Stories tagged with "uranium"
The Future of Nuclear Energy: Facts and Fiction - Part III: How (un)reliable are the Red Book Uranium Resource Data?
Posted by Francois Cellier on September 8, 2009 - 10:25am in The Oil Drum: Europe
Topic: Alternative energy
Tags: fossil fuel depletion, michael dittmar, nuclear energy, nuclear fission, uranium [list all tags]
This is the third part of a four-part guest post by Dr. Michael Dittmar. Dr. Dittmar is a researcher with the Institute of Particle Physics of ETH Zurich, and he also works at CERN in Geneva.
For more than 40 years, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) of the United Nations have published a bi-annual document with the title "Uranium Resources, Production and Demand." This book, known as the IAEA/NEA 2007 Red Book, summarizes data about the actual and near future nuclear energy situation and presents the accumulated world-wide knowledge about the existing and expected uranium resources. These data are widely believed to provide an accurate and solid basis for future decisions about nuclear energy. Unfortunately, as it is demonstrated in this article, they do not.
The conventional world-wide uranium resources are estimated by the authors of the Red Book as 5.5 million tons. Out of these, 3.3 million tons are assigned to the reasonably assured category, and 2.2 million tons are associated with the not yet discovered but assumed to exist inferred resources. Our analysis shows that neither the 3.3 million tons of "assured" resources nor the 2.2 million tons of inferred resources are justified by the Red Book data and that the actual known exploitable resources are probably much smaller.
Despite many shortcomings of the uranium resource data, some interesting and valuable information can be extracted from the Red Book. Perhaps most importantly, the Red Book resource data can be used to test the "economic-geological hypothesis," which claims that a doubling of uranium price will increase the amount of exploitable uranium resources by an even larger factor. The relations between the uranium resources claimed for the different resource categories and their associated cost estimates are found to be in clear contradiction with this hypothesis.
The Future of Nuclear Energy: Facts and Fiction - Part II: What is known about Secondary Uranium Resources?
Posted by Francois Cellier on August 19, 2009 - 10:28am in The Oil Drum: Europe
Topic: Alternative energy
Tags: fossil fuel depletion, michael dittmar, nuclear energy, nuclear fission, secondary uranium resources, uranium [list all tags]
This is the second part of a four-part guest post by Dr. Michael Dittmar. Dr. Dittmar is a researcher with the Institute of Particle Physics of ETH Zurich, and he also works at CERN in Geneva.
During 2009, nuclear power plants, with a capacity of 370 GWe, will produce roughly 14% of the world-wide electric energy. About 65,000 tons of natural uranium equivalent are required to operate these reactors. For the last 15 years, only 2/3 of this fuel has on average been provided by uranium mines, whereas 1/3 has come from secondary resources. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the secondary uranium resources will be essentially exhausted during the next 5-10 years. In this paper, the situation concerning the secondary resources at the beginning of the year 2009 is presented. The data used are from the IAEA/NEA 2007 Red Book, "Uranium Resources, Production and Demand," and from the World Nuclear Association (WNA).
Our analysis shows that, at the beginning of 2009, the remaining world-wide civilian uranium stocks amount to roughly 50,000 tons. With the almost inevitable yearly draw-down of 10,000 tons, these civilian stocks will be essentially exhausted within the next 5 years. This coincides roughly with the year 2013, when the annual delivery of 10,000 tons of natural uranium equivalent from Russian military stocks to the USA will end. As the majority of the remaining civilian stocks, about 30,000 tons, are believed to be under the control of the US government and American companies, it seems rather unlikely that the USA will share their own strategic uranium reserves with other large nuclear energy users. In summary, all data indicate that a uranium supply shortage in many OECD countries can only be avoided, if the remaining military uranium stocks from Russia and the USA, estimated to be roughly 500,000 tons, are made available to the other countries.
(Link to 1st part)
The Future of Nuclear Energy: Facts and Fiction - Part I: Nuclear Fission Energy Today
Posted by Francois Cellier on August 5, 2009 - 10:16am in The Oil Drum: Europe
Topic: Alternative energy
Tags: fossil fuel depletion, michael dittmar, nuclear energy, nuclear fission, uranium [list all tags]
This is a guest post by Dr. Michael Dittmar. Dr. Dittmar is a researcher with the Institute of Particle Physics of ETH Zurich, and he also works at CERN in Geneva.
Nuclear fission energy is considered anywhere between the holy grail, that can solve all energy worries of the human industrialized civilization, and a fast path directly to hell. Discussions about future energy sources and the possible contribution from nuclear energy are often tainted and dominated by irrational expectations and fears. As a consequence, very little actual knowledge is available to the general public and even to decision makers about the contribution of nuclear energy today, about uranium supplies, uranium resources, and current and future technological challenges and limitations.
This analysis about nuclear energy and its future contribution attempts to shed some light on the nuclear reality and its limitations. The report, presented in four parts, is based on data provided in documents made available by the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), the NEA (Nuclear Energy Agency of OECD countries), the WNA (World Nuclear Association), and the IEA (International Energy Agency).
Part I summarizes the state of the world wide nuclear fission energy today and its perspectives for the next 10 years; Part II presents the situation concerning secondary uranium and plutonium resources; Part III analyses the "known" uranium resource data as presented within the past editions of the IAEA/NEA Red Book; Part IV finally outlines the plans and prospects for the long term future of nuclear fission and fusion.
How Long Before Uranium Shortages?
Posted by Gail the Actuary on February 19, 2009 - 10:16am
Topic: Alternative energy
Tags: uranium, uranium mining, uranium price [list all tags]
There is a great deal of controversy about how much uranium will be available for future use. I decided to check to see for myself, and came to the conclusion that we are likely headed for problems within the next ten years. Below the fold are a few things I discovered, in looking through reports available on the Internet.
Impact of Credit Crisis on the Energy Industry - Where Are We Now?
Posted by Gail the Actuary on December 1, 2008 - 9:56am
Topic: Economics/Finance
Tags: coal, gas, oil, original, peak oil, solar voltaic, uranium, wind [list all tags]
I recently looked through news articles to see which energy sectors were being affected by the credit crisis. I was amazed at how widespread and how devastating the impact is.
There are really two closely related problems. One is reduced access to credit, making new borrowing difficult for nearly every business that requires debt. Prices for all commodities have been dropping as well. At least part of the reason for this price decline is the lack of availability of credit—many of the less credit-worth buyers drop out of the market. This leaves fewer buyers and almost the same number of sellers, so the price drops.

In this post, I examine how reduced access to credit and the concomitant decline in commodity prices is affecting energy companies.
Mining the Oceans: Can We Extract Minerals from Seawater?
Posted by Ugo Bardi on September 22, 2008 - 5:15pm in The Oil Drum: Europe
Topic: Supply/Production
Tags: minerals, mining, nuclear energy, original, seawater, uranium [list all tags]

Figure: Japanese researchers testing uranium extraction from seawater using a braided adsorbent fiber (JAEA 2006). Is this the way of mining of the future?
The Bullroarer - Monday 8th September 2008
Posted by Phil Hart on September 7, 2008 - 10:10pm in The Oil Drum: Australia/New Zealand
Topic: Miscellaneous
Tags: uranium [list all tags]
The Australian: ALP uranium ban is dead with Nats role in WA government
Unless there are any last-minute surprises, it seems that Labor will not have a clear majority and so the pledged legislative ban on uranium mining is a dead duck.
Both the major parties are predicting a hung parliament, with the Nationals holding the balance of power. Even if the Nats were to support a minority Labor government, their policy on uranium is firmly pro-mining. Which will no doubt be a relief to Cameco and Mitsubishi, companies that jointly just paid $495 million for the large Kintyre uranium deposit in Western Australia. The next best project, and closest to development, is Toro's Lake Way, which contains 10,835 tonnes of U3O8. The company also has the Napperby deposit in the Northern Territory.
Stuff.co.nz: Meet Australia's most frugal car
This car is poised to become Australia's most fuel-efficient vehicle. The new i20 is the car that could replace the Hyundai Getz in Australia from next year and Hyundai claims the diesel version will use just 4 litres per 100km, less than the Fiat 500 diesel (4.2L/100km) and the Toyota Prius (4.4L/100km).
The Euro-styled i20 will replace the Getz in Europe towards the end of this year but Hyundai Australia is yet to confirm whether the car will be sold down under.
The Path from Petroleum Shortages to Electricity Shortages
Posted by Gail the Actuary on August 13, 2008 - 10:06am
Topic: Supply/Production
Tags: coal, electricity, natural gas, original, peak oil, uranium, wind [list all tags]
It seems to me that there is likely to be a very short path from petroleum shortages to electricity shortages. There are a lot of issues involved, from the fact that the fuels used in electricity production are themselves dependent on petroleum for their extraction and transportation, to the current state of the US electricity infrastructure, to the impact of peak oil on debt financing. I have written about most of these issues before, but since the petroleum/electricity link is such an important one, I thought I would devote an article to putting the pieces together.
Fuels used for electricity generation
In the United States, the primary fuel used for electricity generation is coal, at 49% of electricity production. Natural gas follows at 22%; nuclear at 19%; hydroelectric at 6%, and petroleum at 1.6%. The newer renewables are all quite small: wood at 0.93%; wind at .77%; waste at .41%; and solar (for electricity generation) at 0.01%.

Canada as an energy superpower
Posted by benk on May 22, 2008 - 12:00pm in The Oil Drum: Canada
Topic: Supply/Production
Tags: canada, energy superpower, natural gas, nuclear, oil, synthetic crude, tar sands, uranium [list all tags]
Ed note from PG: I am happy to announce that TOD:C is up and running again (and I believe overdue thanks are in order to Stoneleigh and Ilargi, now over at The Automatic Earth, for their efforts here). One of the new editors is benk (and I believe you already know Khebab!).
Ben is completing his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering in Canada. His research focuses on the fine details of solid oxide fuel cells, dealing with ceramics and long equations. He attributes his initial interest in energy to the documentary "The End of Suburbia," which he first saw about 4 years ago. Since then he has felt a duty to get the good word out. Ben has been the host of theWatt Podcast talking about various energy issues, a capacity we are exploring bringing the TOD. Welcome Ben!
To get TOD Canada rolling again, I've written a refresher on Canada's energy situation. Canada can't be ignored when it comes to energy. We are a land of plenty. Lots of land, lots of weather, lots of consumption, lots of production. Plenty can easily become scarce though and it has to be managed, and managed well. Management of our resources will be Canada's challenge in the years ahead. Unmanaged, Canada's energy consumption is close to the highest in the world and stands at 350 GJ/person, slightly more than in the U.S. and Canada's energy intensity is the worst in the G7 at 10.6 MJ per unit GDP.
Nuclear Britain
Posted by Chris Vernon on January 15, 2008 - 10:45am in The Oil Drum: Europe
Topic: Alternative energy
Tags: electricity, nuclear, united kingdom, uranium [list all tags]

The nameplate capacity of the UK nuclear fleet, stacked, from the peak capacity in the late nineties and following the published decommission schedule. Three life extensions are shown in red. Source: British Energy & Nuclear Decommissioning Agency


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