Extrapolating UK's oil production history to the World case

This is a guest article from TOD member: Roberto

Roberto makes some very interesting observations about UK North Sea oil extraction, article below.

I would like to draw some interesting analogies between the UK oil production and the World oil production.


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  1. Both have a premature and clear peak (World in 1980 and UK in 1985). The absolute peak for the UK was in 1999. Although the world probably hasn't done its absolute peak yet it will soon.

  2. The premature peak on both cases had a non-geological component: in the World case it was the Iran-Iraq War and the OPEC embargo, and in the UK case the PIPER accident.

    But there were also geological reasons for the decline: in the World case the fields in South Arabia were probably overproduced until 1980 (see "Twilight in the Desert"), and in the UK case Brent's production collapsed after 1988 (but after 3 or 4 years new technology like horizontal drilling came to the rescue and gave new life to the field, hat tip to MUDLOGGER).

  3. As in the rest of the Oil basins of the world, in the UK there is a King (Forties, which production started in 1975), Queen I (Brent 1976), Queen II (Ninian 1978), and a few Lords (Magnus 1983, Piper 1976 & Nelson 1994).


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    Clearly, the giant fields in the UK were discovered very quickly. In the World case, most of the super-giants were also discovered quite early in the oil history (and the few exception like the Cantarell field are bound for big declines real soon).

  4. Actually, the premature peak of UK is quite well explained by these premature discoveries. I will try to show this by the following graph:


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    So the production of UK without its biggest 5 oilfields is very Gaussian-like or Hubbert-like. This trend continues, that is, if you remove the 18 oilfields that had average production over 50 thousand barrels a day, you get an even smoother profile:


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    Still a bump between 1975 and 1993 remains, that is because between 1975 and 1984, another 25 fields were discovered with considerable average production rates.

    I claim that the world case has a similar behaviour, i.e. if you leave out the super-giants you obtain a Gaussian-like or Hubbert-like curve.

Stuart and Khebab have pointed out at the possibility of the central limit theorem applying to oil production to give a normal distribution. But what I am saying is that the central limit theorem does not apply at all well directly, because there are a few fields that are much larger that the rest and have been discovered very early. If you leave out these aberrations first, the central limit theorem will work much better, and will give you something close to a normal distribution.

In summary, I think that the premature discoveries of super-giants can cause odd production profiles. So it would be better to factor them out before you do modeling.

Also note that the role of very mature super-giants won't be decisive in the future, since their weight in the overall production will diminish. This is very clear in the case of UK, where nowadays Forties, Brent, Ninian, Magnus & Piper represent just a small portion of the total production.

One more picture of UK's oil production:


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The total North Sea crude + condensate plot shows a perfect Hubbert Linearization trend, with a peak at 52% of Qt.   I think that you interject too much noise into the analysis when you focus on sub-basins.
I would like to see those graphs. Can you give a link or post them?

I have to admit that I am not as convinced by Hubbert Linearization as I was before. I am planning to post a comment soon about my criticisms of the Hubbert Linearization method. Basically the Hubbert Linearization method makes almost everything look like a line. Hubbert Linearization method plots cumulative production versus (real production)/(cumulative prod) and then a Hubbert curve gets transformed into a line. But if you plot cumulative versus real production the Hubbert curve gets transformed into a parabola that passes through the origin.
See Jean Laherrère (pages 11-14)
for some graphs of this type. I think that this method is much more reliable and robust to determine the peak.

I'll have to dig out the North Sea plot, but you can see some recent HL stuff at:  http://graphoilogy.blogspot.com/

We tested the reliability of the HL model regarding the Lower 48 in the following article:  http://www.energybulletin.net/13575.html

I do have a suggestion for an experiement of sorts.  It is remarkably easy to do an HL plot for the North Sea using the EIA data.  It would be interesting to see what kind of Qt that several people came up with.  Data (crude + condensate):  http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ipsr/t41b.xls  

I sent the North Sea graph to Chris.  If you give me an e-mail link, I can send it to you also.

Jeffrey J. Brown
westexas@aol.com