Stories tagged with "EROI Guy"

Using Thermodynamics to (Re)Examine Environmental Kuznets Curves

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (henceforth EKC) was developed from a paper written by Simon Kuznets in 1955 titled Economic Growth and Income Inequality. His theory explained that the relationship between economic growth and income inequality forms an inverted U-shape graph with income inequality on the y-axis and economic growth (e.g. GDP/capita) on the x-axis. EKCs extend Kuznets’ original theory by stating that pollution increases as economies grow from agrarian to industrial, but as the population becomes wealthier a turning point is passed after which the amount of pollution decreases as income grows, forming an inverted U-shape (Figure 1). As such, EKC theory has been cited as a justification to prioritize economic development over environmental stewardship (Beckerman, 1992), and just last week the science reporter for the New York Times, John Tierney, wrote an article claiming exactly the same thing: “The richer everyone gets, the greener the planet will be in the long run.”

Energy Journal Roundup: April 2009

We are starting a new monthly series today. Once a month, a selection of peer reviewed articles from several Energy Journals will be posted on the Oil Drum by Rembrandt and EROI Guy. The journals from which we select articles include Ecological Economics, Biomass and Bioenergy, The Oil & Gas Journal, The Energy Journal, Resource and Energy Economics and Energy Policy, to name just a few. Links are provided to articles but some may require fees for access.

Further Evidence of the Influence of Energy on the U.S. Economy


Gail, Jeff Rubin , and now James Hamilton (warning- pdf) of the University of California – San Diego have produced literature correlating either this financial collapse or recessions more generally with peak oil and oil prices. The take-away message of their work is that oil prices played a fundamental role in causing the current recession and many previous recessions. In this post I, along with Steve Balogh, a fellow researcher here at the EROI Institute at SUNY-ESF, will add to this discourse.

Some Thoughts on the Obama Energy Agenda from the Perspective of Net Energy

The Obama-Biden comprehensive a New Energy for America Plan is designed to:

  1. Help create five million new jobs by strategically investing $150 billion over the next ten years to catalyze private efforts to build a clean energy future.
  2. Within 10 years save more oil than we currently import from the Middle East and Venezuela combined.
  3. Put 1 million Plug-In Hybrid cars -- cars that can get up to 150 miles per gallon -- on the road by 2015, cars that we will work to make sure are built here in America.
  4. Ensure 10 percent of our electricity comes from renewable sources by 2012, and 25 percent by 2025.
  5. Implement an economy-wide cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent by 2050

The Obama energy agenda focuses on - and these are not mutually exclusive - efficiency, electrification, and the promotion of alternative energy resources. Its five main goals are set up in a way so that success in any one of the five individual areas will reinforce the other 4, helping the overall agenda achieve success. For example, creating 25% of the U.S. electricity production from renewable resources (goal #4) will aid in decreasing the U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 80% (goal #5).

The energy agenda is a welcomed change showing a future outlook that is based, at least to some [small] extent, on the physical realities of the natural resource world. However, from the perspective of net energy, some potential problems do exist. My goal here is to discuss some possible shortcomings of the new administrations energy agenda from the perspective of net energy.

The Effect of Natural Gradients on the Net Energy Profits from Corn Ethanol

Scaling biofuels from the level of the laboratory or pilot-plants to commercial production is the Achilles’ Heel of almost all biofuels. One major problem is that biofuels use feedstocks that are invariably less energy dense than their fossil fuel counterparts. For example, there are approximately 45 MJ per kilogram contained in both the finished product of gasoline and crude oil, while ethanol has an energy density of about 26 MJ per kilogram and corn has only 16 MJ per kilogram. In general, this means that large amounts of corn must be grown and harvested to equal even a small portion of our gasoline consumption on an energy equivalent level, which will undoubtedly expand the land area that is impacted by the production process of corn-based ethanol.





Figure 1. Map of the optimal gradient space for the production of corn-based ethanol within the United States. Colors correspond to EROI numbers listed in the figure caption. The grey areas represent locations without a significant amount of corn-production.

Implications of Energy Return on Investment, Peak Oil and the Concept of “Best First”

The following is a post by both Dr. Charles Hall and EROI Guy. Most of the material comes from a recently published book chapter titled “Peak oil, EROI, investments and the economy in an uncertain future.” The book can be found here. Dr. Charles Hall is a professor of Systems Ecology at the College of Environmental Science and Forestry in Syracuse, New York, and has written about energy issues many times on The Oil Drum, found here.

Welcome to The Oil Drum: EROI

We welcome all readers to the newest TOD sub-domain: "The Oil Drum: EROI" – or Energy Return on Investment. This sub-domain will be administered by Professor Charles Hall and his Ph.D. Student, David Murphy (EROI Guy) as well as by many of the other editors and contributors from TOD that write about net energy analysis and biophysical economic concepts.

We have at our school (SUNY – College of Environmental Science and Forestry) an “EROI Institute” (web site is operational, but still undergoing development) which is basically three offices, two relatively large, and a bunch of books and computers. There are roughly 8 graduate students at any one time and usually about half a dozen undergraduates hanging around. We all work on sweating out various analyses related to energy. We have only quite minimal funding and work on a shoestring although many students are supported by NSF fellowships, teaching assistantships or funding that we do have for tropical research. So with that introduction, let us turn our attention briefly to describing why we think EROI is important.