Of course lots of people seem to *want* low energy world, including a population die back to one or two billion people.

Keith, I just posted a rather polite comment, then refreshed my browser, saw this, and realized what deep denial you're in.

"realized what deep denial you're in."

Hmm. Can you explain what you mean? It is just an observation as far back as 1975 and as recent as last year when Dr. Robert L. Hirsch like to burned my ear off when I suggested there could be a technical breakthrough that could replace fossil fuels.

Sigh. I probably shouldn't have posted that, I know you mean well.

And now you've asked me to clarify it, which is even more awkward.

I mean it in the same sense as I would apply it to the Jehovah's Witnesses who come to my door. They have a paradigm they want to share, and it's a humdinger in terms of features and payoff, and they mean well. Their worldview just has a very low probability of being correct under reasonable standards of analysis. So I thank them and wish them well, which is what I should have done here.

I mean that people like myself who have concluded that a human dieback is probably inevitable don't WANT a dieback, for the most part they have come to unpleasant conclusions after serious study. Your comment about "wanting dieoff" struck me in the same vein as a Jehovah's witness concluding you must want to go to hell if you don't join them saving souls, and I reacted. (At the link you posted, I see you've also been a proponent of cryonics. I wish you luck with the frozen head thing.)

You should give Hirsch more respect. It isn't necessarily due to a bad attitude (as in a desire for billions of deaths) when someone disagrees with you.

"Your comment about "wanting dieoff" struck me in the same vein as a Jehovah's witness concluding you must want to go to hell if you don't join them saving souls, and I reacted."

Perhaps it is incorrect of me to assume they are in favor of a die off when they reject that there even could be a solution to the carbon/energy problems. Operationally though it's the same thing.

Hirsch, like yourself, has worked through the consequences of the data and concluded that a major die off is inevitable. He is hostile to any possibility that his world view might have a flaw in it. This strikes me as religious-like dogmatic thinking.

I can't fault him though, it's probably a more comforting world view than mine. Like Ray Kurzweil and Vernor Vinge I see the technological singularity as inevitable. Only instead of it being the rapture of the nerds, I see our brains being eaten by friendly AIs.

Still, to enjoy this, we probably have to solve energy problems first.

Far out. On what basis do you predicate a Singularity as inevitable? And why would we need to muck about in LEO if we're due to be uploaded soon?

Forgive me for being skeptical. We have a historical record chock full of collapsed civilizations owing to overshoot, after all; also decades of predictions of inevitable breakthroughs in all manner of tech including Kurzweil's nano-based solar. Prudence is warranted when making decisions as to what directions mankind should head in to secure energy supplies sufficient for people to lead a comfortable lifestyle; should we spend $60 billion on SPS or a program for switching the OECD shipping fleet over to alternate fuels we can secure domestically?

As others have commented at present funding options are limited, and many believe the crude oil price runup/spike was a major factor in the present recession. If they are correct, bets are that, in the short term at the least, money will be thrown at solutions that are literally more mundane than SPS.

Where is Hirsch saying that he foresees dieoff? All I've ever heard him predict is that peak oil will lead to extreme hardship, economically and socially. This doesn't equate with mass starvation at all.

"On what basis do you predicate a Singularity as inevitable?"

I don't see any way to avoid it. Singularity is AI and molecular nanotechnology. If we got AI one of the first things to do with it would be to develop nanotechnology. If we got nanotech, one of the things we could do is brute force AI by scanning brains. I knew Eric Drexler from the mid 70s on, been thinking about this for 30 years.

But an energy induced fall in the population looks like it will start decades sooner than mid 2040s--which is where Kurzweil (who has studied it more than anyone) thinks it will happen.

"And why would we need to muck about in LEO if we're due to be uploaded soon?"

It's GEO that's interesting, not LEO. And if I could be certain the singularity would happen before mass starvation and wars start taking the population down I wouldn't bother to think about energy.

The only page I know about that touches on both issues is here: http://www.drmillslmu.com/peakoil.htm

"Which will arrive first? Ecological overshoot and collapse (Malthus), or
a "techno-fix" (Kurzweil)?

No one knows.

But, we probably won't have to wait long to find out. One of these two scenarios will likely
occur within the next several decades. But, which one?

Generally it is healthy to be optimistic.

But optimism can be deadly if it produces a Pollyannaish denial of real problems.
We should not ignore problems by assuming "someone else" will take care
of it, or that "the market" or "technological breakthroughs" will always come
to the rescue in time.

Solutions may not come in time, and we may get a quite rude Malthusian
smack down later. (In my opinion, should the internet go down due to
energy shortages, the Mathusian writing will be on the wall... )

To avoid this, we must solve the transition from our finite, depleting oil resources
to renewable energy.

Technological civilization runs on energy.

****************(end of quote)

". . . should we spend $60 billion on SPS or a program for switching the OECD shipping fleet over to alternate fuels we can secure domestically?"

This *is* a program for alternate fuels. Power at a penny a kWh (what else can you do with off peak power?) can be used to make hydrogen. Hydrogen and C02 reacts just fine to make synthetic oil. True, you only get 56% of the energy in the liquid fuels, but at a dollar a gallon who cares?

Going for SBSP is unlikely to be our decision. (as in the US)

I see no evidence the US could go back to the moon, much less cope with something of this scale.

"extreme hardship, economically and socially"

Is a euphemism for mass death due to wars, famines, epidemics due to weakened immune systems and freezing in the dark. Consider figure 14 here: http://www.theoildrum.com/node/3091 I am sure Hirsch is familiar with it. Hirsch may not be willing to consider a ray of energy hope (for emotional reasons tied to his commitment to this grim future) but he is nobody's fool. When he talks about coming out on the far side in better shape, he is talking about a world with far fewer people.

In some ways that might be a better world. It also might be rather radioactive. In any case, it's going to be a bad time I had rather avoid if possible.

From a strategic point of view this would appear to be an easy system to knock out. In a war situation a belligerant could launch debris or individual satellite killing devices. Anyone dependent on such power sources would immediately be in the dark. In an instant all of that investment could be wiped out. Any proposed energy system should have source diversity (lack of a single kill switch) as one of its requirements.

"From a strategic point of view this would appear to be an easy system to knock out. In a war situation a belligerant could launch debris or individual satellite killing devices."

I am a bit curious as to why someone with the capacity to do it would do it. In a very short time I expect every advanced country would have hundreds of power sats.

One point of this project is to reduce resource competition and therefor the basic reason for wars.

I am a bit curious as to why someone with the capacity to do it would do it.

Energy is not the only cause of war or scarce resource in the world. What about ideology - the cause of most wars?

The threat of war will never be eliminated. The only way the threat can be reduced is to have diversity in power sources. If a single madman can wipe out the world then it would have been done many times already. The reason it has not occurred is that we have had diverse ideologies and power sources. Making people dependent on a single kill switch solution (such as your satellites) renders everyone easily vulnerable to such a madman scenario.

"Energy is not the only cause of war or scarce resource in the world. What about ideology (cause of most wars)"

I make the case in "Evolutionary Psychology, Memes and the Origin of War" that ideology is the result of anticipated resource shortages rather than a cause.

"and access to metals?"

With loads of energy you can make metals out of country rock.

North Korea (if it wished) has the same access to scarce resources (including energy) as South Korea. Ideology is the only difference between North and South. Extremist ideology has minimal relationship to energy resources. North Korea could easily wipe out your suggested satellite system many times over with their existing technology.

Assuming they could (a stretch) and they wiped out a Chinese power sat, how long do you think they would last?

The Chinese would be in cahoots and would have the North Koreans knock out US and European satellites on their behalf. Proxy wars are old.

I suppose that's possible. Remind me to have my power sat insured by a Chinese company.

If you want diversity of power sources, which I agree with, then introducing SSP is certainly a good thing. SSP certainly has no single "kill switch". For starters the rectenna on the ground is owned and defended by the local utility and nation receiving the power. The satellite in space would be defended even better by various national military, even better than the growing fleet of communications and other satellites. The increased defense of national and global interests in near space is necessary as our global economic infrastructure increases its presence in cis-lunar space. We must reduce our environmental footprint on earth. I don't think you understand how difficult it would be to "kill" an SSP. It would be sort of like attempting to destroy the interstate highway system with a bomb placed anywhere you like. We may have difficulty preventing that bomb, but violators will be swiftly located and introduced to corrective measures. Everyone that has reliable electric power wants to see their electric power continue.

What about ideology - the cause of most wars?

Are you sure that Ideology is not being used to 'sell' the war VS being the cause?

One point of this project is to reduce resource competition and therefor the basic reason for wars.

Back in 1908 - 1912, the dominant meme in the west was that the Great Powers were too interdependent (financially and in trade) for a major war to be possible. There was no "reason for war."

Every technology since steam has been promoted as "reducing the reason for war." Notably, nuclear fission proponents pushed this long and hard. Strangely, despite all these wonderful technologies (that we already have), we still seem to need to "reduce the reason for war."

War does not need reasons.

On what basis do you predicate a Singularity as inevitable?

I don't see any way to avoid it. Singularity is AI and molecular nanotechnology. If we got AI one of the first things to do with it would be to develop nanotechnology. If we got nanotech, one of the things we could do is brute force AI by scanning brains.

Two questions:

  1. Why would nanotech necessarily allow brute-force scanning of brains?
  2. Why would being able to scan brains necessarily lead to AI?

The problem I have with your argument is the same one I have with Kurzweil's, namely that having the physical capabilities to do something (simulate brains, scan brains) doesn't imply the knowledge or skills needed to exploit that (create strong AI). A scanned brain is just a big pile of data; using that data to create a super-human intelligence is by no means a trivial feat.

This appears to be why Kurzweil's predictions for AI were so off the mark - he's fixating on hardware and ignoring knowledge, which based on my experience is the harder part of solving most problems. (FWIW, his first book is online at his website, and it's interesting to look at his predictions for AI and compare them to what actually happened. With one exception - chess - he was uniformly and wildly over-optimistic.)

Hydrogen and C02 reacts just fine to make synthetic oil. True, you only get 56% of the energy in the liquid fuels

Do you have a link to a detailed analysis showing 56% efficiency for electricity-to-oil? I've been trying to find empirical evidence for the efficiency of synthetic oil, but there doesn't seem to be data for an actual implementation of the hydrogen-to-oil leg. There is such data for electrolysis, but all industrial-scale installations I've seen data for were under 50% efficiency.

"Why would nanotech necessarily allow brute-force scanning of brains? "

Molecular disassemblers, an obvious product.

"Why would being able to scan brains necessarily lead to AI? "

Simulation.

Finely infiltrating a brain with enough sensors to tell what the cells were doing would probably work as well.

"Do you have a link to a detailed analysis showing 56% efficiency for electricity-to-oil?"

I worked out the mass and power budget for a 1000 bbl/day forward fuel synthesis plant for the military. It ran on ~100 MW input. I worked the efficiency just before a talk and seem to have got it wrong. I can't get as that low an efficiency now. A bbl of oil is about 1.7MWh. 1000 bbls would be 1700 MWh. 24 hrs x 100 MW is 2400 MWh. 17/24 is 71%. 98% of the energy is for making hydrogen. That could range up to 120 MW which would lower the efficiency to 59%. Some of this could be recovered making steam while cooling the Fischer-Tropsch reactors.

Why would being able to scan brains necessarily lead to AI?

Simulation.

How would that help?

We have no lack of human-level intelligences already - they're called "humans". Why would simulating a few more let us do something new? If the already-existing human intelligences couldn't come up with a supra-human intelligence, why do you so blithely assume the addition of simulated human intelligences would change that?

This isn't a board full of people already convinced of the inevitability of a technological singularity; you can't just wave your hands and say "magic happens" and expect people to believe you.

Why would nanotech necessarily allow brute-force scanning of brains?

Molecular disassemblers, an obvious product.

You're making an enormous assumption about what nanotech can and cannot do. Your argument seems to boil down to:

  1. AI can do anything.
  2. Nanotech can do anything.
  3. We'll eventually develop either AI or nanotech.
  4. Thus, either one implies the other.

That's not a persuasive argument. It's more like a statement of faith.

I worked out the mass and power budget for a 1000 bbl/day forward fuel synthesis plant for the military. It ran on ~100 MW input....A bbl of oil is about 1.7MWh. 1000 bbls would be 1700 MWh. 24 hrs x 100 MW is 2400 MWh. 17/24 is 71%. 98% of the energy is for making hydrogen.

Where is your evidence that a 1000 bbl/day plant runs on 100MW? You can't just arbitrarily choose both input and output volumes, otherwise you've chosen the conversion efficiency, which is exactly what you're trying to calculate!

If this is an example of your calculations, no wonder they don't make sense - you're just making shit up.

Garbage in, garbage out - if there's no evidence behind the numbers you put into your calculations, there's no point in doing the calculations. Industrial electrolysis is 50-70% efficient, meaning that if you seriously believe creation of synthetic diesel from electricity is going to be 70% efficient, you very clearly have no idea what you're talking about.

This is simply embarrassing; are you trying to make renewable energy people look unrealistic and out of touch? That is what you're doing, and right now that's more harm than help.

"Where is your evidence that a 1000 bbl/day plant runs on 100MW?"

Basic chemistry

Liquid fuels can be made out of carbon dioxide by n(CO2) + n(3H2) --> (CH2)n + 2n H2O. (It's exothermic.)

120t C, 60t H2 makes 140t synthetic oil, which is about 1000 bbls

Recipe for 140t of synthetic oil per day

Carbon 120t (5t /hr)
Hydrogen 60t (2.5t/hr)

(40t of Hydrogen combines with the oxygen and is recycled.)

It takes about 100kWh/t to remove carbon dioxide from the air. See http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-09/uoc-cd092908.php (This is equal to 360 kWh/t of carbon.)

Experimentally these researchers have removed CO2 from air at a rate of 20 tons per year with a square meter of scrubber

20 t/year/square meter
20t/year/365/year/m2 x 12/44 = 0.0149 t/d/m2 (C)
120t/d/0.0149 t/d/m2
= 8000m2

100kWh/ton of CO2
366kWh/t of carbon.
5t/hr / .36 MWh/t = 1.8MW

Sanity check , 120t of carbon per day is 5 t/hr Air is 350 ppm CO2 or 95 ppm carbon
1,000,000t of air has 95t of carbon in it
Tonne of air has a volume of about 800 m3
About 1.2 billion m3 of air per day.
Or 1.2Bm3/8000m2, 150 km/day or about 6 km/h. (Half the average wind speed and not as big as the rectenna.)

Electrolytic hydrogen requires 48 MWh/t currently. Recent results from MIT make it possible the energy might get down to 33MWh/t. The chemical equation above requires sixty t of H2 to 120t of carbon.

2.5t/h x 48MWh/ton = 120MW (Theory is 33MWh/t, 83 MW)

For rough numbers, ignore the small energy cost of carbon and use the average of the above line.

"Molecular disassemblers, an obvious product."

Tea. Earl Gray. Hot.

Sorry, Keith. I like graph paper a lot, too. But your overconfidence in the predictive abilities of calculation are like expecting a man who is the same weight and height of Shakespeare to arrive at the same products as long as you give him enough paper..

.. I'm going to my shop, where I can spill some more coffee on that graph paper that earnestly tries to tell me how to connect Post A to Gimbal B ..

Bob

Thanks Pitt. Once again you've said it for me.

If we got nanotech, one of the things we could do is brute force AI by scanning brains. I knew Eric Drexler from the mid 70s on, been thinking about this for 30 years.

The fact that somebody has been thinking about it for decades does not mean didley squat. Brilliant mathematicians spent centuries thinking about how to eliminate Euclid's postulate about parallel lines because their intuition told them that it was not necessary. Guess what? They were all wrong.

Hi Greenish,

Sigh. I probably shouldn't have posted that, I know you mean well.

Does he mean well? Or is he just caught up in his own technological delusion?

What a depressing post - like the Hydraulic Fracturing essay the other day. I really don't fault Gail for bringing up these technologies - this is our reality - she is more than justifed in bringing them to light. Just as in the other post, I'm sure that Rockman is extremely knowledgeable. And, I'm sure this fellow knows his stuff.

The problem is one of perspective. This post and the one on fracturing seem to imply that human population growth is a given and the only problem is how to accomodate that fact. The really simple solution to all of our problems is to get back into balance with the ecosphere. Basic math tells us that simple family planning measures could accomplish that by the end of the century. This obvious solution here is not to expend enormous amounts of natural resources to put gadgets in orbit, but to design better condums and birth control stuff.

To survive to the end of the century, we don't need to gamble on laser propulsion, we need to convince huge masses of people that bicycles are way more cool than cars.

I could go on - as I'm sure you could - but, is there really much hope when laser propulsion and fracturing is a lot more sexy than bikes and thinner condums.

Hi BikeDave.

I have utterly no doubt he means well; most religious proselytizers do within their self-referential worldview. And I don't begrudge any of them their visions of paradise. One person's rapture is another person's laser ablation, space fleet, frozen head, and robotic upload.

That said, it does seem to evince a rather grotesque perspective on systems thinkers. A quote from the keyposter directly above says:

Hirsch, like yourself, has worked through the consequences of the data and concluded that a major die off is inevitable. He is hostile to any possibility that his world view might have a flaw in it. This strikes me as religious-like dogmatic thinking.
I can't fault him though, it's probably a more comforting world view than mine. Like Ray Kurzweil and Vernor Vinge I see the technological singularity as inevitable.

So Hirsch is the one being religious, and - ipso facto - his conclusions about an inevitable dieoff must be "comforting" to him, which explains why he's "hostile" to those who realize the technological singularity (another non-falsifiable afterlife claim) is inevitable.

By any reasonable criteria, this was a religion key post. "Not that there's anything wrong with it," as Seinfeld would say.

Thanks Dave but I actually just know folks who know a lot about fracing. But I agree with your point to a degree. Fracing gas shales isn't a solution to anything....it's just a way to get more NG out Of the ground. The only potential long term benefit is if we use NG as a buffer while we move onto real solutions. IMO we don't need new tech to save us. We have all the tech now to ease the problem significantly and allow us a more peaceful transition to a low use FF world.

But we won't IMO. And I see the single biggest obstacle is the focus on short term issues. Society is dominated by the 24 hour news cycle. Folks won't tolerate a discussion today about making choices that will affect us 10 or 15 years down the road. They want solutions to finding a job, paying the mortgage, filling up the car with gasoline, etc, etc, NEXT month. The solutions to our future are in the hands of the politicians...not the scientists, not the engineers, not the geologists, not the environmentalists. and certainly not the folks who participate at TOD. And the politicians are ruled by the average citizen. I know it’s old and worn out but it still fits well: “We have met the enemy and he is US.”

Rockman wrote:

The solutions to our future are in the hands of the politicians...not the scientists, not the engineers, not the geologists, not the environmentalists. and certainly not the folks who participate at TOD. And the politicians are ruled by the average citizen.

While I agree that we are our own worst enemy in many ways, I think that you miss the main point about politics as it's practiced today in the U.S. To get elected requires a massive amount of money. Much of that money comes from corporate sources and the politicians tend to satisfy the needs of those who pay their bills. To be sure, the political game involves attempting to satisfy as many voters as possible while alienating the fewest. But, there's so much corporate propaganda out there that the voters are easily influenced to demand actions which are favorable to the corporations. Besides, without a job, most of us are screwed. Still, for the politicians, the game is about power and they would not do what the corporate bosses wanted if the voters really wanted a different path.

Having worked on several presidential campaigns, I've seen how they are run from the inside. I even tried to get a (future) President interested in solar power back when, only to run into a wall put up by the nuclear power guys. That wall crumbled after TMI, but now it's being rebuilt, IMHO...

E. Swanson

I am in complete agreement with you as far as attacking the overpop problem from the side of managing reduction (through family planning, of course and not forced attrition) and not assuming a growing head count. If for no other reason than to buy time for the more exotic and ego satisfying solutions to come to fruition, if at all.........
Now, as far as how to get people to be more conservative etc. All organisisms will always take "the path of least resistance". This observation is axiomatic and immutable so we must assume it will always hold in any new arrangements.

Our current spacial order is designed around a mode of transportation that allowed for a much more sprawled geography than transportation based on human power alone can provide. Don't expect anyone to be "talked into" using a bike to travel 5 miles to procure a gallon of milk when they can just hop into the family truckster and be back in a flash without even breaking a sweat.

No, this is about the patterns that people will establish based on the environment they live in and that environment is too spread out to do much more than improve the efficiency of the current transportation modes.

There is a lot of room to trim the fat for sure but I just don't see a replacing of fuel powered transportation until a more compact geography makes it feasible.
So I guess we need to plan our cities and towns differently or more like the good old days.
In the mean time keep working on those better condoms!

The problem is one of perspective. This post and the one on fracturing seem to imply that human population growth is a given and the only problem is how to accomodate that fact. The really simple solution to all of our problems is to get back into balance with the ecosphere. Basic math tells us that simple family planning measures could accomplish that by the end of the century. This obvious solution here is not to expend enormous amounts of natural resources to put gadgets in orbit, but to design better condums and birth control stuff.

I really think you're ignoring the fact that very rarely, if ever, do humans voluntarily limit their birth rate.

And I pose the question, if we have the energy and resources to grow in balance, why not? Why degenerate into an eventually doomed race limiting itself to one planet, if we can build cities in Langrange points, moon bases, terraform Mars, Niven rings, and eventually Dyson Spheres.

Sure there will be mistakes, but to do it long term, we will have to learn and incorporate deeper knowledge of ecological systems, and perhaps adapt somewhat to meet the large goals. But the future is NOT entirely calculated out, as Malthus proved, and no models have incorporated all the (currently unknownw) new ideas and new technologies into their calculations.

Might as well give up using fire.

Huh? What are you talking about? What do mean, "deep denial?" Mr. Henson's achievements and accomplishments are applauded around the world, and what have you done to improve the human condition?

|Don't complain about your intellectual and moral superiors just because you're jealous or have some other emotional or ideological issues. Mr. Henson's insites are considered by science and technology advocates around the world as roughly equal to the likes of A. C. Clarke and Azimov, so you'll have to explain what your difficulty is with Mr. Henson's achievments.

Would only be fair. }:-}

As it stands, let's hope thyat such technologies become a reality, a means of restoring some ecological infrastructure while retaining the world's admittedly shakey quality of life.