What Career Should I Consider?
Posted by Gail the Actuary on October 10, 2008 - 9:15am
Topic: Miscellaneous
Tags: career, education, finance, original, peak oil [list all tags]
This is a slightly abridged version of an actual letter from a reader and my answer, regarding a change in career in the light of peak oil. What would you have said? This reader was not from the US. How would advice differ for different parts of the world?
Dear Gail:
I read some of your posts on The Oil Drum, and I wanted to ask you a question. Taking into consideration peak oil, what careers are likely to be better places in the years ahead?
(continued under the fold)
For example, given the current financial meltdown, it seems the Financial Sector is looking like a terrible place to be, never mind what might happen if oil production starts to decline. I just read that Kenneth Rogoff, Economics Professor at Harvard and former Chief Economist at the International Monetary Fund, has joined the chorus:
The worst is yet to come in the U.S. The financial sector needs to shrink; I don't think simply having a couple of medium-sized banks and a couple of small banks going under is going to do the job.
I am still in my 20s, currently working as a math teacher, but am planning on going back to school. I have considered engineering, but that can be very energy-dependent. Until recently, I was aiming to position myself for a career in finance - I don't think that will be a good long term move anymore. But I'm a bit in the dark about what is a good move. I'd imagine health care and education would be "safer"...not that I necessarily want to be in those sectors, to be honest.
Anyway, I was just hoping you could give me your opinion as to what sectors of the economy you reckon are going to be better positioned once world oil production starts declining?
Sincerely,
A Reader
Hi Reader,
You ask a good question. I would agree that the financial sector is a terrible career choice. The question is what is better.
The big question is how far society drops, and how quickly.
I think electricity is one of the critical things needed to keep society going. The electrical utility area has not hired in a very long time. I have read that even now, the US electrical industry is trying to outsource as much as they can to India--wonderful! Nevertheless, I think that in the years ahead, there have to be jobs in electrical related fields, if society keeps going at all in the way we are now headed.
My view is that long term, the future of electricity is going to be more local. We are going to have an increasingly difficult time keeping up infrastructure for transporting electricity long distances. Also, many of the newer sources of electricity are smaller and more local. I was reading a book recently called "Perfect Power" by Robert Galvin and Kurt Yeager. They argue that there are great improvements in efficiency that could be made at the local level (for example, universities, big manufacturers, and big office buildings). If some electricity could be generated locally and effective storage devices were available, this local generation could help take the stress off the grid. There would be less need to build large new power plants and add transmission lines. It seems like it will be only a matter of time until local groups are permitted to make their own electricity and add the excess to the grid. Allowing local electricity might permit more co-generation (combined heat and power) as well.
I think the other area with a real need is something related to agriculture / biology. What plants will grow without too much support in each area of the country? What approaches can be used to keep pests away that require relatively little technology? What kind of crop rotation would work well? If water is in short supply in a particular area, what techniques can be made to make it go farther (more drought resistant crops, low tech devices for irrigation. The advantage of an agriculture-related field is that you might learn some things helpful for your own family's needs.
I would stay away from health care, at least as taught in universities. I think there are way too many people in healthcare right now. We are not going to be able to afford the huge amount we are spending on it today. If everything becomes more local, healthcare will have a hard time adapting. There are a lot of techniques my father learned when he went to medical school in the early 1940s that might be helpful in an energy-constrained world (for example, diagnostic techniques that don't depend on laboratory tests, and setting bones by "feel"), but these aren't taught any more. After medical school, he learned hypnosis, and used it when stitching up wounds and in helping women with child birth. Health care now is all pill dispensing and surgery, and this won't work long-term.
I think education will be scaled back a lot too. A lot of the stuff being taught today really won't be very relevant in the future. If there is growth, it will be in the practical subjects in high school.
Hope these thoughts help.
Sincerely,
Gail



I learned it right here:
energy production (or extraction, as is often the case)
energy efficiency
energy storage
For example the new federal renewable energy tax credits are said to create 100,000's of jobs. New production facilities are proposed - and moving forward - here in the US for various solar technologies. A sure-fire winner: solar hot water installer.
Have you thought about becoming a preacher! The ultimate in job security - the worse things get, the better your job prospects.
George "Mr. BS" Bush, already has that job.....
You could preach the gospel of Joe Pesci
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8evsSNdXcs
The idea that people will be going into "energy production" assumes a BAU-lite scenario where credit is still available to finance "energy production." That's not happening.
Now if by "energy production" you mean growing weed or homemade ethanol then maybe it's doable. But those occupations don't generally meet what people think of when they use the word "career."
As far as engineering goes the reader is very incorrect in assuming that because it is energy-dependent it is a bad field.
Thus I would not recommend the reader go into engineering if he or she knows that little about it.
Neverthless, I will say if you study any one of the following you are 100% guaranteed employment at any point in your future (the warranty is void if you are not good at what you do):
electrical engineering, nuclear engineering, hardware engineering, geological or mining engineering.
Computers and electricity are not going anywhere (software engineering is NOT a stable job though so it must not be on the list).
I do not know of a single graduate in these programs at my university who was not given a job offer before graduation.
There is now a HUGE shortage of students in electrical engineering - the numbers are dropping very fast, so opportunities later should be even better.
I cannot comment on prospects for civil/mechanical/chemical or other more specialized fields.
Im a mechanical engineer - Work for Caterpillar Inc.
I wasnt sweating until the financial meltdown because if things continue folks will quit buying much of our product. I cant comment beyond that, I havnt seen a slow down in our business yet but logic tells me it will happen.
High commodity prices favor our business because we sell equipment to the mining and oil industry. Ive personally given Halliburton and Schlumberger execs guided tours of the facility I work at.
A Weak dollar can also favor our business - since we are an exporter, although we have moved some of our export business overseas to be closer to the customer.
Having said all that I think being an engineer is a good thing, even without my current employer. I could help design wind turbines, hydro projects or other means of trasnportation.
My job as a diesel engine designer is probably limited, but im not limited to diesel engine design.
I think its also important to have other basic skills. I hunt (firearms as well as a bow). Know how to prepare your own kills. Know how to sew. Plant a garden. You get the idea. Your job is important but I think of equal importance will be those long lost skills that some folks practice today as a "hobby".
As an engineer you get paid for what you KNOW not for what you DO, but dont be complacent. Manual skills will be increasingly important.
I once worked for a Caterpillar Inc plant on Tyler Blvd in Mentor Ohio. That was mid 1970's. they closed the plant and idled 4000 workers and moved the operation to Illinois.
I've been working in Finite Element Analysis, with our primary customers being automotive. Short term, I think there will be some cutbacks. Longer term I think there will be a huge amount of re-engineering as the current products were designed assuming energy would be cheap, and now that that is increasingly being seen to have been wrong, most of the products need radical redesign. So in any rational world, all those engineers doing design and analysis ought to have plenty of work. That even goes for areas which are ultimately dying, say design of combustion engines, or petroleum engineering. The very unattractiveness of these areas to young people insures that those who know how to do the work will be in high demand.
I'm a student of chemical engineering in Canada. My current plan once I graduate is to get some experience in the Alberta tar sands industry, and move from there to working with renewable fuel sources such as biodiesel. I realize that many chemical engineers work on large industrial plants that might not be economical post-crash, but even if the economy becomes severely localized there will still be demand for locally-produced biofuels and fertilizer for agricultural use (assuming this is net energy positive).
I would be interested in hearing from others who might know about further opportunities in chemical engineering.
Knowing the energy usage and energy production industry (and processes) as a ChE is valuable.
It is the one area in my career that has always been valuable. In addition, the broad use of process control (courses) and thermo has also produced some of the most fulfilling work of my career. Note that MEs are similarly positioned with lots of similarity in course work.
As an adjunct, Bio and ag engineering as something in addition to ChE might also be useful (an area that I've found about 1/3rd of my time working in and around over the past couple of years) particularly from an energy and Global Warming/climate change perspective. .
you could extract the morphine from my poppies
Seriously, I have to wonder about drug usage in a post peak world. I imagine it will go up, and someone is going to have to produce all that stuff. That said, I wouldn't recommend it as a career choice to anyone, except as a last resort...
there is sure to be lots of pain post peak
morphine will be in high demand
knowing how to extract it would be useful knowledge
as well as knowledge of other medicine
anyone know how to make antibiotics?
The question presumes a stable employer/employee relationship.
For best economic security, ALSO focus on making yourself of maximum use to your surrounding neighbors.
how to make antibiotics, yes;
also how to extract proper dosages of salicilate [aspirin] from willow bark for fever reduction;
sorting out ineffective old wives tales from nativist pharmocopeia to give herbalism a scientific basis would be useful; you don't want to rely on myths when your patient could die if the diarrhea isn't stopped.
basic cpr, and other paramedic skills, even low tech battlefield condition medical knowledge would be handy.
midwifery.
but we are digressing from the letter writer's area of interest, engineering.
I suggest learning sustainable roman and egyptian and medeival technologies in addition to modern.
how to salvage useful materials and jeryy-rig them for functioning machines;
how to make and repair clocks, watches, and other automatic motion devices;
how to make a battery; repair solar or wind energy collectors
how to make a road that will last centuries
and low energy urban infrastructure redesign/planning: aquaducts and cisterns, nonflush sewage collection; permaculture,aquaculture, food storage science, etc
I would be very interested in information regarding the production of antibiotics at home. I've often thought that the general loss of antibiotics after a crash could be one of the worse pitfalls. My email is my username at hotmail. If you see this and feel up to it, please drop me a line.
As a chemical engineer with ~7 years of experience, I can say that it is certainly an employee's job market (or it was a few weeks ago when I last checked around).
It still seems that the general disinterest in the engineering fields is now showing up as a talent deficit for companies just trying to replace retiring boomers. It will be much more problematic to try to expand to meet future challenges.
A quick glance at www.careerbuilder.com shows that I have literally hundreds of opportunities in areas that my wife and I are considering moving to in the next few years (more sustainable than the Columbus, OH region).
It will be interesting to see how this plays out in time.
As far as my current job goes, the market outlook for the next few months looks bleak. Orders are way down and my line is likely to be idled for a week or more in December.
In a more local and less energy-intense future, practical skills will become relatively more important compared to today. The obvious ones are learning how to grow food and learning how to make, repair and restore things. At the moment these sort of skill are, in money making terms, poor cousins to financial and similar jobs but that could change quickly. Even if you do not take up a career based on practical skills it might be a good idea to develop them as a hobby - there is a satisfaction from creating something that cannot be gained from trading markets or flipping houses.
Having suffered recently from abcess-related toothache I also reckon dentistry will always be in demand!
In the end the more you can do for yourself the less reliant you are on business-as-usual and the services of other people. Also, practical skills can always be bartered in a more simple world.
tw
Any career decision has to make sense now a n d in the future you anticipate. If you would have chosen a career in the late 70ies, and had chosen a career solely based on an anticipated crash, you would have lost a lot.
In the life sciences field, biology is, unfortunately, a discretionary field: after a crash no one would have the money to pay for conservation or basic research, the only positions left would be in the science training of physicians and nurses. The non-discretionary fields are medicine (nurse, physician, surgeon), veterinary medicine (large animals = farm animals only) and agriculture.
Unfortunately, I agree with your comments. And I would echo Gail's comments that the medical fields are bloated and unlikely to continue at this level.
Traditionally, vets were not paid much, esp in large animal practice. No one can afford treatment of livestock that are already resulting in a net loss. Small animal practice, now the source of the bucks for vet practice, will die with the end of "pet insurance" and folks with so much discretionary income. In ag itself, traditional grads tried for the few jobs with government-USDA, county extension, etc and the bulk ended up in marketing ag commodities. You don't need a degree to farm.
I've listened to the strides for aquaculture till I'm blue in the face, since all thought we'd have magic algal colonies in a space-aged Jetson world. It'll never compete with its sky high cost structure in a commodity world controlled by the cheapest food for the most people. Finfish aquaculture, the lions share of the market, has always been controlled by the cost of the wild product. Demise of wild fisheries doesn't necessarily mean ascendancy of the cultured, for the industry depends on wild "trash" species, processing offal, and by catch for the feed of cultured species. Strides are being made in getting the correct nonwild feed formulations for certain species, but there's a host of other problems. It's so much like biofuels, it'll work, but never scale.
How about microbiology and biochemistry coupled with environmental science!? After losing those 200 or so petroleum slaves why not put to work a few trillion microbes. Feed and anerobic reactor fecal matter get out usable methane gas. Algae utilize the suns energy very well and produce lipids (for biodiesel), carbohydrates (for bioethanol), and proteins for animal feed. They can also be used to scavenge phosphorus and nitrogen to produce fertilizers. They grow in freshwater, brackish and salt water under a wide variety of temperature regimens. They may be capable of producing biopolymers than can fit into plastic production. Lots of possibilities in these fields.
After taking a rather long time to get there, I am finally about to graduate from college. I am about to take a B.S. in marine biology and wish to go on to graduate school after I get a bit of work experience (my grades aren't the best). As such, I would like to get into a field that seems like it does not have a lot of places to study it yet. That field is "ecological economics". I figure that there will be a hell of a need to integrate our economic systems with the systems of nature and thus I want to be a part of the first wave to really get into that. Does anybody have an idea of what schools would be a good place to study such a discipline? I have always been interested in how systems work and have a mind that is best suited to finding the links between disparate ideas, and thus think this would be a good fit. Any ideas?
I'm applying to the Applied Economics program at the University of Minnesota. They have a concentration in resource economics. I think Wisconsin has a very good program in this field as well.
Nate Hagens is getting a doctorate at the Gund Institute of Ecological Economics at University of Vermont.
I'm not sure where,
but aquaculture has a huge future.
It is being done, especially with shellfish. They don't require much additional inputs (vs salmon and shrimp farming) and actually improve water quality in the areas that they are implemented in. I know of at least 5 active shellfish farms in the state of Rhode Island (where I am from) that produce very large quantities of high quality oysters and clams (quahogs, specifically, for those of you who have seen "Family Guy"). Additionally, the grow-out cages for the oysters have been shown in this paper:
http://afs.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1577%2FT...
to function as artificial reefs for the enhanced recruitment of edible fish species' larvae and juveniles. All in all, it seems like a pretty good idea.
Which ever "professional" career you feel you must pursue through academia I would also recommend finding a well seasoned (old) local craftsmen who is productive in making something people NEED or repairing what people NEED, and insinuate yourself into an internship position making yourself indespensible.
IMO every “professional” career position you can name will have 100 people killing to get that 1 job for the foreseeable future.
Edit; 1000 people will be trying for the position.
Only 100 will KILL for it.
I always tell people that if they can get in the door of the oil industry they may have job security for life. (Alternative energy is great as well, but the winners are still not completely clear, thus you might get into an area that has no long-term future). The average age in the oil industry is close to retirement age. We are looking at a serious defiency of personnel even now, and it looks to get worse. We will always have a need for energy, and the people who know how to provide that energy will always be in demand. I think that demand will only increase as oil supplies deplete.
There are many different types of jobs that can get you in the door. There are multiple disciplines of engineer: chemical, petroleum, mechanical, electrical, environmental, civil; chemists, operations, business analysts, etc. Some of those jobs are probably better long term bets for security than others.
I thought about including the oil industry, but didn't include it because the individual who wrote the letter lives in a country that has no oil resources. There will probably be more "Jobs per barrel" in the future, just because oil is more and more difficult to extract.
a mix of electrical engineering and mechanical... Renewable energy engineering!
oit Portland REE
It's a very unique (and pretty new) program,
Dispite that we have some really great and inspiring instructors, and a lot of interesting students from all over the country
I was a computer programmer and needed a change, and this has been a great choice as far as I'm concerned
Good luck
I went the other way. I was an engineer in the oil drilling tools market for 15 years and decided to go back to school for computer science. Now I still work for an oil tools company, but I write customization software to make the engineers more efficient. Cross training turns out to be VERY valuable. When times are good, they like me to help speed things up for the 700 engineers, and when times are bad, they want me to make it possible to run everything with less people.
Blacksmith/subsistance farmer lol!
Since you're a maths teacher you should check out smooth infinitesimal analysis (SIA). This is the correct logical basis for calculus. Limit theory (and its modern incarnation non-standard analysis) are pure, unadulterated garbage. I was searching the internet for an explanation of calculus for about 10 years and finding SIA has been an ongoing revelation.
I'm sorry, what is incorrect about the limit theorem + Riemann Sum approach?
Apologies for that outburst, got out on the wrong side of bed. The advantages of SIA compared to Limit theory are:
1. The proofs of the basic results of calculus are much simpler and more elegant in SIA.
2. Limit theory leads to contradictions such as the Banach-Tarski paradox, whereas SIA does not. This is a result of the fact that the Axiom of Choice is not generally true in SIA.
3. The NSA version of Limit theory permits a procedure known as 'taking the standard part' without justification. In SIA infinitesimals cancel eachother out within proofs.
4. SIA can be extended in a very simple, natural manner to yield a process known as microadditivity, of great use in physics. There is no comparable process within the 'classical' approach to physics.
Various other benefits of SIA are given in the books referenced below. It's interesting that you mention Riemann - Bell describes him as a prolific user of infinitesimals.
A Primer of Infinitesimal Analysis,
The Continuous and the Infinitesimal (in mathematics and philosophy), J L Bell
Study Physics, and seek a power producing job. I have worked with nuclear installations, production of solar (PV) panels and am now doing a job with wind turbines (the big ones!). Rent your house and grow some of your own food. There are interesting sectors on other studies as well, like chemical modification of renewable matter, biofuels etc. Try to get directly employed by the company, not by some contractor.
I guess one would have to ask, "What careers are going to be viable when there is much less energy and money around?"
No, not a crash to nothing (that'll never happen. Even Hubbard's curve has a long tail... Even Fiat currency will always be worth *something*...) But what will be viable?
Auto Mechanic.
Police Officer.
Prison Guard.
Hairstylist/barber.
Lawyer.
Lawn/Yard Maintenance.
Handyman.
Electrician.
Plumber.
Carpenter.
Doctor.
Accountant.
Cashier.
Farmer.
Garbageman.
Tax Collector.
Bartender.
Teacher.
Careers for low energy societies:
Taxicab driver.
Home Energy Consultant (i.e. someone who audits homes for energy loss.)
Railroad Engineer/Railroad Conductor.
Anything in oil/energy fields.
Bicycle Repairer.
Notice that the majority of these are things that cannot be outsourced. Safe jobs. But, most of these jobs will not make you insanely wealthy, either. These are jobs that require both physically beign at a location and having an expertise to 'sell'.
There are more, but I am out of time... You get my drift.
Right, and these all fit into Gail's thoughts about localization, too.
Gunsmith
Doctor specializing in gunshot wounds.
At least in the US these will be jobs for life.
I've read quite a bit about the Great Depression and two major themes seem to be at play.
If you want to do well you have to own your own house outright and have a bit of savings. Next you should develop a variety of skills but most importantly it seems that being a good trader was important this makes sense as you move to a barter society. This means in many cases developing a good standing in the community and developing a reputation as a honest business man. It just seemed to me reading the stories that regardless of what the person was doing the ones that did well did so because they where decent small business men. On the other side of the coin if you don't have the money to own outright renting from someone that is decent and owns the house and getting a job with a stable business may be a good idea. I'm not sure how to explain but the local leaders if you will took on a much much larger role in the depression acting as banks, investors, managers of trade, provided work and housing for the poor etc etc. They reminded me of a startup company. Everyplace will be scrambling to figure out what they can do with their local resources to sell stuff to someone else. Given peak oil any long distance trade will probably be in non-perishable items or durable goods. This includes foodstuffs that can keep well.
One thing you can do is monitor what you do everyday and who you interact with and consider how this would change under peak oil.
You will find that certain interactions are very important to you I have kids so milk is high on the list. This means that anything that has to do with milk is probably a safe bet.
Depending on where you live a good trader might have to know multiple languages. For transport a knowledge of sailing and navigation by stars and sextent could be useful. Those GPS satellites won´t work or stay up there forever. Psychology might be a useful barter skill both in helping people and understanding what they need. A knowledge of medicinal plants and herbs will come in handy if pharmacy goes down the tubes.
HVAC systems and optimization of existing HVAC in commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings. For a long time, we neglected the air-handling systems of our buildings because energy was cheap and money was always available. Any building that has been expanded or modified in a significant way from its original design is likely to have air handling problems/inefficiencies (experienced as spaces that are too hot or too cold). In tighter times, it will make sense to diagnose and implement efficiency-related modifications. The math and physics involved are complex, but manageable, yet few people have bothered to study in this field.