For my 3-person family, I bought 6 bikes (1 road bike and 1 mountain-type bike each) and a couple of thousand dollars worth of spare parts and tools. Total cost less than $6K. Worth every cent. We have enough to keep us going for a decade, I'd say.

It is a lot easier to see how an individual can stockpile spare parts, by buying multiple bikes, than it would be for a bike shop to stockpile spare parts--especially if the shop owner has limited capital for inventory. Finding a place to store the inventory safe from theft may be a problem as well.

As long as everything is going well (UPS faithfully delivers spare parts, all the factories around the world build more, and export to US or wherever the shop is) the system works. But if there is a breakdown in the system, it seems like bicycle repair would be affected, just like other businesses.

Whilst some folk set up bicycle repair enterprises, the cycling system still relies on specialist parts from far flung parts of the world. Ideally someone else should setup a inner tube, tire etc. manufacturing process.

Unfortunately I expect such an enterprise would be hopelessly uneconomic whist cheap, mass produced Chinese imports are available. Not only uneconomic but also unnecessary.

Perhaps the what is really needed is the capacity to rapidly enter the bicycle tire market if/when the cheap imports abruptly stop. What is the minimum investment to have a capacity to rapidly enter an market which is currently impossible to be competitive in? What are the raw materials, the tooling etc. required to be in position to manufacture bicycle tires?

The must be a whole range of markets that are currently saturated to the exclusion of all potential local producers by cheap imports from the other side of the world. If/when the imports stop, systems collapse for want of vital components.

Is it possible to operate 'shadow industries' whose aim is not to produce product today, but to maintain the capacity to rapidly produce product tomorrow in anticipation of import disruption?

What are the raw materials, the tooling etc. required to be in position to manufacture bicycle tires?

Oil is used to make the synthetic rubber. You can get some forms of urethane elastomers and make tires like this:
http://www.airfreetires.com/information/FAQPopular.asp#2

How long do Air Free tires last?
Air Free tires will last as long -- if not longer than -- comparable rubber tires. The Legacy bicycle tire collection is made with either a high-rebound urethane elastomer or what we call the standard foam. Tires made of either material will last anywhere from 3000 to 6000 miles, depending on the rider's weight and the surface on which the bike is ridden. For example, in the Northeast, where they use shale in the asphalt, tire life can be shorter.

And to go the air-free way you'll need to rotate the mold:
spin a tire mold at about 400 revolutions per minute
And have over 20K for a mold:
it cost upwards of $20,000 to have a new mold
(if it is like a plastic molding machine I 'member being told they were $250K a pop new.)

If you go the rubber way, you'll need heat to bake the rubber - as my dead Uncle was fond of saying 'when its brown its cooking, when its black its done just like tires!' As I remember when the Uniroyal factory was closed the new occupants had to add a heating plant and insulation to the building....so I'm guessing its a bit of heat....

Synthetic rubber can be made from alcohol as was done in WWII.

There are still a couple of independent cycle manufacturers in the UK. They specialise in niche markets or sell as a nostalgia band. Brompton and Pashley (I think) still make most of their own parts. There are also small scale specialist manufacturers selling at top prices on engineering quality eg. Airnimal and Moulton. They retain skills, but the last of the large manufaurers, Raleigh, have sold out to the far east, and are now clone machines.

There is a high degree of standardisation in sizes for cycle parts. You can mix and match parts from 10 manufacturers and 4 continents, and still have a reasonable chance of making a ridable bicycle.

Even once huge Raleigh only welded/brazed frames. All the components were outside bought, with few parts from the UK.

I didn't know you could import most cycle parts in 1887....

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raleigh_Bicycle_Company#Early_years

I think one might also want to set up a "recycling" system for bicycles, similar to junk yards for automobiles (at least here in the US). People buy up old cars, and sell their parts. It would seem like one would want something similar for bicycles.

The problem I would see is that the bicycles tend to degrade rapidly if left outside for long periods--at least that is my impression. Perhaps it is primarily good tires that need to be saved. If there are inner tubes from bad ones that could be used for patches, that would be good also.

This place is a great model for others. http://www.bicyclekitchen.com/
_check out_and share_ www.peakaware.com

From bicyclekitchen website:

Who we are & what we do

The Bicycle Kitchen is a non profit educational organization. We are a group of volunteers who run a space in Los Angeles filled with tools and stands for working on bicycles. Our hope is that you will come down and work on your bike! We will help you. We ask $7 per hour DONATION, (no one is turned away for lack of funds). We have almost every tool you could need and every shift at least one of us will be able to answer whatever question you may have...(hopefully).

In addition to tools we have tons of old donated bike parts and some semi-complete bikes, every now and then we get a fully operational bike. . .

We welcome anyone and everyone, we won't laugh at you if your bike is the wrong color or yell at you cuz you want to put ape hangers on a 10-speed. One of the most common things we do is fix flats, if you don't know how to do that you should come down for sure and learn, then you'll never be stranded again. Being able to work on a bike is very liberating. Once you learn about your bike you'll learn more about "biking" and you might enjoy it even more than you already do.

Sounds like a useful place.

Most of what you see WRT degrading bikes are cheap bikes that are poorly maintained. The parts that die out in the elements are chains, saddles, and tires, usually in that order. On many of these bikes the bottom bracket isn't sealed at all, so the bottom bracket bearings start eating up their cups, but you can't see that damage. The chain is the weakest link in any bike, since it has to be maintained frequently and starts to destroy the chainrings and sprockets (cassette or freewheel gears) quickly when the chain wear (we call it stretch) gets past a certain point. The biggest problem I see with junk bikes out dying on campus around here is chains that are rusting like mad. If you get a cheap car, never maintain it, and leave it out, it will start falling apart quickly too.

Of course, the simple solution is to avoid buying cheap bikes and leaving them out in the rain. Snow's not so bad, though road salt and slush tend to do in a chain pretty quickly if you don't take care of it.

I bike about 600 trips by bike per year, for around 1800-2000 miles per year. I usually have a tire on about half to 1/3 of the year each year (switch to studded tires in the winter, slick tires in the summer, and Avocet cross or similar tires in the shoulder seasons). Each of those sets of tires last me over five years like that. Any company that makes car or ag tires could make bike tires. Clinchers are just two wires for the beads, strong fabric for the casing, glue in key places, and some rubber for the tread and sometimes sidewalls. Sew-ups are even simpler. So tires are much less of a problem than people think. I think the roads will become unusable much faster than bike tires will become unavailable, but I live in freeze/thaw country.

Inner tubes last even longer, and can be patched many times.

Chains are a different story. Even with good maintenance, I only get about a year out of a chain. Once it gets to 1% stretch, I get rid of it to protect the rest of the drive train. If you're going to stock bicycle parts, I recommend chains and brake pads first. I service all of our 12 or so bikes in my household, including stocking parts, and have done almost all of my own bike work for over 20 years. I've never owned a bike stand. A truing stand is nice when you're building your own wheels, and mine (minoura?) didn't cost nearly as much as a bike stand.

BTW, I was just at Greenfield Village a few weekends ago. They have the original Orville and Wilbur Wright bike shop. One of the bikes there was a shaft drive. If things were to get so bad that we can't get chains, we could always switch to shaft drive. A single speed shaft drive is basically a pipe with some gears welded on and only four lubrication points. Hard to beat that for maintainability.

I bike about 40 km per week, sometimes a little more, sometimes a little less. I don`t have a bike with a chain, it is a belt (I guess made of rubber). It has lasted 12 years so far--no maintenance or replacements except for tires when they wear out. The bike (Miyata) is made of aluminium so it is light and doesn`t rust. I think it will last another 12 years if I`m careful.

As the economic crisis hit (and salary went down) , the bike became more precious. It is virtually free for me to use it as I replace tires only every two or three years. I use it to go to work, so it is vital. Save on bus fares, taxis, etc. And of course, I have no car.

The best part of using it are the country roads I can find to bike on. Now the auto traffic is significantly reduced (compared to a few years ago) on some smaller roads here due to the economy. Peaceful quiet roads are a gift of Peak Oil. Birds, bugs, flowers, trees.....I hope these will make a comeback as the cars gradually fade away.

Bicycles are great in that they are standardized. Personally I am not too concerned about bicycles degrading when ill-maintained; that problem will solve itself. The issue is parts, mostly. Assuming that people are not busy being subsistence farmers or killing each other, manufacturing bike parts will require industrial activity. Although tires are not made in North America now, North America does contain all the things necessary to make a bicycle. All you really need is steel and rubber and lubricants. North America probably still has enough manufacturing capacity to produce the bearings and chains and gearwheels for bicycles. The oil used (I realize that kerosene is not what they use to make tires although of course it could be done) for flying to vacations in North America is probably many times what is necessary to make bike tires for everyone.

Yes, if civilization collapses bikes are not realistic, but if that happens, most of us will be dead. Those of us who are prepared for total rapid collapse will have a chance, but I suspect that they will be killed by survivalists or ex-military with guns sooner or later if they are trying to farm. If you found a Cold War era nuclear bunker and stocked it with enough food and water to last a couple years then your odds would probably be a lot better on the surface - as long as nobody else knows about your bunker. And you would be weak and probably deranged from living in a bunker for several years.

The problem I would see is that the bicycles tend to degrade rapidly if left outside for long periods--at least that is my impression.

You obviously never ride bicycles ;)

The degrading is mostly just rust. Unless the thing has rusted up into a solid lump - which takes some decades or extraordinarily harsh conditions - you can scrub it up to functionality. It won't be pretty, but pretty bicycles get stolen, rusty ugly ones are left alone.

Honestly, bicycles are not a high-tech and complex thing. The latest road bike an Olympian trains on at a velodrome, sure, that's high-tech and complex. But something to take a person and up to 30kg of cargo, or up to 250kg of cargo with a trailer or carrier, that is not a complex thing. They were made before the Oil Age, and can be made after it, too.

Worry about spare parts for your fuel-injected, computer-operated SUV. Do not worry about spare parts for your ordinary commuting bicycle.

pretty bicycles get stolen, rusty ugly ones are left alone

So true. A bit of rust is the best anti-theft device available. I have been using the same old beater for the last 20 years (well, it's the same frame - some parts have been changed). It's ugly as sin, but rides fine and nobody looks twice. Never worry when I lock it up outside the train station.

Great article Robin. Best of luck to you!

Chris said...

*********"Unfortunately I expect such an enterprise would be hopelessly uneconomic whist cheap, mass produced Chinese imports are available. Not only uneconomic but also unnecessary."*******************

Everyone who is thinking of setting up some small business for a post PO future needs to read and understand this.

This applies to just about all of the BEST things to do;

Bikes
Shoe repair
food processing
YOU NAME IT!

"Perhaps what is really needed is the capacity to rapidly enter the (enter any necessary product here) market if/when the cheap imports abruptly stop."

This is exactly what it all boils down to and I for one would like to see more discussion on this matter.

Cheers
jef

John Michael Greer has done an excellent writeup over at The Archdruid Report this week on exactly this type of scenario. This is a fundamental problem of our current economic paradigm. A post crash guild system, if we accept historical precedent, will remove this constraint, but the question is how do we proceed from here to there?

I think the answer is, nobody really knows, and whatever the migration path is, it will be messy and painful. Suffice it to say you will have to accept a period of significant unprofitability in order to be prepared. If you are not willing to accept this, you will have to accept the pain that comes along with a paradigm shift. That means there will be an extended period where such products simply will not be available. There is no perfect solution.

"Whilst some folk set up bicycle repair enterprises, the cycling system still relies on specialist parts from far flung parts of the world. Ideally someone else should setup a inner tube, tire etc. manufacturing process."

There are other systems needed to support a robust biking community--local policies that prioritize bike lanes, bike paths, bike bridges, bike sharing, bike stands/lockers, and laws that protect bikers and their rights to the road.

Even extensive biking infrastructure costs a small fraction of what roads and bridges for cars cost, but you need to have well organized consistent political pressure to be sure the right policies and programs get implemented.

Are we still talking about cycling in an economic depression or post-collapse world? What is wrong with the roads and bridges we have already? The volume of motorised traffic will drop heaps, and the number of cyclists rise a lot. That's a much safer environment for cycling than the motor-vehicle-saturated one we have now!

Morebikes, modern bikes were developed largely on the assumption of rather smooth roads. You can cycle on rough but it's relatively grim. The hard-surfaced road system in uk was built originally for bikes. It will rapidly deteriorate to unpleasant for cycling. Indeed many uk roads are already near uncycleable due to deterioration of surfaces.

Road wear will decrease along with car use.

It depends on how your roads are made, but much of "road wear" is not wear by vehicles, but by natural processes.

For example, many roads are made of bitumen and gravel. Over time the volatiles in the bitumen evaporate away, leaving clumps of bitumen and gravel and potholes.

Other roads are made of concrete, and over time with earth subsidence, cycles of cold and heat from weather, colonisation and widening of cracks by plants, the concrete breaks up, too.

That said, a road does not need to be very fine to be ridden on with less effort than walked on. Compacted flattened dirt will do. Anyone who has ever laid down new grass near their home, or seen it laid down in "nature strips" in neighbourhoods will have seen that it takes but a few weeks for a flattened dirt path to appear where people have been walking.

Since cars use around a tonne of materials to transport one or two people, they need very flat and well-maintained roads to be viable; they're stupidly inefficient to begin with, bad roads make them hopeless. Bicycles require less fine roads.

Of course, rocks and tree roots and so on will still turn up on roads. As noted in this article, drivers tend to just drive around obstacles, while pedestrians and cyclists stop to clear them away. So I am confident that pedestrians and cyclists could help keep roads in at least passable condition.

I really don't know how much business one could reasonably expect in other places working as a bike mechanic but in my part of the world even if bikes become very popular there will be very little opportunity to earn anything like a decent living working on them -for the very simple reason that they are too easy to fix.

Of course there may be a number of people who will ride very expensive bikes simply because they must due to regulations of the roads or unavailability gasoline and they might pay for repairs.

But in a working class town or mioeghborhood, at least every third man or teenage boy and quite a few women and girls are handy enough to make thier own repairs-and not only without paying labor but also usually faster than hiring out the work.

When I was a kid we rode old American made single speeds on dirt roads and thru the fields for years without doing anything other than oiling the chain and replacing a tire occasionally.

If you buy a good heavy duty single speed it will need VERY little work -probably no work at all -except tires-for years on end, other than lubing the chain etc.

We must be talking about different bikes. If you're buying expensive bikes, say over $800 today, you may be right that it could be difficult to stock enough repair parts. But if you're talking about low to middle end bikes from bike shops, say $300-$800, or used bikes originally from the same range, you're likely to get a fairly simple, highly maintainable, fairly cheap bike. It's like comparing a Ford Focus to a Porsche. It's pretty easy to find a shop that can work on a Focus and there are hundreds of parts sources with plenty of cheap parts. For Porsche parts, you usually need a dealer, with a small parts network and expensive parts behind them.

A chain takes up about 5/8" x 5" x 5" to store. They come in boxes that size. If you avoid getting the 9 and 10 speed systems on new higher-end bikes, you can get the standard chains that work on everything from a single-speed to 24 speed bikes. Those go for $10 to around $40 each. For $200 you can buy 5-20 of those chains, which should last you at least 6 months each. So you're covered for the highest wear item for 2-10 years. 20 of those chains would probably fit in a shoebox (~1' x 5" x 5"). I think most thieves will take my electronics before they steal my bike chains.

And it's a bike, not a car. If you don't count each ball bearing and each of the parts of a derailleur as individual units, which no one does since you just buy a new derailleur for $30 if it breaks, then you can't have more than 100 parts on a bike. Most of the parts are in the shifting equipment. Switch to grip shifters, bar-con shifters, or downtube shifters and you eliminate 20% of the parts on the bike. I bet my car's transmission has more parts than my bike.

I just took apart my son's 18 speed bike to paint the frame. It took me about an hour to strip it down to the frame, and about 4 hours to rebuild it, overhauling as I went. Most of that time was cleaning and re-greasing and making adjustments. Bikes really aren't that complicated.

Good comment. I would add that it's true that most of the complexity and parts in a bike are in the geared stuff - but remember that single speed bikes have been around for ages, and are very suitable for commuting on relatively flat ground. I travel 23km each way four days a week, and never change gears once.

If your area is hilly, or if you sometimes carry just yourself and sometimes carry heavy (30+kg) cargoes, then you'll need gears - or very strong legs. Otherwise, single speed is fine.

See here the multiple cogs on both sides of the drivetrain, and the derailleurs needed to move the chain from one cogs to another. Not pictured is the wires which join the gear controls to the derailleurs. With a single speed, you need only one cog on each side (instead of 3-10), and no derailleurs or gear controls. So you can make more drivetrains from the same amount of metal, and there are less things to tune up, go wrong, and be repaired or replaced.

Bicycles don't have to be complex machines.