284 comments on Where Is Oil Production Headed?: An Adverse Scenario
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GAIA Host Collective
The worst imaginable scenario is World War III, but production would perhaps only be cut in half.
For a world wide financial collapse scenario look to the Former Soviet Union's experience. (Perhaps you can post the USSR production graph?)
Discretionary oil use can reduced, but essential needs will be met. People will still eat and heat their homes and buses will still run. Police, fire and utilities will still function, although in the Soviet Union they often were not paid.
World wide economic collapse is happening, but the developing economies will recover quickly because they have unexploited potential in the form of basic industry and infrastructure needs.
The diagram above shows the development of oil, natural and electricity consumption for the Russian Federation for the years 1990 through 2007. During the five years post the disintegration of the Soviet Union, oil consumption were roughly halved, natural gas consumption fell with approximately 20 % and electricity consumption with roughly 25 %.
NOTE both y-axis’s are not zero scaled.
What preliminary data now suggests is that during this financial crisis oil, natural gas and electricity consumption falls.
That was certainly true for the Russian Federation, but as noted down the thread it also resulted in a huge drop in production, contributing to a large drop in net oil exports.
That's a very optimistic "worst imaginable" nuclear world war if I ever saw one!
From Mazmascience's energy browser (based on BP data)
[Edit: deleted graph as its creator Jonathan Callahan has posted the info below]
I just wish the fools try to maintain "status-quo" until they realize they don't have enough oil for wars. I wish, things unfold like its mentioned in the Long Emergency. But I'm scared to think of what the various nations will do given their latent nuclear weapons. They don't need (much) oil for firing these, anyway.
A self-destructing pakistan is good enough to start WWIII.
Paul,
The Former Soviet Union provides an excellent example of how any analysis based solely on past production rates can fail to predict future production.
The following graphs from the Energy Export Databrowser show production and consumption histories for the Former Soviet Union and for the Russian Federation. The data come from the 2008 BP Statistical Review.
Anyone looking at the FSU time series in the mid 80's would have surmised (or calculated with Hubbert linearization) that they were on their bumpy plateau and that their production (and exports) were about to suffer a decline.
Production did in fact drop significantly starting in 1990 but it was due to political rather than geologic factors. And consumption dropped almost as fast but with a slight lag. By the year 2000, FSU exports were at the same level they were in 1980 and they were significantly higher last year.
The bottom line is that political/economic factors are hugely important and less amenable to the kind of analysis that science and engineering types are comfortable with.
Techniques like Hubbert linearization, when applied to politically stable zones like US or North Sea production, let us know the outlines of possible production. But future production, consumption and price levels, especially in periods of political and economic chaos, remain very difficult to predict.
-- Jon
The HL method gives us a plausible estimate of the area under a production rate versus time curve, i.e., URR for a region. As such, it is far more accurate at predicting cumulative production than at predicting the production rate at a specific point in time.
In the comments section on my original post on the top net oil exporters, in January, 2006, after some discussion with Khebab based on HL modeling, I concluded that Russia would probably resume its production decline within one to two years. My premise was the ongoing rebound in Russian production was largely just making up for what was not produced immediately after the fall of the Soviet Union. I outlined the theory in this article:
http://graphoilogy.blogspot.com/2007/06/in-defense-of-hubbert-linearizat...
In Defense of the Hubbert Linearization Method (June, 2007)
I should add that all of this was based on using Russian production data through about 1984 to predict future cumulative production.
I have read articles suggesting that the decline in production (due to failure to adopt new technology) may have also been a cause in the failure. I haven't really looked at the situation in the Soviet Union, but all one needs is a flattening in oil available for domestic use, or a small dip, to start cause widespread debt defaults, and to begin a downward cascade.
Okay, I'm a little confused by this. What would have been analogous to "widespread debt defaults" in the Soviets' Marxist system?
Good question.
Simple answer:
____________________________
Widespread default of your Comrades' Promises.
The "promise" is a fundamental element (think H in periodic table) in all economic systems.
I do X for you to today in exchange for your "promise"
to do Y for me tomorrow,
where value of doing X today (as far as I'm concerned) =< value of getting Y tomorrow (as far as I'm concerned)
AND where I "trust" you to live up to your promise.
-----------------------------------------
Now in a capitalist system, "the promise" (basic element) is replaced by money (a complex compound) and the equation becomes something like this:
I do X for you to today in exchange for Money's "promise" (M amount of Money)
to do Y for me tomorrow,
where value of doing X today (as far as I'm concerned) =< value of getting Y tomorrow (as far as I'm concerned) based on having M amount of Money then,
AND where I "trust" society to live up to its promise that it will give me Y tomorrow in exchange for the M amount of Money I receive today.
---------------------------------------
You can see where this is going by substituting for Y, my expectation to receive Z barrels of oil for that M amount of Money I received today and where society is no longer able to deliver on its implied "promise".
When society can no longer deliver on its promises (be they capitalist money promises or commie comrade's promise to give to each according to his needs) you have default.
That is a good point. Even in this country, a lot of the promises that are going to be defaulted on are the implied promises that have been made. States have all kinds of programs - schools, universities, roads, medicaid, unemployment insurance. In the months and years ahead, states are going to find themselves unable to fund all of these promises.
The federal government has also made promises: Social Security; Medicare; war in Iraq and Afghanistan; keeping banks from failing; pay back its loans; money will hold its value.
It is pretty clear that not all of these promises can be honored. So far, there have not been major defaults on any of them, but they will be coming, as the amount of resources available decline.
That's the point Nate Hagens has been hammering, that we depend on real capital resources and that money is only a marker. Money doesn't even specify who owns the resources, but only the promise - the alleged promise. In a declining musical chair economy where there is more money than real resources, continual default will be the rule until that "excess money" collapses in debt and default. This implies to me a "flight to real resources" - not to cash, but to wheelbarrows, chainsaws and chainsaw parts.
cfm in Gray, ME
Paul Krugman in today's New York Times has an editorial that hammers in the point about folk not being able to live up to their "promises".
In this case he's talking about AIG, the insurance company that "promised" to cover the defaults of defaulting bankers but then itself turned into a "zombie" institution.
The insurance game is the ultimate in the making of promises, because they don't have to perform until after it is too late, and then what are you going to do about it? Sue them? Sue their ghosts?
But, but, but ... I've got it all here on paper, in the, in the contract. It says pigs "must" fly.
Some may wonder why "Gail the Actuary" would get into the oil business. Actuaries work in the insurance business and make all kinds of forecasts about claim experience, investment income, and most anything else that goes into insurance company operations. It was pretty clear from my early reading and thinking about the situation that peak oil would wipe out the financial system and with it the insurance system.
Insurance companies collect premiums, invest the proceeds until it becomes time to pay claims or benefits, and then pay out the claims or benefits. If everyone else is losing money on their investments, insurance companies are likely to lose money as well. Some actuaries work with pension plans, and the idea is the same --collect funding, invest it for a period or time, and then pay out benefits. Same problem.
Life insurance companies seem to be getting into trouble already because they promised more (on annuities and other products) than investments in real life are going to deliver.
Pension plans are likely already getting into trouble, but they can often hide the situation for a while. As I understand it, there is some flexibility in when a pension plan recognizes an investment downturn. Their payments are very long term in nature, so they likely have enough cash on hand for now, even if their investments aren't doing well.
Property casualty insurers (workers compensation, auto, homeowners, medical malpractice, etc) are doing a little better. They tend to invest in high-grade bonds, with much less exposure to stocks. Insurance regulations allow P/C companies to carry the bonds at amortized value on their books, unless there is a clear problem with the bond. With this accounting, unless there is really a default, the companies' financial statements still look reasonably OK. Also, if there is less driving, auto claims are likely down. I would expect homeowners' experience to get worse, with all of the vacant houses sitting around.
Gail, interesting perspective. Thanks.
I guess actuaries use a slightly different language. They don't call it a "promise" but rather a prediction or an actuarial projection with an assigned confidence level. But its all kind of the same thing. We are each trusting that somebody else in society will live up their end of what we believe they promised.
A key to understanding what happened to the USSR and their oil production is that oil prices crashed in the mid 1980's from the high levels of the 1970's and USSR lost its main source of external income. With low oil prices there was no incentive to invest in or even maintain their oil industry, nor was there money to pay for imports or their military, police, etc.
No doubt some of this is taking place today, not just with oil but also with mining and manufacturing.
I used to think that an economic collapse leading to social disintegration was something that was unlikely to happen, at least in my lifetime; however, when I read accounts of USSR and Argentina I see that it clearly is possibe.
We are living in dangerous times.
The Energy Export Databrowser allows you to convert to monetary units of constant US dollars (inflation adjusted to 2007). For the Former Soviet Untion this tells a particularly interesting story.
Just as Soviet exports were increasing during the 1970's:
the price spikes due to the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo and the 1979 Iranian Revolution brought hitherto untold riches to the USSR:
(Before this year, a billion dollars a day was considered a lot of money.)
What had been an economically tottering system was kept alive throughout the 1970's. By 1980 they were swimming in new money from the outside.
However, the price spikes of the 70's led to economic contraction and conservation in the West as well as new production in OECD friendly areas like the North Sea, Canada and Mexico. (Check the databrowser yourself.)
Together these brought the price back down to where the USSR had to rely on its own internal economy which, by that point, was no longer sustainable.
Then came the collapse.
True, this is an overly simplified story overly focussed on the economic rather than the human dimension. But I believe it is at least a large component of what the history
booksblogs will eventually say.-- Jon
Russia had the advantage of the rest of the world being in good shape, and an economy that in many respects continued to function (people had homes, public transportation, their own gardens). I think it is a better situation than we could hope for here.
The most troubling feature of the FSU collapse was the lack of law and order that Dmitri Orlov told of in "Reinventing Collapse".
I remember in 1996 being on a business trip to Norway, just across the border from St. Petersburg. When I told my hosts that I wanted to go to St. Petersburg they where emphatic that I not do so and that I would most certainly be mugged and possibly killed, as several people they knew had.
Uh, perhaps you meant Finland, not Norway?
You are correct, I was in Karhula, Finland.
Paul-the-Engineer "World wide economic collapse is happening, but the developing economies will recover quickly because they have unexploited potential in the form of basic industry and infrastructure needs".
Could you expand more on this line of thinking? I am living in a developing country in Asia.
I disagree with your assessment and my background includes many years of work with nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, along with the forecasting and scenarios associated with them. A full scale nuclear war could cut oil and gas production by far more than half depending on targeting choices, strategic goals pursued, and weapon configurations used.
The USSR was held up from the full impact of collapse by the surrounding nations. A global collapse that effects everyone has no one left to hold the rest up.
I suggest that your scenario is excessively optimistic, especially for one involving the exchange of several thousand strategic warheads.
Hello Greyzone,
I would also imagine the nuke targets would include the P & K mines and processing facilities, the H-B natgas into ammonia & urea factories, plus the huge sulfur stockpiles. In short, ICBM-targeting existing I-NPKS infrastructure would guarantee full-on O-NPK recycling for any survivors!