I thought this seemed relevant mainly because it has to do with the incredibly complex systems that we have built, and the difficulties that we will have in maintaining them in the future.

GPS system 'close to breakdown'

Network of satellites could begin to fail as early as 2010

It has become one of the staples of modern, hi-tech life: using satellite navigation tools built into your car or mobile phone to find your way from A to B. But experts have warned that the system may be close to breakdown.

US government officials are concerned that the quality of the Global Positioning System (GPS) could begin to deteriorate as early as next year, resulting in regular blackouts and failures – or even dishing out inaccurate directions to millions of people worldwide.

Discussed yesterday.

Feh. Google turned up nothing. Another modern marvel that is prone to failure..

NAVSTAR GPS isn't an incredibly complex system. It's actually a pretty simple and robust system. And satellites break down all the time - space out there is pretty harsh on electronics you know. But they are also replaced all the time - by new better ones launched every now and then. And you dont need a space shuttle to do it - there are relatively small commercial rockets for that. So at any given moment there are enought satellites to cover the globe plus some spare ones.

You have to read Grauniad with a bit of salt. They've just taken a sentence out of standard procedure for US military begging more money from congress to mean that the sky is falling on us! The military loves their GPS! Most of their weapon systems and platforms use it as well as the troops on the ground. So when it comes to systems the US military operates, NAVSTAR will be the last one allowed to fail. What they are actually talking about is that the 'reduced funding' (in other words increased funding but not as much as they would like) is endangering the deployment of the new generation of much more expensive NAVSTAR constellation satellites (with things like more redundant signals and various ECM features).

It is true that today many applications use GPS positioning such as logistics tracking and coordinating, emergency services etc. Fortunately (or atleast I hope they do) they have a backup system to function when the GPS signal is lost - for various reasons. I have been involved with many systems, both commercial and military, that take advantage of GPS - and navigation systems generally - and everytime it is emphesized that you CANNOT RELY on GPS signal alone - you need a backup system of some kind. Not because the civilization might crash - or even because US might turn it off for your country because it has declared you hostile - or even because it is so easy to block or even divert - but simply because it is not very good :P - the signal is pretty weak - even below the noise level - so that your car navigation - or missile homing system - can loose the signal at any point and time. And what then? GPS is nice and works 99% of the time - but ONLY 99% the time - the tricky bit is figuring out what to do with the 1%. Fortunately there has been technology for that for decades now. And fortunately truck drivers can still read maps and road signs (or can they?).

ransu -

I wonder how many sea captains and their navigators are no longer capable of using a sextant and other traditional means of navigation.

Just like the number of engineers who are proficient with a slide rule is shrinking by the day. Or the number of people in western industrialized countries who can actually write a letter in legible cursive.

I have an uneasy feeling that some of these outmoded techniques and skills are going to come in handy some day.

Been sailing around the Carabbean for the last 12 years,

the scary thing is that nowadays you can not be sure that anyone is on lookout.

Bahamas, three(maybe four) years ago, two mail boats collided off of Cat Island both on autopilot with on lookout. (few died, bunch injured)

Bahamas, two years ago, friends of mine going north on the Exuma Banks in a 45ft sailboat hit a southbound 70' Yacht. Both on autopilot and no-one on deck. (nobody hurt, both boats made port)

Ed.

Won't that be fun when a LNG-ship collides with a VLCC in prolonged heavy pea-soup fog plus heavy seas due to no lookouts, no Loran, no GPS, no use of sextants, no shipboard radio, or even radar? Even flashing lights and/or flag semaphore is useless in thick fog, and very difficult to even find channel buoys.

It still boggles my mind that the Exxon Valdez just powered itself onto the rocks even though it had all the state of the art equipment.

Having all the "state of the art equipment" is the problem.

It breeds the "why should I drive the ship when the autopilot can while I read my book and look outside every 20 minutes or so"

Ed

I think just launching satellites is an incredibly complex system.

As it is, we're seeing governments having to choose which satellites to launch. Military spy satellites or scientific climate-change monitoring satellites? I think those decisions are only going to get tougher.

Leanan: you have it all upside down - occationally launching a few new satellites to maintain a constallation of a couple of dozen satellites for our civilization - is not a critical undertaking - or something I would call 'a complex system under threat' - in this world. It's just engineering - and not even that now - rockets, guided, with payload have been flown since WWII - and the resources to fly them are relatively few - GPS consists of only a couple of dozen satellites - and the system has no 'growth' or 'flow' issues - issues which are limiting factors in systems I would consider calling complex. Nazi Germany was able to build some of its most advanced weapons, and use them, even up untill the last months of the war - when their whole other infrastructure, industry, economy and resource base, had been irreparably destroyed already. That will be the fate of systems like GPS too in our downfall.

Examples of much more complex threatened systems are: how to feed 6 billion people in a world which is depleting and deteorating - how to renew ever growing needs for the infrastructure they require - for example how to maintain water supply and sewage treatment (the pipes are rusting away underground faster then we can replace them in our cities) - the erosion, salination, depletion of the soil we rely for our food... these are the complex systems which we are unable to manage - even with our 'complex' rocket science - because basically we are just stupid monkeys - monkeys which will find the time and resources to keep their satellites running - and erecting new statues with ever heavier hats - until the day the last tree has been cut down...

Joules: first of all sea captains do study celestial navigation even these days and know it very well. My school friend studies to become a sea captain - took him over 10 years - he can look at the night sky and immediately point north even when there are only a few stars in sight. Not only do they study the sun and other celestial bodies - but they also practice 'blind navigation' or dead-reckoning as it is called - finding your way from a known point by estimating the direction and distance of your travel. And he sure knows how to use a slide rule as well. You are required to do the all the calculations with paper and pen and rulers (there many tables of monograms they use - kind of primitive slide rules).

You might base your prejudice on the hobby 'sea captains' down at your marina. But real sea captains who steer large cargo vessels at high seas still have to know all this stuff. The education at the naval colleges hasn't changed for decades - centuries even. And further - there are many many simple navigations systems which vessels can use at sea other than GPS - from simple radio direction finding - to ADF - and then there is LORAN - a fine trustworthy system - which despite all the talk of GPS replacing it - is still held in high regard amongst sea goers and aviators.

ransu -

I don't doubt that traditional navigation techniques are still being taught in the naval and maritime academies. But if one has become accustomed over the last several decades to relying on the user-friendly stuff like GPS, LORAN, etc., then one starts to lose those skills.

About a hundred years ago I took several courses in nuclear engineering but today hardly remember a damn thing. Ditto for stuff like differential equations. With a handful of minor exceptions, the last time I had to solve a differential equation was on the final exam of the differential equation course.

It's sort of fundamental: if you don't use it, you lose it. My only point in my previous comment is that there are many basic useful skills that are being lost in our high-tech dependent environment. There are high school graduates who would have trouble doing long division without a calculator.

Apparently the Navy tried to drop celestial navigation all the way back in the ancient days of 1998. So I do have some doubts - I wonder whether they finally dropped it, or sidelined it as an obscure elective, in order to "save money".

Oh, and don't count on the button-pushers for anything, such as maintaining even a sham of situational awareness. Consider these clowns (first item at link), who ran their ship aground by ignoring a broken antenna connection. Apparently the town lights brightening dead ahead meant nothing, nor did the alarms emanating from the pretty computerized display. I'd like to hope they lost their mariner's licenses, but who knows.

I suppose it's down to Arthur Clarke's third law, "Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." Computerized GPS-driven displays are certainly magic. Not only are they magic but, dude, they're technology. So why would anyone think they'd need something as archaic as an antenna?

Examples of much more complex threatened systems are: how to feed 6 billion people in a world which is depleting and deteorating

I don't see that as the same kind of problem. Agriculture will be a priority, no matter what. And when it fails, it is likely to be gradual. Heck, it fails regularly, even now.

Satellites, OTOH, are at risk because they don't seem all that urgent. We can get along without them. So there's a temptation to keep pushing it off.

There's also an "all or nothing" quality to satellite launches that isn't present in our agriculture system. If you can't actually get the satellite into orbit, you lose. You don't get any benefit from the system.

While with our agriculture system, there's room for a gradual failure. The individual parts of the system - irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides, tractors, etc. - are useful, even if you're missing other parts.

I don't see that as the same kind of problem. Agriculture will be a priority, no matter what. And when it fails, it is likely to be gradual.

I agree with that - there are many different agriculture systems the world over, some more vulnerable than others. There will be shortages here and there, because of higher price of inputs. The USA, however, runs a surplus and exports a lot of calories and vegetable protein mostly as animal feed, as well as some high-value fruits & wine etc. Some of the US surplus goes (or has gone) in variable amounts as emergency aid. The recent devotion of US corn crop for biothanol, could be temporary.
Whether segments of USA population will find it increasingly difficult to afford food is a different matter.

Please see my posting downthread. Consider that making long-term, truly sustainable O-NPK recycling agriculture #1 is not important in Zimbabwe, Somalia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan,....USA?

Please let me know which country has added many additional inches of rich, mulchy, wormy, healthy topsoil over the past 100 years.

Food is usually a priority. But especially when people are hungry, food is a priority, no matter what. Curious, then, that famines ever occur, what with all our prioritizing. Maybe we're not in as much control over the food as we think we are.

But anyway we're talking about two completely different surrounding environments. Yes, on the upslope of energy, things fail, and everything else around is running smoothly to lessen the effects of the failure.

And in the past I might have claimed that on the downslope that failures will compound and cascade, because surrounding environments won't be running smoothly, but now I'm advocating that we all just sit back and see what happens. If the gradual-crashers are right, they'll have time to rub it in. If the fast-crashers are right, we'll all likely be dead so who was right won't matter.

I think dealing with collapse is the most complex problem mankind has ever faced. Far more complex than any engineering problem - from GPS to the flight to the moon.

I too was ones very keen on all kinds of scenario plans and how to be self sufficient from all these 'complex systems': how to put up some solar panels and get off the grid etc. And it was all easy - all you need is engineering skills and money - and I have plenty of both.

However eventually I realised I was looking at the wrong end of the problem. Sure you have to try to have a contigency plan for every eventuality - but even in this you cannot have the cake and eat it. I might spend a fortune on an independent power generating system, have a well drilled with solar pumps and storage tanks installed. There are volumes written on the subject - whole movements dedicated to various levels of 'survivalism'. But in the end its all useless...

Because I realised that the real problem is people. People who have for too long lived in a world where you don't have to share anything with other people - even with members of your family. Every problem to do with sharing resources, space, time - can be 'solved' in our world with a bit of money - people are used to it. What they aren't used to is having to share things communally - having to manage and regulate a shared water table for example - or a stream to irrigate their garden plots.

Even having to trade with each other - in person - haggling the right price for example - few people have the life skills for these things anymore. We are all used to going to the 'shop', being 'served' by impersonal drones everywhere - and even more by automated systems - not having to make any human contact. We have lost the ability of having to deal with other humans directly. Having to argue for a point and compromise and understand where the other person is coming from and find a common ground which leads away from conflict and doesnt harm the community. In a future world 'other people' aren't going to be strangers anymore - people who you can ignore, or anger and run away. You might have to live with the person as neighbour for the rest of your life (and we all know how well we get on with our neigbours).

People come together in a crisis only in movies. Civilized (non communal) people aren't used to tragedy - they don't know how to deal with it - because they don't have to - because our civilization allows us to ignore tragedy - bypass it - buy it off. In a tribal community, it is a tragedy if a weather event wipes out your regular food supply for weeks - and you have to go by eating roots meanwhile - a tragedy which the people accept and deal with in a human way: they come together, help each other and suffer together. But in our society a shortage is unacceptable: there must be 'solution' for it - and rather than deal with it as a tragedy of life - we deal with is as a crisis - an emergency which breaks us down into individuals trying to survive on their own. And that leads to what is known as 'tragedy of the commons' problem. In communal societies a 'tragedy' isn't 'a problem' - its part of life.

The point about GPS is important. Our civilization is very good at finding the resources to maintain its technological systems - as I said its only engineering - a problem you can solve by throwing resources and money at it. The last tank full of fuel for the German tanks in the eastern front was painstakingly extracted from coal, even as the population starved and soldiers themselves had to supply themselved by pillaging. And so did too the easter islanders concentrate all their resources on hauling ever bigger statues to the beach to appeace the gods even as their society and way of life where crumbing away in an ecological catastophy. That is the how GPS or the electric grid will go too. They are relatively resient systems - and we will always find a bit of money to throw at them to not allow them to fail - even when we take the money away from things that might save us in the long run. A program for promoting and implementing communally managed and distributed non-irrigated no-till organic agriculture is something we will never see the point of putting our time and resources on - because arguing for it requires deep analysis of complex systems (understanding peak-oil, understanding NPK problem, understanding soil-heath, soil-salination, water table behaviour...). Whereas arguing for launching a satellite to keep GPS working is self-evident to all - if you want these and these systems which rely on GPS to remain functioning - you WILL find the money for it...

The point about technology being kind to magic is irrelevant. Technology is easy. We know how to do it - and dutifully we apply it to every problem. What we don't know how to do is live as sustainable harmonious communities - because there is no gadget for that - they is no tech solution for that - you actually have to work hard on a human level to achieve that - and I'm afraid we've lost the aptitude to do anything on a human level a long time ago...

So my plan would 'rely' on things like a working electricity grid or GPS - because I'm pretty sure civilization will keep them functioning till the end in a slow collapse scenario. And so instead of worrying about being independent from the grid and wasting all my time and resources to achieve such - I can concentrate on the difficult long term problems: how do I gather and empower a community around me which will one day be able to function with each other on a human level - as well as without the grid and GPS. How they do it, be it solar panels or anything is irrelevant. If you cannot solve the human problem first - then all your technological problems are moot.

". If you cannot solve the human problem first - then all your technological problems are moot."

Double plus good.

You nailed it.

"...and then there is LORAN...

Maybe, maybe not, since once again they want to shut it down in order to "save" a minute speck of pocket lint in the Federal budget. Maybe this time they will. And it's about the only backup left that gives wide coverage and provides highly accurate time. And you might not believe how many systems depend on highly accurate time, and how many of them rely solely on GPS...