We were told that the pipes with the big loops are steam pipes, and the loops are to permit expansion and contraction. I am sure there could be other functions as well.

That makes sense too - thanks Gail

_All_ long runs of pipe on the surface in the Calif. desert require loops. The problem that is mitigated by the loops is expansion and contraction of the pipe due to temperature changes. Hot in the daytime Sun. Cold in the desert night. Of course, the steam pipes are not _always_ hot. They do have to provide for the contraction that must happen when they do maintenance on the boilers, or when there is a boiler breakdown. Mostly the loops lay horizontally. If they are vertical that might be because of something to do with steam condensation, but I doubt it. Water in the line would best be handled by having downward pointing Tees where it can collect and be bleed off.

BTW, I think I have seen such loops in refinery pipes in New Jersey.