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37 comments on Dealing with Climate Risks: Adaptation
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37 comments on Dealing with Climate Risks: Adaptation
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The post is more of a book report than a clear list of priorities, so it is hard to know how to respond. It strikes me that the primary ingredient that is needed for any kind of strategy to work is a deep sense of urgency among decision makers as well as among the general populous. Lacking that, only incremental change is possible, and that is not going to be appropriate to the task at hand.
With sufficient understanding of the magnitude of the problem, a wide variety of adaptive solutions are at hand, but adaptation must not take the place of reducing our contribution to the problem. In my experience, adaptation is generally brought up after the writer has dismissed the idea of actually doing anything serious to reduce our impact.
The advantage of Hopkins' approach, as I understand it, is that it does both. Understanding that global distribution systems will not be as reliable in an energy constrained world where current major and minor ports are under water should lead to moving rapidly toward localization, which is also an important step in reducing our impacts.
On the other hand, if we frantically go about trying to rebuild all of those ports every couple of decades as ocean levels rise, we will use up resources faster and cause more industrial pollution in the form of CO2 in other forms.
This to me is the main point at hand--what kinds of adaptation are least likely to exacerbate the problem? Which are inevitable? Which should be avoided at all costs?
Again, though, the main problem for everyone, even most of us quite aware of the gravity of the problem, is that we are all sleep walking through our lives, as if under a spell, seemingly unable to wake up to the reality of the crisis that is upon us.
For one of many cites that spells out nicely the depth of the problem, see www.carbonequity.info.
(By the way, the line: "It is conceded that the climatic impact en route to 8°C warming may disrupt the business as usual scenario" must be chalked up as the understatement of the century.)
More like millenium :-)
Indeed! This is the relevant paragraph from the report:
I didn't mention above as I was focusing on the adaptation approaches but they use some fairly ridiculous fossil fuel reserves assumptions. Emissions peak at 28.9GtC in 2100, up from 7GtC in 2000. By 2300 human activities are assumed to have added 4364GtC to the atmosphere. For reference, total emissions to date have been 282GtC from fossil fuels and 147GtC from land use change. They are suggesting 10 times than amount is available to emit!
The response of government around here (California, U.S.A.) is just as ridiculous.
What is the public health adaptation to climate change? Increase installation of air conditioners. By how much? So much so that by 2100 the electricity needed for air conditioning is as much as ALL electricity used today.
How can that be so? Because the population doubles or triples and they mostly live in the flat, hot valleys where food is currently grown.
What about food? Where does that comes from? Oh...we just import it. You see, our econometric models show that urban consumers will always have more money than farmers and so the farmland will disappear and the higher value use will prevail.
I am not making this stuff up. It comes straight from University of California professors.
Er, ehem, uh, excuse me, Mr. Professor, sir, I realize that there is not a single Black Swan's chance in Hades, that such a thing as your model being, er, how shall I put this? Uh, perhaps, shall we say, Um, somewhat incomplete? .
Now,if you would sir, only as a hypothetical thought experiment, momentarily consider the possibility, however remote, that the urban consumer society's continued existence, upon which your premise is built, shall we say, runs into some unforeseen circumstances and runs out of access to legal currency.
I know, I know, Just to be clear, this is only a thought experiment, could never ever really happen, but what if it did? What do you suppose might happen in such a situation?"
The professor glares at the unimaginably dense individual standing before him and mustering every last bit of patience, slowly and with the clearest enunciation says, " You must not have completely grasped what I just said, You see, our econometric models show that urban consumers will always have more money than farmers and so the farmland will disappear and the higher value use will prevail. Now is that clearer?
Ah, yes, professor it couldn't be any clearer!
Chris -
the focus on Adaption (to Climate Destabilization) appears to have been growing, both as a vested interests' propaganda tool (to distract effort from and diminish commitments to Mitigation), and also as the result of an honest lack of appreciation of the iterative threat we face.
The latter point seems worth addressing - since there are evident lacunae in the discussion.
First, there is the issue that we can only adapt to peripheral changes - e.g. just a couple of metres of sea level rise will swamp the farmland of much of Bangladesh, leading to mega-famine &/or migration, but little if any Adaption.
Second, we can only adapt to changes that we know are coming - e.g. how many more years of intense prolongued summer rains must Britain face before we adapt by giving up growing crops that need the summer sun to ripen ? (Such as Spuds, Oats, Hay, Apples). Again, the outcome of the learning period would likely be mega-famine &/or migration.
Third, given our skill-poverty, food-reserve scarcity and bodily frailty, we can only adapt to changes at an endurable rate that then stop changing at some endurable level - e.g. the increasingly unstable climate we are now seeing reflects recorded GW 30 to 40 years ago; without rapid stringent constraint of further GHG emissions (i.e. massive global Mitigation) there would be little prospect of climate destabilization ceasing to intensify, let alone stabilize at an endurable level, so there would be no credible prospect of humanity successfully adapting to its impacts.
In view of the above, I hope we may agree that for policies of Adaption to be more of a help than an illusory distraction, they must be founded on the absolute priority of achieving rapid stringent global Mitigation ?
A further point that seems zombie-like in its undead status (despite repeated decapitations), is your focus on the excessive fossil reserve figures you remark above generating unreliable projections of pollution output and thus of consequent degrees of warming.
Perhaps it needs saying bluntly - we have pushed airborne GHG levels not only to the point of evident impact on planetary temperature and climate destabilization, but also well past the point of awakening potentially vast postive feedback loops, as well as of starting the accelerating decay of the natural marine carbon sinks.
You know the list of the major loops - albido, permafrost, wildfire, clathates, etc, but it may be worth metioning (again) the earliest such active loop, that was first observed in the early '60s (with CO2 at around 320ppmv) when elevated airborne CO2 caused particular microbes to boom in peat bogs causing the latter to decay on a 6% p.a. rising trend ever since. If this continues, then just this single, minor, loop will emit CO2 equal to our entire 2004 global output by about 2060.
So, to put an elm stake firmly through the heart of this "deficient reserves" fallacy, the actual fossil fuel reserves are now a far greater threat to climate via their impact on accelerating the feedback loops, than were the exaggerated old reserve numbers in their direct emissions potential.
Maybe it is time we of TOD start working on the necessary integrated diplomatic response to PO & CD, rather than leading with one or other ?
Regards,
Backstop
A most excellent post.
Cheers
(I may post it to my blog. Let me know if that's a problem.)
Thanks for your reply, I do agree with every point you make. Regarding the undead meme, I think you misread me though. I don't say fossil fuel reserves are insufficient to cause bad climate change, I say they are insufficient to drive the particular anthropogenic emission scenario used by the Mechanical Engineers.
To iterate briefly; my qualitative opinion of SRES and AR4's use of them is that supply-side limits will prevent the higher emission scenarios occurring (IPCC overestimate emissions) but the climate system is more sensitive meaning it won't take 1000ppm (three quarters directly anthropogenic) to push the climate well over +4 degrees.
"deficient reserves" is not a fallacy when presented with an emission scenario like this.
The post is more of a book report than a clear list of priorities
This post compares two different mitigation strategies, highlighting the differences. I've been absorbed by The Transition Handbook, and clearly there is no one set of specific adaptations that are appropriate to all places. However, there are planning processes and general guidelines that each locale can use to determine adaptation specifics, along with examples of what some municipalities are doing.