigarettes
- salt
- clay tablets representing a declining amount of grain
- electronic impulses

I can just see people doing huge international transactions in cowrie shells or salt. Pah-lease. And as for "electronic impulses", they are what are causing the problem right now — fiat rubbish — so it's hardly the best option for the future.

I also don't imagine huge international transactions in gold or silver. We only have about 160,000 tonnes of gold in the world, total - 0.024kg or less than one ounce of gold for each of the 6.7 billion people on Earth. Or if we consider silver, about 43 billion ounces have been produced ever, about 6 ounces each. The medieval silver penny had a bit over a gram of silver, so that 6 ounces would allow some 170 pennies.

Would this really be enough currency for all the transactions people want to make?

My point was not that any particular way of having currency was the best, but that there were very many different ways of doing things throughout history - not just silver and gold.

Would this really be enough currency for all the transactions people want to make?

Yes! Let's say 1 dollar = 1 yoctogram. Plenty for everyone.

In absence of money there won't be any international anything anyway.

Beyond their industrial demand, precious metals are fiat currencies just like anything else.

Who does not understand this, has not read his history of money. Gold bugs can argue what they want, their arguments are not based on history or reality.

As such, if the thought game calls for a breakdown of not just the first line of money (national fiat paper currencies), but all forms of money, then it's back to barter we go. You have fish, I have grains. Let's barter.

However, before we would get there even in an imaginary scenario like that, I do believe we'd go through some other form of currency first. Maybe precious metals, maybe something else.

But let's not make the mistake of saying that any 'money' has inherent value, when it's all based on a social 'fiat' contract.

But barter with this many people would HAVE to have a new currency. Otherwise it would be too cumbersome -so the question is - how would society be organized and what would the rules be for the new currency? An energy backed one like Hubbert and the Technocrats suggested? Or a basket of basic commodities? I agree however, that gold will not play a long term role. Yes it represents embodied materials, but so does a car, or a barbecue grill. I think future currency backing (on a full planet) will have stronger links to real resources (energy, food, water, etc.)

How it will be done - that I don't know. But I figure starting from scratch we could at least tease out what principles would be involved...

Some of the community-based and/or intentional community barter systems use a time system. You work or trade an hour for a set amount of value. A key point is that all work has equal value. An hour of lawyering is equal to an hour of babysitting. (This has implications for education, of course, but again, if all education is given equal value and/or is merit-based - say, highest achievers getting their choice of major - then it might not matter.)

The starting value would be arbitrarily set, I imagine, but from that point on, there wouldn't be much need to adjust it up or down. If some resource isn't available, then that resource is doled out at a fraction of the set value. Anything that there's plenty of, well, there's just plenty of it.

Just thinking by the seat of my pants again, so blast away, folks.

Cheers

Nate-

But barter with this many people would HAVE to have a new currency. Otherwise it would be too cumbersome -so the question is

But I HAVE to have a Mercedes convertible by next week, so the money WILL be coming from your account, etc...
In the real (hypothetical!) world, barter with this many people will fail to have a new currency for some time (due to lack of confidence even after one is organised). And consequently people will be forced to try to cope with a hopelessly cumbersome barter system.
ccpo-

An hour of lawyering is equal to an hour of babysitting.

More like a year of lawyering is already becoming equal to jack shat. Ask the 40 lawyers already disposed of by the top firm in this city.

I think the cumbersomeness of barter gets overstated a lot.

Whereas I think you'll regret those words a lot.
With a failure of money there would be such a breakdown of the life-support system that a great dependence on local personal relations would take over. It would be much more to do with work exchange than things exchange.

I think the cumbersomeness of barter gets overstated a lot. That's not to say that money wouldn't re-emerge, if only because we live in a society heavily adapted and accustomed to fiat currency, but I do think it is important to recognize that barter systems can be very complex and sophisticated, and that monetary exchanges don't always *replace* - that is, barter offers refinements over and above monetary systems in tight-knit communities, among people where money is short (ie, the poor who never have a lot of access to currency), and it operates, when frequently used, to enmesh people in relationships with one another - often permanent ties, since nothing ever comes out "even" in bartering.

We tend to view economic history as a one-way trip away from barter, and towards currency by preference, because currency is so preferrable to barter. And for some things it is - but for some things it isn't, and it might be more accurate to argue that part of the problem has been the prioritization of a way of life that made barter seem inferior, rather than the inherent limitations of barter.

Sharon

I don't think it's inherently an either/or. The sticking point seems to be in applying a value. It is interesting to note that in the 17 and 1800's inflation was incredibly slow and stable. I forget where I read it, but I'm sure it was from here at TOD, but there was something like an 80 year period in the 1800's or so with virtually no inflation...

So, if we can determine a value that has some inherent value and, by extension, generally perceived validity, AND set up the system so it simply can't be screwed with, then it doesn't matter if you use a note to represent the "real" good(s) or not.

Or, so it seems to this non-economist.

Cheers

I think talk of a barter system is idealistic nonsense. It sounds good but be careful of what you wish for.
Governments need fiat money and taxation to keep the peace, to enable elections, health services, education and public services like police, coast guard, border patrol and weather forecasting etc.

Maybe look to Somalia to gain an insight in a system without government.
When you come up with a fair barter system which can pay the sailors and airmen, police and teachers with bags of beans then you have success.

I don't discount that bartering could become a means of survival but if it becomes widespread, it will most probably mean we have anarchy, warlords and slavery and a whole damn lot more misery than necessary.

I agree with you that a barter system would work. Why couldn't someone trade a certain weight of gold for a certain amount of fish?

Money does have inherent value, otherwise its not money. Gold and silver have inherent value; just look at the tremendous amount of effort and risk that is undertaken to remove it from the earth. By the way, definition for fiat - An authoritative command or order to do something; an effectual decree. Surely you don't believe that gold and silver only have value because the government says so? Because if you think about it, they would much prefer that you think the opposite. Follow this logic, and Gold and Silver are really anti-fiat money.

This thought experiment is interesting to me, as a proponent of free-markets and limited government intervention.

What I'm about to propose might be a little out there. I think that we already live in a world without money. How could this be, you ask? Well, think about what we currently use as "money". We use paper notes issued by the government, which are nothing but a promise that this paper will have some purchasing power in the future. It is fiat money ("fiat" means by decree, so our money is only money because the government says so, and because people believe it). Here are a couple of attributes of money that would probably arise in a free-market for money.

1. Store of value - In a free market people would look for money that would be the best store of value. As noted by Kiashu, that could constituent any good that has utility or is deemed valuable by people for any reason at all. Since 1913 the US money supply has been inflated by 1300%. That inflation means devaluing currency, hardly a solid store of value. Meanwhile, gold purchases roughly the same amount of goods in 1913 that it does today, it has not devalued at all. See gold/oil ratios over the past century and although there has been a range, its roughly unchanged.

2. Inherent value - Does our current money have utility? What can you use paper or 0's on a computer for? There is no inherent value for the latter and very little for the former (toilet paper?) Given that in the US, the dollar has lost 95% of its value (1300% inflation) since 1913 and the creation of the Federal Reserve, in a free market would you hold US dollars for any reason at all? Maybe some would, but I doubt many would consider promises from politicians to be more valuable than tangibles such as gold,silver,oil,land etc.

Another interesting thing to note is that in that inverted pyramid, finance and its derivatives rests at the top. A system based on real money would probably see Finance closer to the bottom or near the middle. Here's a great example, the FDIC insures all bank accounts up to $100,000. Consider gold as money; there would be no need for this entire organization if we had gold as money, because your money would be sitting in a bank vault, and would not be lent out to either people 10x over (fractional reserve banking). This is just one example, another big one would be that there would never have been a market for credit default swaps, a type of derivative that acts as insurance when a company goes bankrupt. These types of financial instruments, which total over 1000 trillion worth, are only possible under a system of endless monetary expansion. Another example, the ponzi schemes of social security and Medicare would not be possible with real money.

So instead of desiring a world without money, we should be asking for a world WITH money. Real money, not the counterfeit paper that is pushed out by the quasi-government-criminal Federal Reserve and all Central banks the world over (every country has one). In the US, our lack of real money keeps us forever in servitude to the owners of the Fed, with us wondering how in this age of prosperity we only seem to ever increase our debt. I think if people realised that they pay interest on debt which they themselves issued (Fed receives Treasury bonds in return for working a printing press), which brings in $100's of billions to the owners each year, they would be all for real money. The constitution of the US only allows the Federal government to issue money in the form of gold and silver. Maybe the Founding Fathers were on to something.

I would love some constructive criticism on this; I'm writing my undergraduate thesis on the destructive nature of central banking and the case for free-market money, and any comments would be much appreciated.

Oh, but the USDollar and most modern money is backed. It's issued by the government and will be paid out with next year's (or in 30 years') taxes. It's backed by the power of taxation. They'll take your gold away, if it is deemed to be the most effective tax.

Now, it would only be a shame if next year's taxes are less than this year's..

"I would love some constructive criticism on this; I'm writing my undergraduate thesis on the destruction nature of central banking and the case for free-market money, and any comments would be much appreciated."

Don't waste your time. Free markets only work in a utopia where everyone would follow the rules and not act “human” [irrational]. The Federal Reserve is a result of “free markets”. Individuals or groups will always gain more capital [power] over others and they will form cartels. There exists a drive within humans to have power over others and those with power will conspire together for more power. You can put in all the “checks and balances” in whatever form of government you can dream up but it will be as corrupt as the humans the designed it.

Seriously you might as well write your undergraduate thesis on the destructive nature of humans, then you might be getting closer to the answers you seek. Good luck, but seriously, free markets are dreaming with your eyes open…

==AC

"Physiologists should think before putting down the instinct of self-preservation as the cardinal instinct of an organic being. A living thing seeks above all to discharge its strength — life itself is will to power; self-preservation is only one of the indirect and most frequent results"

"My idea is that every specific body strives to become master over all space and to extend its force (its will to power) and to thrust back all that resists its extension. But it continually encounters similar efforts on the part of other bodies and ends by coming to an arrangement ("union") with those of them that are sufficiently related to it: thus they then conspire together for power. And the process goes on."

~Friedrich Nietzsche

Although you might believe that free-markets are dream, or utopia, my point is only to show that we would be better off. I'm not concerned with how improbable this is, just what would result in a return to sound money. My whole point is that sound money limits the power of those in control to devalue your savings endlessly and use your money for evil means.

If people desired to be free, and understood the game, we could end this control tomorrow. It would only take individuals to bypass central banking currency altogether. There is no law against what can be used as a medium of exchange. For example, we could use gold and silver coins to exchange goods between each other, and not use paper currency at all in the process. If these coins were once issued by the government, they would be legal tender, and taxes would only be paid on the face value. The effect would be a completely legal way to pay less tax, and usurp the power of the political majority. Another benefit to this is that it would strengthen local economies, as people would have more purchasing power, as the Fed would not be able to use the invisible inflation tax.

I never said it would be easy to create a system free from control of the elite, but the first, and most important step is to take away their credit card. Quickly, the American empire disintegrates; without the common citizen to pay the bills war and destruction would be limited. No longer would poor people have to go kill other poor people for the sake of the ruling elites. It would take a revolution, but with the only other option being endless slavery for our masters, is it not worth trying?

"I'm not concerned with how improbable this is."

If you are not concerned with the probability of it happening why waste your time?

"No longer would poor people have to go kill other poor people for the sake of the ruling elites."

At what period in human history did this not exist in some form post hunter-gather? As soon as there is any sort of agricultural surplus it will create economic inequality and class war will form.

"It would take a revolution, but with the only other option being endless slavery for our masters, is it not worth trying?"

One you slaughtered the top a new top would form and the cycle would begin again. There is no way out you are trapped if you want to lay down your life for some ideological cause, be my guest. May you find some sort of meaning or comfort in your existence because of it. The only advice I could really offer you was this little tidbit a read today:

"Stop trying to make a difference.
in trying to make a difference,
we grow attached to our efforts, and
the ideology that drives these efforts.
And attachment is at the root of suffering.
Thus, to let go of our attachments to
'make a difference' is to let go of suffering."

Good luck in your quest...

==AC

I would rather live one day as a free man, than a whole life as a slave.

Thanks for your support.

Fallacy of the excluded middle.

Specific to what?

Specific to the one thing you said. What else?

Between the absurd and rarely seen extremes of a single day as a perfectly free man and a lifetime as a slave there is a middle ground of a life where some rights are compromised for the sake of other rights or other people, and where you live not a single day nor a hundred years, but another 30 years or so.

So of all the things I wrote, thats where you choose to find the fallacy. missing the point no?

The quicker you realize you have been and always will be a slave the fuller your life will become. The freedom you seek can only be found in the graveyard, where all are truly "equal" and "free". Maybe like Kazanzakis you can have the epitaph "I want nothing, I fear nothing, I am free." chiseled into your grave stone. I am merely pointing out the contradictions in your romanticized notions of freedom and the myths you are perusing. Below is a link to a short piece that gives a brief summary of some of the myths you are holding as the highest good:

http://tinyurl.com/6wbket

==AC

“Each person “has” an idea of the absolutely real, the highest good, the greatest power: he may not have this idea consciously, in fact he rarely does. The idea grows out of the automatic conditioning of his early learning; he “lives” his version of the real without knowing it, by giving his whole uncritical allegiance to some kind of model of power. So long as he does this he is truly a slave; not only is he unconsciously living a slavish life but he is deluding himself too: he thinks he is living on a model of the true absolute, the really real, when actually he is living a second-rate real, a fetish of truth, an idol of power.”
~Becker, “The Birth and Death of Meaning”

Hi Chenri,

With all due respect, as a proponent of free markets and limited government intervention how do you explain the ongoing economic debacle? Is it not the product of free markets, and the deliberate reduction of government intervention?

The uncontrolled and 'out-of-regulatory-sight' creation of elaborate financial instruments is what just wrecked the global economy. Trillions of dollars of debt-based pseudo money was thereby created by a market that was 'free' of government intervention. No Fed or central bank was necessary.

The Federal Reserve is, as you stipulate, quasi-governmental. In other words, less subject to government intervention than if it were an actual component of the government. Indeed, the Fed is just a private board of directors representing the interests of private banks, but with the special privilege of creating money out of thin air. Are you proposing that it be relieved of that special privilege, and that the creation and control of currency be put back under the exclusive control of the government?

If so, then would not the regulation of money supply fall entirely upon the Treasury Department, thus increasing (not decreasing) the government intervention in business matters that you find objectionable?

Looks to me like the can of worms you propose opening might overfloweth.

Hi D. Benton Smith,

Thanks for responding. I will try and answer the case for the free market as best I can. This is a very broad topic, so forgive me if my response is a little narrow.

Most economists would agree that the current economic debacle was triggered by the increasing defaults on Sub-prime mortgages, which is both a result and cause of the real estate market bubble popping. Most economists would also state that this collapse is due to deregulation that saw the financial institutions recklessly lending, seemingly without any regard for the future. Oh my, how the free market has failed, they cry. We need more government regulation and nationalization to ensure that this does not occur again, to make sure that the nasty free market doesn't cause so much damage.

This issue can be understood in the same way as the question of what our world without money would be like. I argue we don't have money. I argue that we don't have anything that resembles a free market either.

In order to understand subprime mortgages, one must understand that there exists two Government-sponsored entities called Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. These two quasi-government entities subsidized mortgages for people who, under more-prudent rules of borrowing, would never have qualified for a loan from a conservative banking institution. In fact, Fannie and Freddie Mac hold half of all mortgage debt in the US. Without Fannie and Freddie buying up this mortgage debt, there would have been no market for debt that could never be serviced. Without the governments intervention, the free-market would have ensured that these loans would not have been made, and the result would be that we would not have a major collapse in real estate prices, nor would we have had a major run up in property prices.

Here's a quote from Congressman Barney Frank in 2003 , "I want to roll the dice a little bit more in this situation toward subsidized housing." Of course, when the luck eventually runs out, and the massive fraud is exposed, its quite convenient to blame the free-market and advocate even more government to solve the problem which they themselves created. Kind of like the fox eating some of the chickens, and than believing that only the fox should look after the chickens.

With regards to your question about the money supply being given back to control of the government. Here are two articles from the constitution;

Article I, Section 8, Clause 5: The Congress shall have Power…To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures.
Article I, Section 10, Clause 1: No State shall…coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debt.

The founding fathers understood how the Republic could be undermined through paper currency. If Congress took over control of the money supply and followed the constitution, they would mint gold and silver. Congress (and government) would also be handcuffed; they would not be able to spend at will, for there power would be limited due to their inability to "print" more money. Mining gold and silver is a very difficult task, and the supply of both metals only increases by about 3% per year. So you see, even if congress wanted to expand the money supply, they would be prevented from doing so. Not only that but instead of selling debt to private banksters, in which every citizen has to pay interest on, Congress would receive the interest payments from the people, which could be used to cover costs of the government, rather than increasing the power of the Fed owners.

I understand that there might be objections to this, which is why I also wouldn't find it a problem to allow competition in currency. Let the free-market decide what should be money, just as letting the free-market decide who should receive mortgages would have largely prevented the current economic debacle.

Reasonable?

Oops.
I read your two articles of the constitution as saying something completely different than that fed. has to be gold/silver backed. If you remain with "The Congress will have power" and "No state shall", then you don't need to read the rest.

Federal govnt can make "money" out of anything they damn well please. It's call the division of power - we can, you can't. Again, it goes back to power. Power, power, power. States, on the other hand can not make money. They can only circulate gold and silver. The fed. can also take away ANY of the proposed currency solutions that are discussed here. And if they want to, they sure won't play around (see the ban on private ownership of gold in 1932 (?)).

And that's why they call it a dollar "bill". It's a bill of debt, a bill of obligation...
"Legally, they are liabilities of the Federal Reserve Banks and obligations of the United States government." (wiki)

For all those others claiming the oposite, it's NOT a store of value... (except in a time of deflation, but that's not intended..)

Which is probably your point anyway.

It is a promise of the powers that be to honor it's own debt. Just think if we were all allowed to do that!

But no. This power is held ALONE by the federal govnt. States can issue gold and silver coins - if they think they're so rich!!

Greetings from Munich,
Dom

SamuM wrote a post earlier that tidily sums up what many who agree in spirit with gold-buggers but disagree in practice think.

-
"Beyond their industrial demand, precious metals are fiat currencies just like anything else.

Who does not understand this, has not read his history of money. Gold bugs can argue what they want, their arguments are not based on history or reality.

As such, if the thought game calls for a breakdown of not just the first line of money (national fiat paper currencies), but all forms of money, then it's back to barter we go. You have fish, I have grains. Let's barter.

However, before we would get there even in an imaginary scenario like that, I do believe we'd go through some other form of currency first. Maybe precious metals, maybe something else.

But let's not make the mistake of saying that any 'money' has inherent value, when it's all based on a social 'fiat' contract."
-

i think gold is a cooler currency because its so shiny, but other than that, i have got to agree.

Chenri, AC, Kiashu.

I get a strange feeling you are all absolutely correct, simple looking from different frames of reference and what you words have evoked in me is:

Perhaps we need to change there core of what we are as a species, mayhap a phrase like "Conscious Spiritual Evolution" is what You have inspired.

I'm working on it but with little progress so far. Technically it is possible for US to evolve out of "automatic control of our nature by the given wiring of our primitive brain structure"

If we can develop an education system that bypasses what is now a completely inadequate brain structure, we may be able to eliminate animalistic urges such as greed and the desire for power over others.

Get rid of a few "cardinal sins" and the problem of currency holding a steady value dissapears.

I know it is difficult to see through my fog, I'll go find my flashlight.
You may find it dazzles a bit at first. I am dedicating my year 2009 to elucidating this theme of "Conscious Spiritual Evolution"

(Chenri, you asked for input, sorry it's not immediately helpfull)