"....... We Wasted a Day of Sunlight!"

This year, for the first time I have attempted to grow a meaningful amount of my own food, at least enough to store during the winter and supplement (hopefully) fewer trips to the grocery store. I planted 38(!) heirloom tomato plants, which has proven to be a few too many. I literally have had days with bushel baskets of tomatoes. Some go to friends, many are dried, many are partially cooked in a solar oven, then frozen. This post is not about tomatoes or solar ovens, but about paradigm shifts and tipping points. It relates to a comment my Dad made.



First some background:

I go out in the morning and pick whatever tomatoes are ripe. On sunny days, I wash and core the tomatoes, then quarter them. In July, I wrote a post here about the Midwest Renewable Energy Fair, where I bought a Solar SOS oven. I really like it, and use it most days either to cook a snack or blanche/prepare some produce for storage. It can get to about 225 degrees and about 275 if you use the solar reflectors (not shown here)



I then put the tomatoes in the pot, put a little olive oil on them and some oregano and italian seasoning, close the lid of the solar oven, point it towards the sun and rotate clockwise 30 degrees, and leave to do whatever else is on my agenda for the day.



Several hours later (or as little as 2 hours), I return to juicy delicious tomato concoction, which I can eat with bread or such right then.



But lately, I've been dumping the contents in freezer bags and throwing them in my (energy star) freezer, to remind me of summer during the long Wisconsin winter. But heres the moral of this story.

My father is one of my favorite people, though politically and economically he hits it pretty straight down the fairway. He's a peak oil agnostic - though he does believe that oil is finite, he doesn't think there will be meaningful supply problems in his lifetime (on this we disagree). He is a nature lover, and very knowledgeable about the natural world, though I suspect this is related to the deer and ducks he shoots. He has always been a very hard worker - even if nothing really needs 'doing' he will find a 'project' of some sort to occupy his time, usually outdoors.

Though Ive thought Ive gotten under his skin the past year or so - warning of peak oil, explaining how dependent our system is on liquid fuels, articulating how fragile the food transport economy is, etc., perhaps there have been positive externalities from these talks. He helped me build a decent sized garden this year, and we have been storing (and eating) from the garden for the past few months.

(Punchline)Yesterday I was too busy to go use the solar oven. At about 3 in the afternoon my father returned from some various outdoor chores and inquired 'Whats in the solar oven today, Nat?" I told him I had forgotten to put anything in it - that I was too busy. His reply, (the title of this post), was a vehement "What?!! You've wasted a day of sunlight!!" And you could tell from his expression that he actually felt this as a 'loss'. (It's possible he was thinking that we'd now need to use the oven, which would cost money in KwH, as opposed to free sunlight)

After the initial shock and some chuckling, I thought a bit about this. My father is old school. For him to think in terms of 'energy' as a currency to pay attention to, is important. He is not in the peak oil crowd, but just a normal guy pursuing his lot. It gave me renewed confidence in our collective ability to change, when I heard those terms meaningfully spoken, from someone who has worked hard his entire life but never viewed 'sunlight' as something of value.

Today's societal metric of success is pecuniary bigger and better stuff. This metric was not one created overnight. Our world has been morphed by a collection of baby steps, too small to notice day by day, but quite significant when they accumulate over decades. So too, will the world of our children be created by such small steps. The change to a biophysical economy will also be a long process. To me, being chastised by my Dad that I wasted a day of sunlight, is a baby step in the right direction.

Im not suggesting that everyone be farmers. But to change small aspects of our lives to be more in sync with natural systems is an improvement in our demand infrastructure that will add up over time. These ‘food chores’ may appear wasteful to an economist. My time, knowledge and experience should be able to provide more societal utility that would translate to monetary value for me and more resources to society as a whole via my comparative advantage. Indeed, the amount of money I could make in the time it took me to procure one batch of tomatoes would probably be enough for me to have dried heirloom tomatoes to my door by federal express. But I a)enjoy spending my time this way, b)eat healthier unprocessed food, c)have more opportunity to create social capital with neighbors and d)have less opportunity to spend my time consuming other stuff...

Had my Dad not been traveling today, perhaps he would have told me I wasted a day of rain...;)

My father is 87 and still strong – especially in mind. He has clear memories back to his maternal grandfather (born 1861) and the way of life they had, and then his father through World War I, and of course what my parents went through at school, during the Depression (which hit Australia extremely hard too), World War II, and the raising of their family through the 50s and 60s boom.

He is part of the Greatest Generation, and he is not that unusual (well in some ways he is exceptional, not just through longevity) in his broad range of skills, independence, knowledge, but above all, his sense of community and a belief in a social good. He also dragged himself out of the working class, and now lives in old age quite comfortably with my mother. But they have never retreated to a individualism that is the dominant theme today – they are curious and interested in the world, and in old-fashioned values such as self-responsibility, justice, equality, and fairness.

We occasionally have long talks about the way the world has changed – at all sorts of levels. He is a total believer in Peak Oil, but equally, just about Peak Everything. The world may change incrementally, but by some measures the world has changed at lightning speed during his lifetime (1920 – ). He is a guy who can still use a wide range of beautiful hand tools, but is also quite au fait with the Internet – and everything in between.

He bemoans (as I do) the destruction of community caused by the motor car – and while he acknowledges the enormous freedom mass car ownership has afforded, he is very critical of the neglect of public transport, and the spread of suburban sprawl outwards from every city. Along with the neglect of public transport, there has been a major change in his mind – a neglect of the commonweal on just about every level.

He reserves his greatest criticisms for wars – especially resource wars. His (our) whole family has been dramatically affected by war – over many generations – and his strong anti-Vietnam stances were almost career-threatening at the time (he was a life long schoolteacher and then college lecturer). His greatest contribution to his small circle has been his long-standing resistance to mindless consumerism, and he and my mother both quietly shake their heads watching the rampant spending of their grandchildren, and all their friends.

They see the wealth these young people enjoy, but understand intuitively (and to some extent analytically) that it is simply not sustainable for very long. They are aware that the massive paradigm shifts will occur after their lifetime, but in some ways it is ironic. If the world did change dramatically while they were alive – it is in fact their generation that would clearly be best equipped to deal with it. Much better than my cohort (baby boomers), and certainly more than the iPod, plasma screen, jet-setting younger generation. Interesting – and scary – times indeed.

The APEC Summit concluded in Sydney on Sunday – and energy issues were virtually absent, despite the presence of Australia (as host), USA, China, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and so on. It is as if the whole world cannot emerge from the denial – to do so publicly would bring it all down in ways that are too unpredictable to be allowable.

Us seniors recall when the world was not so crowded.

Especially with lawyers.

We're trying to do something about the lawyer overpopulation.

http://www.prosefights.org/nmlegal/tenthvoid/motionjpg/motion.pdf

http://www.prosefights.org/nmlegal/tenthvoid/noticejpg/notice.pdf

Legally, of course.

Cheers

Read The Compleat Angler by Izaak Walton. Written in the mid 1600s, it was one of the first books for the popular press. Long diatribe against lawyers in there (along with some great fishing lore.)

Excellent post.

The rot of unaccoutable fiat takes time to control the mind.

Arkansawyer

Cargill is a heavy duty name in Ag.

I have been reading about peak oil for several years now. I was really scared about it for a while. This spring I decided that the best response to peak oil that I could execute personally would be to start a garden. I read "The New Organic Gardener" and started the garden as a crazy project.

Low and behold, my whole family got excited about it. Everybody planted their patch of the garden and we had a huge crop and cooked it all up. We had an enormous amount of food and the yields were great. We pickled and preserved some and ate the rest. Getting my family into the habit of caring for the soil and growing and preserving foods will be good in case we ever need to grow our own food for real.

I want to put in a cistern that we can use to catch rain water for gravity driven irrigation next. Have any of you guys done so? Do you have any recommendations?

Here's a note from a related application. Just put in a pond w/ 10-ft of head above a new garden spot and have been investigating drip irrigation techniques. Most commercial systems require 10psi (or approx. 23-ft head) to operate as designed. So . . . low head applications require a different approach. I'm headed towards 2" diam. siphon line from pond into undetermined diam. distribution lines.

I work alot with gravity systems. For surface water and drip, I've never had much luck. Cleanest surface water always has some sediment, which clog emitters within a season, even at 28 psi in my experience. Need a good filter. Another problem I've had is bacterial deposits clogging emitters. That black head in the sun is a perfect incubator at times. Chlorine drip? Not worth it. I use large emitters for trees, but in my opinion, the constant checking of emitters and risk of losing a young tree in the orchard is not worth it. Easier to dump 5 gallon buckets.

Low head is a problem. At about 20 feet of head, (never checked the gauge for psi) I've had luck with lightweight 1/2 inch thread plastic impact sprinklers on pasture. I run 1 1/2 poly for a mainline, then 2 1 inch laterals, trying to keep cost down. You should lower friction losses with your 2 inch. Also had luck with 2 3/4 inch head brass nozzles on each end. 1/2 inch brass, esp rainbird, I've never had much luck with. They just are too tight to spin properly. The biggest thing is keeping any air out of the lines.

For low pressure sprayers take a look at 'wobblers'.

At 10 psi they will throw a 24' - 30' circle of water and throw nice large drops that aren't blown about by the breeze.

I've been using them for a few years and am quite happy with them.

http://www.dripworksusa.com/store/sprinkler.php#tiptop

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Seems to me that going to 2" water line is going overboard. Unless you have a long run or are moving a lot of water it just doesn't seem necessary (or effective).

Check a micro hydro site for psi loss calculations.

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For a low cost drip system visit a local restaurant/bakery and get some (usually) free five gallon buckets. Drill a hole or two just above the bottom, set them beside a tree and fill with the hose.

The water will flow out slowly and get absorbed rather than running off. And you'll have some idea of how much you gave the tree.

I agree with your thoughts on 2 inch. On another gravity system I also use 1 1/2 for mainline, probably up to 600 feet on 30 to 50 feet of head, depending on lateral location.

As I recall, frictional losses between 1 1/4 and 1 1/2 are about double, worth the pipe cost.

Another line, though, at 1800 feet and wanting 15+ gpm, was worth the money for 2 inch.

Wobble link looks interesting, any problem with clogging? You using their 1/2 line and tubing? What is your water source? I tried years back a homemade system w/o emitters where I just cut tubing to length to get a desired flow. Had clogging problems with it on pond water, running about about 25 psi on lateral.

Thanks for the thought, but I don't have 10psi but rather 10ft of head. Much different energy gradient. Many more options become available at 10psi, such as the one you suggest.

My calcs are showing approx. 24gpm after losses for my 2" PVC trunk line. Intended application is 4000SF vegetable garden, so I'm thinking I could use all of that after I try to branch down a number of rows.

24 gpm on 4000 ft is one heck of alot of water. Might as well just go furrow flood.

As I haven't done this yet the feedback is interesting. Thanks.

By my calcs 24gpm on 4000sf work out to just over 1.5hrs to apply a uniform inch of water. I was thinking this was just about right, but you're saying this is too much?

24 gpm, about 5 garden hoses on full, can give you real erosion problems unless it's really spread out. Tubing would require a maze to cover 4000SF.

Furrow irrigation is the choice among growers with flat land and plenty of water, which you appear to have. It's quite effective, having complete field saturation, as opposed to overhead which tends to overwater certain areas while leaving others drier. It works best after the crop is established, as it often can destroy seedlings. Any slope and you are liable to get gullies.

If you are limited to 3 or 4 psi, and wish to conserve water, I suggest a small gas water transfer pump, assuming the pond is too far from electric power. They usually will run a couple hundred. Like a chainsaw, the few liters of fuel it would consume are quite worthwhile in operating sprinkler or drip systems. Perhaps there are now reasonably priced solar pump systems you might find.

If your pond is just established, you might wish to wait a year to get a handle on its seal and evaporative losses. That could point you in a different direction, with some pond evaporative losses exceeding an inch/day.

Thank you very much for the advice, it's much appreciated. Would you have any particular reference sources for irrigation practices? Email address? I have a yahoo email account under the name 'onewoodturkey'.

If you get enough rain to make it worthwhile, you don't need irrigation. A rain catchment that supplies all your indoor needs is easy. Irrigation requires too much water.

RobertInSantaBarbara

I haven`t escaped from reality. I have a daypass.

Actually you only wasted two hours less of sunlight than you usually waste. Still much better than me and most of the developed world's residents. Today, American's will probably waste about 250 million days of sunlight (or person days or sunlight). Same tomorrow. This is great reminder of how society does have a huge numbers of options for more efficient use of energy resources. They just never occured to us when energy was cheap and easy.

Not I, said the Rat. Made about 7 KW today.

Might as well tie fathers and tomatoes together.
Back when I was about 7 years old, living in Bakersfield, there was a vacant field behind our house, and a tool rental place on the other side. There were some volunteer tomatoes in the field, so my brother and I figured we would entertain ourselves by throwing tomatoes at the tool rental back wall. Unfortunately, somebody recognized The Flying Rat Brothers, , and Dad had to end up washing it off.
I'm not sure what the punishment was, beyond a spanking, which I know we got. It wasn't nearly as memorable as watching him clean the wall, so it was either bearable, or so bad it has been completely blacked out. Bad Rat.

Shouldn't wasted sunlight be measured in TxM^2 (hours * area)?

Nate,

Your father follows an old American tradition of discovery.

Chris

That is a great letter. Benjamin Franklin is someone I definitely would have liked to meet. (almost as much as Charles Darwin)

I thought your key-post as initially presented (at least to me) was rather lean, and even truncated. I quite liked it - leaving it to the reader to fill in all the gaps relating to the tomato-cooking process and discussions with your father. It is now much more normal-looking of course.

LOL
That is too funny. I had just started to write this post and PG apparently had it on 'autopost' to automatically be frontpaged at 5 MST. I didnt even know about it until I came home, then took it down and finished it.

You raise an interesting point. We are all used to the same social routines, and we notice when things are out of place. You actually LIKED something out of place.

Another baby step...;)

I admire all your hard work!

Have you found a way to process and store tomatoes that doesn't involve using a freezer? It seems like the energy used in keeping them frozen might offset the savings from the sun cooker.

well theres canning of course, which Ive done a bit of but am not an expert at. The freezer actually doesnt use too much energy - about $25 per year currently. But you raise a good point - I am not an energy efficiency poster boy by any stretch. Im sure I still use way more than the average american. But Im trying to use less not because I should but because I want to.

Great Story and it touches my heart. 30+ plants and you won't have to ever buy tomatoes. I've been doing this since a kid, and I highly recommend a pressure canner. We've been using the same jars for over 30 years with less than 1% yearly bottle fatalities. The rings are good forever if you wash them quickly (acid from the 'maters will pit them), but you have to shell out for lids.
Your freezer sounds pretty efficient, but if you really want to save energy, ignore the pre-treatment and just toss raw tomatoes in a bag and freeze them directly. The texture goes straight to hell, but for soups and sauces it makes no difference. When you're ready to use them, poor a little boiling water (left over from the morning coffe prep) and the skins slip right off; chop them while they are still frozen and you don't have to clean up the juice from the countertop.
The other great thing about pressure canning tomatoes is that their acidity can help preserve other veggies that you might have to worry about--beans and summer squash in particular. Botulism can thrive at neutral pH and low osmolarity, but a nice sauce of tomatoes and salt and no problem.
Keep it up and drive another nail in the coffin of store-bought tomatoes.

two comments:

1)I was under impression that tomatoes and other veggies had to be heated (blanched) a bit before freezing to stop the 'growth enzyme' otherwise they would rot during storage?

2)if youve grown tomatoes your whole life, you will know what I mean when I say, I just cant buy a store bought tomato anymore - they taste like cardboard. Seriously - I don't think I ever will (unless Im starving of course)

veggies had to be heated (blanched) a bit before freezing

blanching seems to slow up color changes.

If you want to get a pressure cooker - I suggest supporting a "local" https://store.wafco.com/ezmerchant/home.nsf business and buy "All American"
http://www.pressurecooker-outlet.com/941.htm

(Personally I bought my 41 quart unit because its this unit
http://www.autoclave-parts.com/z-all-american/1941X-main.html w/out the #4 part and a whole lot cheaper!)

Canning tomatoes is not that hard - their acidity makes them less susceptible to contamination than a lot of other foods. I usually can a few dozen each year - there is quite a joy in walking down to the basement on a cold February, and opening up a jar of late summer.

My tomatoes are from the local market - there is a period of two or three weeks where the stores just can't handle the bounty of tomatoes coming in. They are at their peak, (no pun), and perfect for canning.

Half a steel drum, a propane stove (both borrowed from Italian neighbours), and mason jars are all I need. A good book on canning food in general is putting food by.

Right. Acidic foods such as tomatoes don't require a pressure cooker. You can can quite nicely in a hot water bath.

I make up big pots of spaghetti sauce (sans meat) in the late summer, toss in a lot of extra garden veggies (zucchini, eggplant, carrots, onions, etc.). I simmer until really tasty and then have my own "Ragu" ready to roll when the snows come.

Also tomatoes dry well. I've got a gas stove with a pilot light so I just halve the paste tomatoes and spread on cookie sheets in the oven for a few hours.

Outside in the hot sun works well also. Cover with some screen wire to keep the bugs off. If you're worried about your dried tomatoes not keeping well just pack them down in a jar and cover with olive oil.

I like the pressure cooker merely because it is fast! Propane burner in the back yard and 16 pints are done in minutes! (I do the boiling trick as well--especially for apricots and peaches--pressure destroys the texture)

Canning is also a relatively high energy process. It preceded what we are doing today, but it was relatively new then. It requires lots of glass jars (which can be recycled) and lids. While it is a useful technique, I think we need to be finding ways of preserving food that are not so technology-dependent. Thus, I think we need to be thinking about learning to dry food - "sun dried tomatoes" for example.

By the way, after trying some tomato plants here in Georgia last year and failing, I didn't even try this year. It seems like we need to be learning to grow plants that are adapted to our local environment, and tomatoes are definitely not adapted to the Georgia climate. Here, we need to water tomatoes almost every day. Also, the native soil is not very good for tomatoes - we need to use purchased "garden soil" and quite a bit of fertilizer. This doesn't sound very sustainable to me.

Last year, back when infinite postings and other of back of envelope posters were in abundance, I tried to get a energy comparison of home rangetop canning vs home freezing for a year. Could someone take a reasonable stab at it this year?

Hi Doug , this doesn't directly speak to your question but I think that a reasonable storage in mason Jars can last for about 10 years whereas freezing is usually regarded as one year then dump (though some things will stand up better than others). Right now, for instance, I think we have a surplus of canned jam which takes up two large shelves and should last us over 5 years and I am thinking of talking to the local market to see if they can take some fruit. I would also think that you could also bring into that energy comparison what you personally save in energy by freezing rather than canning. Small amounts of stuff that I am going to use within a year I would freeze as not only is it less time consuming but keeps vitamin content better.

BTW a handy household hint: when canning, the method described of using a hot bath to sterilize jars before filling is better done by steaming in a covered pot for a minute or two, great energy and time saving that way.

CR- Canned vs frozen, can is supposed to be longer life, though some of my meats and cider have stayed frozen years-stews or sauce doesn't show much difference.

We run 3 large chest deep freezes for our food, plus canning, root cellar, some fruit dried. Beans and veggies, even beets, seem better froze. Some fruits, like cherries and peaches, seem to taste better canned, tho maybe it is conditioning. What I'm curious about is the energy. Most freezing calls for 3 minute blanc, then cool. Then freeze. Given my kwh charge, I can compute the energy in the deep freeze system for a gallon of green beans at say 6 mos. What gets me is figuring the energy for boiling stovetop-depends on batch size, loss of energy around pan, etc, and with canning, trying to figure energy for canning involves size of canner-say 5 qt jars in prob 2 gal water-but then each food requires different times-what is the energy to maintain canning pressure for 30 min?

What would be nice is figures from industry also-so one could compare the efficiency. Perhaps even with food mile energy charges, industrial beats home by a long margin. It could easily be expanded to a nice top post---Nate, are you game?

As for the surplus of canned jam, a couple teenagers would knock that off in no time.

My, my Doug Fir, all that and you do 3 minute blanc as well? I see you also use a little livre de noir? I serve that with a little sauce called hot link au gratis.

My French is as poor as my Danish.

Typing I nearly flunked in high school, run on sentences I picked up later on.

I also should make more use of the pronoun we, as in my wife and I.

get manual defrost freezers as they save much energy But also preserve the food by a very significant amt. for instance 7 yr. old peaches still very good. in a defrosting freezer 6 mo. to 1 yr.

defrost manual freezers 1x per 1-3 yrs. if not in & out a lot in humidity. 3 hr. job.

nice post Nate [ is you're freezer manual defrost- i bet it is]. family ,community & food ; the spice of life & my brain took it in so much easier than most oil drum matters; not that it doesn't need the exercise!

Doug:

Here's a stab (really a pointer toward possible sources of answers rather than the answer). You can probably find the answer to your specific question in the LCA Food Database.

The relevant methodology for these comparisons is "Life Cycle Analysis" - Wiki & WordPress tag

Jim Prevor's Perishable Pundit post What is 'Life Cycle Analysis'? contains a comparison of commercial frozen vs. canned green beans (canning wins by 2x). He provides the original report as a pdf

EnviroStats! also reports some LCAs under a tag. Comparing packaging is interesting.

FWIW, Life cycle assessment of farming systems in the Encyclopedia of Earth.

Thanks for the information. I finally tired of looking for the energy data in the LCA links, but then I don't read Danish, which kept popping up on me.

The pdf is good, showing commercial production, if I'm reading his flowchar