Dr Deffeyes defines a date
Posted by Heading Out on February 13, 2006 - 10:32am
Topic: Supply/Production
Tags: ken deffeyes, peak oil [list all tags]
Ken Deffeyes has come out with a new statement about standing on the summit. It has been suggested that it have its own thread. So here it is.
The relevant bits are
I predicted that world oil production would peak on Thanksgiving Day, November 24, 2005. In hindsight, that prediction was in error by three weeks. An update using the 2005 data shows that we passed the peak on December 16, 2005. . . . . . By 2025, we're going to be back in the Stone Age. . . . . . . Ethanol, fuel cells, and solar cells are not the only shimmering dreams. Methane hydrates, oil shale, and the Yucca Mountain radioactive waste depository would be better off forgotten. There are plenty of solid opportunities. Energy conservation is by far the most important. Initiatives that are already engineered and ready to go are biodiesel from palm oil, coal gasification (for both gaseous and liquid fuels), high-efficiency diesel automobiles, and revamping our food supply. Every little bit helps, but even if wind energy continues its success it will still be a little bit. . . . . . . That's it. I can now refer to the world oil peak in the past tense. My career as a prophet is over. I'm now an historian.The floor is yours.
Imagine...
Average fuel efficiency now in the USA is about 20 mpg (US), though obviously existing cars (not even hybrids) can easily get twice that.
Anyway the definition of "slow squeeze" I had in mind only gets up to 3% per year depletion toward the end of the 20 years. You'd need 3% every year for 20 years to get down to half of current production.
Solar power is a low value use of land, so they are likely to be located "in the middle of nowhere". The demand for chilled water will likely be limited to the support staff.
Perhaps the bed of the Salt River in Phoenix could be covered with raised mirrors, but aesthetics and glare into offices would prevent this. Not at the airport, glare into pilots eyes.
OTOH, storing hot oil till the sun sets and temperatures decline may well be worth doing. Increase the natural gas supplemental heating (only 2% on NV 1, vs. 25% before) to offset any cooling but get greater thermodynamic efficiency.
Solar power is more valuable at the point of use than far away (avoids all the expense and losses of the transmission system); if the roof of the 7-11 sports a mirror array which powers the whole thing and the waste heat air-conditions it too, you've effectively gone off-grid while the sun is shining. Have another unit or two to shade the parking lot, and you could supply excess power to charge the cars coming and going.
Rooftops are NOT so cheap. Additional structure to support solar load (weight). Elevating them above parking lot has some additional costs as well (like elevating above river bed).
Also, great care must be taken to not break the watertightness of a roof, and any reroofing has to be done under/around solar collectors and their supports.
Still, I good see a 200 acre array mounted over some of the parking lots in Phoenix. Concrete around each post to prevent accident knocking down pole and spilling 750 C oil everywhere ! Capital cost of lost parking spaces due to poles & guards is a high value loss and probably kills idea unless parking becomes "surplus".
Perhaps 0.5% of Phoenix load that way.
It might be cheaper to do it with heliostats feeding a fixed collector. If so, the result would not look all that much different from a filling station with roofed pump islands.
When regions peak, you can just import more oil from other regions, which is what we've been doing up until now. The result is a more or less symmetrical curve in regional production.
When global production peaks, the physical reality of oil shortage and the psychological (and therefore economic) impacts are likely to be entirely different.
We really are sailing into uncharted waters. What happens next is anyone's guess.
For those who weren't here, Strategic Air Commander General Curtis LeMay strongly advocated using nukes to bomb North Vietnam back into the stone age.
You're probably right. Yeeh Hah! Yeeh Hah! (love that scene ---with "till we meet again" as the musical backdrop-- brings back memories of a time when the world was less crowded, 50%)
- Bombers aren't folks on the ground who can actually run oil wells, and people on the ground can get shot up, kidnapped, etc. by angry natives.
- Armies, navies (to a fair degree) and air forces still run on petroleum. The "just around the corner" nuclear powered aircraft of the 1950s is wayyy around the corner. Three-quarters or more of gasoline in a mechanized unit in Iraq is used to move -- gasoline to the actual mechanized vehicles.
In other words, we're highest up the hillside, so we've got the farthest to fall.In real life, Curtis LeMay was a person who was based on another person - a clone if you will. The real thing was Sir Arthur 'Bomber' Harris.
Ahmadinejad, keep talking pal - Hell Awaits.
You got that exactly right. Just watched "Dr. Strangelove" again, for about the twenty-second time, last night. In huge letters the claim is made that none of the characters represent anybody living or dead. Yeah, right.
Now, what about the mad scientist in the wheel chair? Somebody said he was supposed to be Herman Kahn, but that is nonsense, because the guy with the circular slide rule is clearly a Nazi, and Kahn (loved that guy!) was Jewish. So who is he?
Did you catch the name of our President? Merkin Muffley. You know what a merkin is? Holy Smokes, that film is so funny and has so many inside jokes.
Also I have heard that somebody was the prototype for Colonel Bat Guano, but the stories are unconvincing.
Where is Peter Sellers, now that we need?
Oh, and how Bomber Harris would like to have a go at Iran . . . . He'd have them back to the dark ages in a week.
Oh oh.
Are we the old farts remeniscing (sp?) about the good old days? Say it ain't so.
Then again they don't make movies with embedded wit in them like Dr. Strangelove/Peter Sellers anymore. It's part of the dumbing down of America. Instead we get Harrison Ford single handedly (at age 55?) fighting off a bunch of buff hoodlums while in his zoot suit and winning the Firewall fight. Now that is some deep blues.
Old movies are bettter.
Take a look at "A Day at the Races" for wit and a concealed (scathing) criticism of wealth concentration and racism.
Watch "You Can't Take it With You" for an explicit rejection of materialism, hilariously effective criticism of the F.B.I.,and get this: Our Hero opts out of banking to go back to graduate school and learn how to do what? To get the solar energy out of grass. Date? 1936, though I could be off by a year.
Maybe audiences are getting dumber, and that is why we are getting dumber movies.
Why watch new movies? Except that "Match Point" is great as social criticism and "Syrianna" gives some hint of how things go in Saudi Arabia.
"China Oil News reported last week that the government plans to spend US$15 billion to build plants that annually manufacture 16 million tons of oil products from coal in the next five to 10 years."
That is about 5% of their 2006 oil consumption.
Since, according to china.org they are building 144 new power stations with a capacity of 160GW this year alone, most of them coal powered and their car production rose to 5.7 million vehicles this year not including 1 million very crude inefficient and dirty single-cylinder diesel agricultural vehicles and is set to rise further, it follows that even with heroic efforts by the rest of the world there is zero chance of stopping a massive rise in carbon dioxide production and only Sweden so far seems ready to put in such heroic effort.
If conventional oil has peaked and is about to drop sharply, as Deffeyes suggests, I suspect that before 2025 the environmental effects of even dirtier alternatives like coal to oil, tar sands, and oil shale will be so bad that further expansion of their use will have to be halted and we will have a catastrophe on our hands.
Only Stuart's slow squeeze with perhaps a couple of more years before peak gives us hope of introducing massive cuts to energy usage by us energy hogs in ways that leave us some form of reasonable life style while allowing poorer countries to develop sufficiently to prevent resentment growing so that the present guerrilla warfare against us that is draining trillions of dollars grows beyond all hope of countering and beyond our ability to finance such countermeasures.
Even this course will require some use of dirtier technologies and allowing nuclear technology to spread widely to places we would ideally prefer not to have it as well as all the alternative energy production we can install.
The political reality is that even with the best efforts of the peak oil and environmental communities it will take several more years and even more obvious problems before a political party with a program of massive cutbacks will be electable in many of the countries that need to do so. If so many people can still be persuaded there is no problem, it will be a long time before people stop believing those that tell them that there is a problem but is has a solution that allows them to carry on more or less as they have been.
I am rapidly coming to the conclusion that there are no good outcomes and that it is not even certain we have a choice between bad and catastrophic. When I first became aware of the peak oil problem I thought of it a short to medium term problem that could be tackled before the slightly longer term climate change problems.
However as the environmental evidence has come in and the size of the global economic changes has become clear and the scale of the enmity against the West by so much of the world has grown I have seen these problems conflate to a single nightmare. We can but work in the hope that there is a merely bad solution.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olduvai_theory
The Olduvai theory states that the industrial civilization will have a lifetime of less than or equal to 100 years.
We got 5 fingers (nails? claws?) on each hand.
And that makes 100 a "magic" number?
Oh OK.
That makes me a believer that the number has scientific foundation.
BTW, crude may go below the magic $6"0" number today. At that moment, Wall Street will celebrate. Clearly they are rational thinkers.
I forgot to look down and see how many claws we lemmings have on each paw. Maybe we are not base 10 counters.
In my book, there are 10 kinds of people ....
those who count in binary and those who don't.
But then $60 oil might be $50 oil, an' that ain't gonna happen. I've always thought the number of testicles was a more rational basis for a numerical system.
Stocks probably went exuberant today because US consumers spent more of the money they don't really have on more trinkets made elsewhere in January than expected. Powerful magic, this BLS seasonality. I hope the Chinese are building paper fired power stations to burn all them $.
One eye opener for me was the notion that energy use per capita has already peaked many years ago, as population has been rising faster than energy availability.
he discusses a gradual "slide" after peak followed by a "trigger event" that would bring on a more rapid crash.
He suggests that the "trigger event" could involve the failure of the grid after which the crash will be rapid and irreversible.
Possible trigger events are easy to imagine these days.
Read the whole thing at "dieoff"
-Matt
If it was indeed many years ago, I would suspect the cause was efficiency rather than supply constraints. Oil was near $10 per barrel in 1999.
1) Electrifing US frieght railroads and encouraging greater capital expenditures on improving freight service. Better rail service (restoring double tracking, eliminated in recent decades, better signal systems, etc.) would take much of the modal share for long distance trucking onto the rails (1/8 the diesel fuel consumption/ton-mile due to lower rolling resistance). Long distance trucks and railroads use ~2.5 million b/day of diesel today, and the vast majority of that demand could be easily eliminated by a modal shift to electric railroads.
The total energy demand in BTUs or joules would be substantially reduced for the same # of ton-miles by shifting trucks > rails and the shift from diesel locos > electric locomotives.
(Note: Russia electrified the Trans-Siberian RR in 2002 and electrified to the Artic Ocean port of Murmansk in November 2005 so there are no technical obstacles in the US).
2) Building out large amounts Urban Rail plans currently planned and then more beyond that. Quite possibly an extra 1 million b/day saved in a decade.
2b) Installing electric trolley buses to replace diesel/NG buses on heavy routes that are not switched to rail.
For example, we have a local casino that changing its building plans because the cost of energy is going up affect the building costs. The same thing will happen with every project coming down the pipe from now on out..
Last November, the people of New York passed a transportation bond act. Basically, it allows the state to borrow money for transportation infrastructure. I heard last week that the DOT isn't getting as much money as expected, though. Why? They're using some of the money for debt service - to pay off previous borrowing. Sounds like using one credit card to pay off another to me.
A realistic estimate is that it would take 1/15th as much total energy to shift freight from 18 wheel trucks to electrified rail (even with some local trucking from modal transfer point to final destination).
Likewise the energy saved by moving from 1.1 people/car (or SUV) with US average fleet economy to electric rail mass transit is somewhere near 50:1.
I am NOT a rabid supporter of electrifing every ones personal rubber tired car. The lack of energy savings could create resource issues.
Both steps are QUITE doable and affordable (we are only spending a couple billion/year on new rail system in the US. Up that to $25 billion/year and MASSIVE changes would happen). $25 billion by removing farm subsidies, reducing the NASA budget and/or your program of choice.
The biggest constraint might be copper. But replacing coaxial cable and phone lines with fiber optic might recycle enough to make up any production shortfall (and melting pre1982 pennies).
The problem is that you're talking about changing a liquid fuels-based transportation system into an electric transportation system. Where does the electricity for that come from if not from building more electric power plants? You can't just feed petroleum into fuel cells spaced out along the rail lines (at least, not yet, and expect to pay a major fortune if you do.) Anyone around here built a new coal or nuclear powerplant recently? It takes a while.
A more reasonable change, which will almost certainly happen, is a switch to diesel rail and standard rubber-wheeled transit first. This gets you much of the energy efficiency gains of electric transit and rail, but much faster. Then over a longer period, switching to electric rail and transit becomes more feasible. Assuming you have the money and political will to do it, of course.
I would expect in ten years to still have politicians saying that any switch to mass transit is a compromise of "American Values" and we should just go take oil from those criminals who won't give it to us cheaply any more. It will be kind of hard to muster the funding to build this new rail network when we're paying for yet another oil war.
A real world example. I engineered the conversation of the HVAC & lighting system (plus some other conservation measures) of a 1960s 5 story office building and cut overall electricity consumption by 64% at 2714 Canal Street. At the 3000 block of Canal are the DC rectifiers for the Canal Streetcar Line. My savings equaled roughly a fourth of the requirements to operate this streetcar line, which transported almost 30,000 people per day. Capital cost about $450,000 for the savings. $150 million for the 5 mile streetcar line. (I am working actively to reduce that cost # with some innovative institutional approaches).
So I see hand wringing about "we can't build the power plants" to replace 18 wheelers, diesel locos & SOV SUVs as unrealisticly pessimistic.
If you ask me if we have enough to electrify everyone's personal rubber tired vehicle, then I can see a potential problem beacsue that will require a couple dozen (SWAG) times as much electricity as what I propose.
On other issues
The future economic developments are unknowable ATM.
In the near term future, one could induce railroads to electrify for zero $ appropriated. Just pass a law that a railroad engaged in interstate commerce that electrifies will not have to pay property taxes.
And repeal ALL of the highway earmarks in the most recent 6 year highway appropiations bill and devote those funds to Urban Rail.
Doable ?
With modest changes in the political climate, yes.
Hyperinflation never lasts forever. If, per chance, we do have hyperinflation, this screws up capital expenditures (and dramatically reduces economic activity/oil consumption). Once currency reform is in place, capital projects can restart.
My favorite story from this era of the old retired lady who withdrew her life savings from the bank--about enough to buy a small potato--and put the forty pounds or so of currency into a big laundry basket to carry it to market. She was tired, old, cold, and maybe hadn't been eating much lately, so she sat down to rest on a park bench. A robber dashed up, grabbed the basket, shook out the worthless trillions of marks and ran off with the big and useful laundry basket.
Moral: We live in interesting times, and what has happened before can happen before, but with variations.
One very interesting and brief account of a hyperinflation is to be found in the excellent "Bridge to the Sun" by Terasaki, in which an American woman married to a Japanese diplomat and trapped in Japan for the duration of the war gives a vivid description of what happened when the yen went to zero after Japan was defeated.
There are a whole bunch of other accounts of hyperinflations, usually buried in memoirs or autobiographies--all very enlightening. To the best of my knowledge, nobody has done a systematic comparative analysis of hyperinflations--maybe because the topic is too broad for a Ph.D. thesis.
Hyperinflation in modern times is going to be very fast. We have lots of immigrants who have personally gone through one in their home countries. They will tell their neighbors about what to do and how to do it, so I expect that the US hyperinflation will last about three days.
Then we will go to some kind of commodity dollar system built around our credit and debit cards. Not as credit, but as money. Interest rates will go up considerably during the infrastructure, primary, and secondary production buildups due to lack of imported capital.
(Clearly, when the SHTF, pennies will be a source of metal for our new bronze age.)
BTW, Robert Heinlein in "Rocket Ship Galieleo" used zinc as reaction mass in the atomic rocket. Zinc is also nice for carbon-zinc dry cells and a whole bunch of other things.
A big brick of pennies will cost you $25 at the bank.
Note that people with guns will torture and kill members of your family to find out from you where you have hidden your gold, but I think this risk is lower with pennies (especially if you tell nobody that you have them).
US mint fun facts:
US diesel + gasoline consumption ~ 12 mln.bpd ~ 7446 TWh/an.
Electrical transportation is 6 times more efficient than oil driven (~90% vs ~15%), so we are going to need:
7446 / 6 = 1241 TWh
Currently USA is producing 3893 TWh/an, so we will need to produce just 32% more to electrify our whole ground transportation. Doable IMO.
However, you neglect the additional effiencies of rail vs. rubber tire (very roughly 8:1) and mass transit vs. single occupancy vehicles (varies significantly from case to case but a good multiple).
To do what I propose would take far less than 1241 TWh, probably less than 100 TWh. Of course I would still have farm tractors, plumber's service trucks, etc. still burning oil.
I might be dreaming too much but with a little more research and effort we may be able to totally electrify our transportation with something like this. My point is that if we are going to build additional infrastructure we'd better do it now when energy is still abundant, and it would be best if we could take the shortcut to totally abandon oil-powered transportation (while we still have that option).
On the other hand you have a point too :) Which one is better is a debatable question.
I guess some of the gas electric plants can be converted to coal...
Shouldn't it be reflective metal instead of dispersive white?
Cogeneration power uses fuel that would be used anyway for industrial or commercial purposes so they are "infinitely efficient". WInd and hydro are what efficiency ?
Electric rail generates electricity when braking. A power savings of about 30% for the Canal Streetcar Line (10% to 20% more typical elsewhere).
The 1241 TWh # is seriously flawed as I explained (substitute one subway train of 8 cars on rails for 1,000 cars & SUVs on rubber tires or substitute one electric freight train for 300 18 wheelers).
I think a less than complete substitution of electric for oil based transportation (just the easiest third to half perhaps) for something less than 100 TWh.
...or if everyone stopped using air conditioning, switched off unused lighting and stopped watching TV.
It's the socioeconomic ramifications that are worrisome. Electric trains are fine for people who live in the city, or along commuter lines. That still leaves all the people who live in new suburban McMansions screwed. Not to mention all the people in rural America.
A nation-wide network of high-speed light rail + publicly owned and accessible electic cars. You drive to the nearest station or take an e-car from the nearest e-car depot, there you take the train that will bring you through the long distance part of your trip. At your destination stop you take another e-car with which you go whereever you want. Small, low-cost e-cars using lead-acid batteries can be easily mass produced currently. Their range would be 20-30 miles, meaning that anybody living within 20 miles of a train station would have access to the network, which for all practical puroposes would mean for everyone.
Another option that would solve the problem with carrying groceries/luggage would be to load the e-cars on the rail platforms, but I suspect this would be much more technically challenging to achieve (and would require much more rail capacity).
Now, recognizing that most Americans are unlike you and I (I bike to work all year long, and just plunked down $100 for bus tokens last week), most Americans have zero interest in conservation or public transit. Further, large numbers (is it a majority yet?) live in suburbs and rural areas where they would have to walk a good distance to the nearest arterial street. They will eventually all be asking for electric transit service, but eventually will take a while, and then there's the little bit about $5 trillion to pay for it when the country's in a severe recession.
Do you see a problem with scale and time yet? Do you see why Congressman Bartlett is calling for a project on the scale of the Apollo program?
As far as powerplants, we could burn busted-up shale. What you do is bust it up, then pre-heat it using the plant's "car exhaust" then burn it. Dirty? Yep. But better dirty than dark. Estonia burns shale in powerplants already. They did it since the USSR regime and still do it. So, if we need powerplants for e-transit, here is one solution. Of course, the waste rock (which takes more volume than the shale) has to be disposed of. I guess greenies have to make a rough choice: dirty or dark. BTW, you could burn natural tar sand the same basic way, minimising energy use for refining.
Paving will be needed for a very long time.
Burning asphalt wastes an almost ready to use paving material.
When I see paved streets being renovated it is done by a pass with a large milling(?) machine to flatten any uneven parts and avoid a buildup of asphalt around manholes or gutters. Then a large propane fired IR heater to soften the old surface, then an asphalt laying machine and a roller.
I know the milled(?) asphalt is being trucked back to an asphalt plant where it is heated and if needed complemented with new bitumen or gravel. One problem with this reuse is that old coal tar asphalt is classed as hazardous waste and not allowed to be reused.
My goal is a dramatic drop in urban oil use, but not a complete conversion. Also, I am anticipating a shift in living and working patterns towards a rail-centric pattern (with a bicycle centric pattern as well). Build a "skeleton" of rail and development will start clustering around it. This is evident already in some US cities.
I have worked out a detailed plan for New Orleans (preKatrina) that involved 35 miles of streetcar lines with both "local" service and limited "express" service. In addition, about 25 miles of trolley bus lines (not including adding trolley buses on the interstates at some point) and this combination would put over 3/4 of the population within 1/4 mile of an electric mass transit stop. The remaining 1/4 or 1/5 could be served by small "jitney" buses working as collectors and some express buses. A comphrensive bikeway system would be intergrated with this streetcar plan as a modal alternative.
I have also been working with Public Works on some innovative ways to reduce costs and I am confident that we could get costs down by half/mile or a bit more. Oddly, our goals for costs come close to EU & Australian norms for costs.
Give me a billion dollars and you will see a transformed New Orleans. I am part of an emerging consensus on that goal (see the Mayor's "Bring New Orleans Back" commission).
I cannot say that we quite "Get It" here, but, amidst the devastation we are groping in that direction.
Yesterday was an exceptional day. In a cold, gutted house w/o power (and on site walks) I worked with a MidCity group for most of the day on what do with Tulane Avenue and Galvez Street. What we roughed out was a single track 2 mile streetcar loop that would branch off of Canal on Galvez, then go into the Medical Center on Perdido, branch to the SuperDome, the office towers on Poydras, City Hall on Loyola and back to Canal. A second clockwise loop up Gravier would be "later" unless the money fairy is quite generous.
Galvez would go from 2 traffic lanes on each side to one lane, creating a ~80' wide grassy neutral ground with grass running streetcars on the edges and roughly 50' in the center for bikeways, jogging, playgrounds, landscaping, weekend fairs, etc.
My first guess as to cost would be ~$30 to 35 million.
That leaves nuclear and the increasingly dirty coal pickings. (Remember, that 250 years of estimated coal supply is coal being used for non-gasification purposes only.)
The US has 1.2 TW in class 3+ territory on land, and another 0.9 TW on the continental shelves. Average US consumption is about 0.45 TW.
Oh, I see where you get your 0.45 TW from; 3,892,000,000,000 kWh in 2003 divided by 365 days * 24 hours. (kWh number for 2003 from our friends at the CIA). In the UK (until recently) we had 50% capacity spare to cope with peak loads; if the US is the same then you might have 0.9 TW total generating capacity. But your point is well taken - we have no shortage of energy!
I'm an engineer; I take unit analysis very seriously. I just don't see a reason to quote some ginormous figure in billions of kWh/year when it's far easier for people to relate "450 GW = 450 big powerplants", the numbers are accurate and the units consistent.
Street building. I'm not an energy expert by any means,
but the more I become aware of the PO problem and the
more I look around my home, workplace and town, the more
I see easy ways of becoming energy efficient while not
giving up modern amenities - just changing the way we
obtain them. Energy efficiency is a guerilla war that's
going to be won building by building, town by town, city
by city. It's not going to be a grand D-Day-like operation.
Last week, I wired up a programmable thermostat. Don't know
yet how much I'm saving in NG because the bill has yet to
come in.
Also seal leaks in air handling ducts exposed to outside or attic air. $8 duct tape covered with mastic goo over clean surface.
So many more...
New wind turbines can be installed (into an existing site) in as little as 12 months from order to commercial operation.
Admitly, grid changes need to be made when % wind power exceeds a certain value, but we are no where near that % in the US.
Much of the electrification that I propose could be operated off of short term wind projects and new landfill gas plants.
New coal power plants (I checked, in 2004 94.5% of new power plants were natural gas or dual power, 2% renewable by MW installed) are "on the drawing boards" and perhaps six years away from commerical operation.
I live right next to the double track Union Pacific freight lines in Central Iowa. A mile + long train goes by every 20 minutes, usually in both directions, 24 hours a day. There is no spare capacity on those tracks.
In this state they were still tearing up local track, that used to run to grain elevators, as late as November 2005. Where the steel from the rails has gone I haven't a clue. Some of the road bed is still there some is now under houses, never to return. Somebody convinced farmers that it is more efficient (they make more money) to ship grain by truck than by rail in the 1980's & 1990's.
I agree that moving freight by rail, even diesel, is what we should be doing. The problem now is that there is no track going to most places in the country. And I mean country as in not city or town both in Iowa and the rest of the U.S. You have to use interstates because that is the only option. Putting in new track now is not going to happen when energy and resources are scarce.
We in the U.S. have all been fools in our long term planning on how to use energy wisely. We were not even smart enough to moth ball our rail lines for future use. We had to tear them up in the name of progress. We are about to find out what happens when you make bad decisions as a group.
At the same time this brilliant idea of tearing up tracks offended reason (not that I was about to tell my bosses that). Illinois Central is the storied main rail link between New Orleans and Chicago. How stupid could we be!?
The public reason is that you can sell the used rail to the Chinese.
The real reason is that after your train derails on the one remaining track (because you can't shut it down for maintenance because it's always busy) you can reroute the trains around your other track over a much longer distance and charge more money during the time it takes you to fix the shorter route.
Much of the rail lines serving wheat farmers were taken out in the late 1970s and 80s.
It may be much cheaper to go mixed-mode with something like the Blade Runner; just electrify the track with overhead power and you're most of the way there.
Consider this:
Business controls government in America at every level.
The cost of long term infrastucture development is externalised to government.
Business needs more fuel to continue economic growth.
More fuel from oil is no longer possible.
Taxpayers pay for new fuel source development which corporations build under contract and make gauranteed profits.
Stone age never comes back.
When the DJIA crashes down below 1,000, then I put out fresh punji sticks in the trench that surrounds my fortress and string out the concertina barbed wire.
All the big legacy airlines are in or have been through bankruptcy. GM almost certainly will be bankrupt within months, . . . is anybody noticing?
By electrifying freight transport, building urban light rail and doubling car mileage we could cut it by half and even become self sufficient on oil in the next couple of decades.
The rest of the world though, is already pretty much optimised on that and would not be able to handle 50% reduction without either adopting some alternatives or experiencing a severe depression. Our situation could also become dire if as a consequence or in preparation of that, they stop crediting our "ever expanding" economy. This would make building the necessary infrastructure simply impossible, we'll have lots of other problems that would be given higher priority.
Its about using oil efficiently giving the ability to outbid those who do not have efficient economies.
Those who has more energy efficient infrastructure can outbid you if you screw up your economy.
That others no longer have the easy savings left to do do not mean that you will have an easy time...
http://www.environmental-expert.com/resulteachpressrelease.asp?codi=5398
About the rails...timing is everything, isn't it? I would guess that the electrification of most of our freight transport would occur when the governmental is able to pry the trucking industry's warm, decomposing fingers from their steering wheels... Hopefully we will be able to transition smoothly with respect to energy...now what about unemployment?
"Rubber-wheeled cars" - another buzzword for our lexicon?
Obviously the next direction the lemmings will take will be coal. Probably the next decade we'll see lots of new smokers worldwide sending the price of coal to the skies along with any dreams about stopping Global Warming.
It will not be until after coal gets to 100$/ton and coal production bottlenecks start taking their toll until somebody out there "gets it" that our only abundunt energy source left is nuclear. Unfotunately it is up to our impotent goverments to take this decision so we'll probably have a hard time until then.
Great Lakes Hydro (traded on Toronto as GLH-UN and thinly on pink sheets for US version GLHIF) is a quality stock that has fixed price contracts that expire in 14 to 20 years.
Algonquin (APF-UN on Toronto, AGQNF on US pink sheets) is more "cats & dogs" but nice core and I got yield of 8.99%.
All in dividend reinvestment.
Are two that I "have enough" of.
WARNING: Do not buy "pink sheets" without knowledge or experience. Buying on Toronto is safer but higher commissions.
FLA is my main railroad because they MAY sell in X years part of their southern ROW for commuter rail at a priuce that is a good % of their valuation (and still run freight over tracks that they no longer own or have to maintain). Too much Florida real estate exposure, I may buy more if real estate crashes BUT their portfolio is as solid as any that I have seen.
Norfolk Southern is other "good" US railroad with excellent management. My bet is on good management in troubled times.
More rail during next recession.
Some US based exporters (if they can sell abroad today, what about during US $ collapse ?) and some country specific closed end mutual funds that sell at a steep discount. SWZ is one.
And a month's worth of canned goods (disappeared during Katrina :-)
When local congressman Geist, a Republican, but a decent guy, tried to hold N-S to their word, he suddenly found he had a well-funded opponent for the first time in over a decade. Word was the Republicans were funding his Democratic opponent to teach him a lesson.
Is that "excellent management?"
Unfortunately, railroads have lost the rights-of-way that they would need to do what you postulate, and I don't see any way to replace the severed links through cities and add the required spurs. What you could do is make trucks that can become electrified trains on rails.
Rail saves labor as well as energy over 18 wheelers.
If you can get rid of the need to burn petroleum to run the trucks but keep the scheduling advantages, the improvements would be huge.
I find his pessimism startling. Even Kunstler doesn't think we'll be back to the Stone Age by 2025. This is especially unexpected because Deffeyes seemed pretty optimistic about the post-carbon age in his books.
I'd love to know why he's suddenly such a doomer. Has he always felt this way, but kept it to himself? Was he disappointed that the Katrina crunch didn't create any lasting changes? Did he run the numbers for alternate energy and the new infrastructure it would require, and realize it's an impossible dream? Or is he now convinced that the battle for the last of the oil will be fought with bullets, not dollars?
I'm also surprised that he's so definitively calling the peak. What the heck ever happened to peak oil being a "rear view mirror event" that we won't be able to identify with certainty until a year or so after the fact? This doesn't remotely sound like something a scientist would say.
I have a LOT of respect for Deffeyes, but this kind of public pronouncement and staggering pessimism does no one any good and only hurts the efforts by the rest of us to educate the public.
I actually think there is consensus right now that we have peaked on cheap, light, and sweet oil supplies. If you think about it, even the most "non-peak" people you can find are really endorsing that ... as they beat a track to Canada and tar sands.
A huge portion of the US energy supply comes from those cheap, light, and sweet oil supplies ... and so sure, if no one is seriously talking conservation and adjustment that way, why not make a grumpy "last call" to wake them up.
(Maybe "last call" and "addiction" kind of go hand-in-hand)
As for calling the peak...I don't know how serious he was about that. Though I do think he has a lot of faith in Hubbert's method, and Hubbert's method isn't much affected by new discoveries. Hence the U.S. peak was in 1970, as predicted, despite the huge Prudhoe Bay reserves which Hubbert did not consider. Deffeyes argues, convincingly IMO, that because production is so high right now, it will be very difficult for new finds to make a real difference. We cannot replace all the existing, declining fields with new finds.
And he thinks Ghawar is going down fast:
Back to the stone age? Hmmm, that's a severe level 6 collapse on my scale, I currently give a probability of 5% to collapse below level 4. Highly unlikely and presumes massive stupidity by humans and probably a 95% to 99% die-off. Level 7 collapse is all humans gone and not far from his prognosis.
Personally I think Deffeyes apocalyptic prediction is about as unreal as the cornucopian one that peak oil will happen never or after 2050. Since there is a surfeit of the cornucopians there is room for a few more apocalyptians to balance the scales of prognosis.
Reno and Leanan make an important point: we have waited far too long to invest in the infrastructure that would help mitigate the effects of peak oil. We will be somewhat resource and time limited if / when we attempt to make such investment in future.
Personally I think that modern life is so much dependant on industrialisation now, that if we experience whatever level of collapse that brings it to a halt we are going to begin falling down faster than we can count the levels. I don't see it looking like a stone age, but more like a New Orleans with the size of USA. I have that gut feeling that there could be a point of time that we'll sorely regret about selling weapons freely in this country.
http://theslide.blogspot.com/2006/01/levels-of-collapse-warning-may-be.html
Nine levels ranging from a bit worse than the 1930s depression to back to unicellular life.
Seriously I like the idea of systemising the various scenarios but if you accept some criticism I think these are too catastrophic and levels 3-4 (maybe even 2) are almost as good as levels 5-9. First I don't envision a way we can naturally decline more than 5% for the period; there would have to be WWIII or large scale civil wars for this thing to happen. If it comes to wars with the presence of nuclear weapons around, I see it mostly as a 0-1 dilemma: either we have some form of a civilisation in 30 years or we have millions of people scavenging in its remaints.
There is also level 0 in which we for example start to syntesize methanol from coal or C02 from the air, using nuclear or renewable energy. Quite possible, don't you think? Assuming breeder reactors there is uranium for 500 years of world energy consumtion, and this at the current (quite wasteful) levels. Not to mention the renewables potential if we find better ways to harness it.
I tend to think that various parts of the world will experience scenarious in the range of 0-1. At and below 2, things will most certainly fall apart in an uncontrollable chain reaction, leaving us in the stone age by the end of the century. That's why I suggest we concentrate on the various sub-scenarious of these and try to work for those that do not lead to the catastrophic ones :)
The scale is inevitably anthropomorphic, after all we're most interested in human situations. If anything I think the difference between the first 4 levels is a bit narrow. Remember, it's about levels of collapse: a recession, moderate depression or even quite large disruption does not constitute collapse in this context, so consider level 0 as a non-collapse state.
For developed countries disruption of electricity supply for a week or more could well directly result in a significant number of deaths, there could be more due to indirect effects such as lawlessness. Less developed countries (or developed countries as they were less than a century ago) could shrug off a level 1 collapse without too much bother.
I think that the majority of countries would continue to function through a level 2 collapse but probably not through a level 3 collapse. Currently I expect a level 2 collapse within 10 years ( > 50% probability). Collapse to stone age levels (a deep level 6) is highly unlikely, there would be plenty of opportunities to stop well shorty of that unless something like widespread nuclear exchanges happened.
If peak oil happens within 5 years or so and the decline rate is 3% or more there is zero chance we can mitigate in time to avoid significant forced change and disruption using any known mix of solutions. It then becomes a question of whether we respond rationally, cooperatively, fairly and effectively. History does not suggest optimism on that.
I live in UK and would like to quote the example of my grandparents who did not use any oil. They lived by subsistance farming and outings / holidays once or so a year were by coal powered trains. Water used to be drawn from a hand-pumped well and the toilets were outside dry closets. To my knowledge, however, they were never cold nor hungry and life was not unhappy despite the hardship v today's much more lavish lifestyles. In no way would I descibe such a lifestyle as 'Stone Age' and yet it was totally different to what prevails today.
I think the real danger here is not the actual standard of living (which while lower will be very reasonable v many undeveloped nations for decades to come) but how individuals, businesses and Gov'ts will react to the (permanent) end of 'business as usual'. The necessary powerdown may well be anything but organised.
THE ROAD TO WIGAN PIER marked George Orwell (i.e. Eric Blair's, not the one on this site, the real one) decisive break with mainstream British socialism. The Left Book Club reluctantly published it, then tried to bury it. The "we the clever ones will take over and show the masses how wonderful it is to as the Soviet Union does" and the old fabians hated that book with a passion.
It is so damn good. Everybody should read it. Also, read everything else Orwell wrote. There is not a journalist writing today worthy to pick up his cigarette butts.
Consider that Cuba lost almost all their oil in a matter of months and they barely reached level 2.
However, a country's internal politics makes a huge difference. North Korea had the similar oil issues to Cuba, but they reached somewhere around level 3 or 4.
So how the various governments react will make a huge difference.
Given a fairly level-headed, sensible government (are there any?), I would expect nothing worse than level 1.
North Korea's government bears some blame for the famine, because they did not admit they were in trouble, and did not ask for international aid until it was really bad. However, they also had some really bad luck. A tsunami ruined some of their best farmland.
In any case, I don't think Cuba is a reasonable example of what peak oil will be like.
- Corn-to-ethanol (a billion or so bushels/year)
- Most beef cattle feedlots
Cutting the ethanol program alone frees up several bushels/person/year, enough to make all the cornflakes, cornbread and hush puppies you can eat. I'm not sure how much soy go into cattle feed, but I would not be surprised if it could make 90% of America heartily sick of tofu. Slaughtering the grain-fed beef herds will make for one huge sale on steak (rangeland will still produce grass-fed beef), and you can move from beef at 8:1 grain to product to chicken at 2:1; this gets the same amount of protein for 1/4 the grain.In the good old days, whenever we would stop in Wyoming or the Dakotas we could get these magnificent huge grass-fed beefsteaks; they would cover an entire large plate and were thick, for maybe $1.25 (including potato and veggie). The steak must have weighed nearly two pounds and was not as tender as corn fed, but oh me or my, the flavor. . . .
Now if you want grass-fed beef, either raise it yourself or pay through the nose to get it. There are a few, a very few American ranchers who raise beef the old fashioned way, but you can find it at some premium markets. Chuck steak, maybe $12 a pound. Maybe more.
Though I'm sure if I were hungry enough, I'd eat it.
Essentially, it means "there's no accounting for taste".
And I would have to agree. Grain-fed beef is for people who cannot stomach the true taste of beef. It is a sanitised version of beef that has had the 'natural' taste removed.
It's a bit like the difference between 'barn-raised' (today's nice term for battery-production) chicken eggs and true free-range. We have chickens in our back yard, and I could not believe how yellow the yolks were when we used the first ones. Now, I can't believe how pale even the commercial 'free-range' eggs are when we have to buy extra.
I would say that the extra taste is most likely attributed to additional nutrients that are missing from grain-fed beef. Just think about how unhealthy we would be if we just ate nothing but grains without fresh fruit and vegetables.
Financial disasters can be as effective as nuclear weapons, with a teaser being buildings still standing like Enron. That was a financial disaster like a 9/11. With the National Debt looming like a Soviet first strike at any time, all bets are off. We know how plant closings can effectively nuke a town. Look at Detroit as a financially nuked city. It's almost like Bladerunner now. Intentionally filing of a Chapter 11 constitutes a Weapon of Mass Foreclosure. I thought of this years ago, where if I got fired from the postal service, I'd deliberately write an expose' book, and cause privatisation. With 800,000 workers getting wages slashed, you'd get mass foreclosure, hence "WMF". Who needs plutonium?
But before that, he does a post-Global Warming stint in "Water World" as the gilled savior of child-kind (and maybe mankind).
Roughly forty years ago in an issue of "Co-Evolution Quarterly" the late great Herman Kahn pointed out that there are "cosmopolitans" and "locals," two different kinds of people in the U.S. I have taught about 9,000 students over 31 years in a small town in northern Minnesota. All, or almost all, of the males owned three guns (or more): A .22 rifle for plinking, a deer rifle, and a shotgun. Many of the women also owned guns and hunted. You metro types do not get it. Bambi is for eating. We (unlike Dick Cheney) do not point guns at people. We are taught to respect guns as tools.
Who kills with guns? Mostly people who have had no training whatsoever with them. Look, in my ROTC regiment I was #2 with rifle--big deal. Anybody can shoot a rifle.
BTW I know real genuine cowboys who carry six-gun revolvers. Do you know why? Because sometimes a cow will break her leg, and you have to end the suffering. That is by far the #1 reason cowboys carry six-guns, movies to the contrary notwithstanding.
subs were prowling the Arctic. http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1153513,00.html]
Now the Pentagon tells Bush: climate change will destroy us
· Secret report warns of rioting and nuclear war
· Britain will be 'Siberian' in less than 20 years
· Threat to the world is greater than terrorism
Mark Townsend and Paul Harris in New York
Sunday February 22, 2004
They've also known since 1982 that Ghawar would peak today. Google Frank Church Classified Report
Simmons.
And then this:
This number is not a familiar one even among climate researchers, and is not readily available. For example, when we put the question to a very senior climate scientist, he said: "I would think it's definitely over 400 - probably about 420." So we asked one of the world's leading experts on the effects of greenhouse gases on climate, Professor Keith Shine, head of the meteorology department at the University of Reading, to calculate it precisely. Using the latest available figures (for 2004), his calculations show the equivalent concentration of C02, taking in the effects of methane and nitrous oxide at 2004 levels, is now 425ppm. This is made up of CO2 itself, at 379ppm; the global warming effect of the methane in the atmosphere, equivalent to another 40ppm of CO2; and the effect of nitrous oxide, equivalent to another 6ppm of CO2.
The tipping point warned about last week by the Government is already behind us.
PeakOil, Climate Change, and Exponential population
Growth.
These will all come together next month in the Atack on Iran. As January 31, 2003, was the date(Downing St Memos) for issuing Battle Orders to Invade Iraq, you
can be sure the Battle Orders have already been issued for the F18's North of Ben Gurion and the B2's in Kansas City to attack Iran.
We've got a month. Think of March 1861. And July 1914.
And August 1939, because that's where we are today.
James
storm periods.
Barbara Tuchman in The Guns of August, lays it all
out.
And then Kunstler mentions 1861
When the public finally discovers how they have been let down or played by these leaders, there will be a convulsion more severe than the one that tore this country apart in 1861.
And then our "Leader" shoots a man and tries to cover
it up. What will he do in a Crisis? Have a heart attack
probably.
We're about to witness the greatest event in our lives.
James
I thought he was trying to educate his lawyer friend on the use of pellets and on conservation of energy.
In this context, 2% is a real pittance. We would need much more than that to make a dent. Also, consider 2025 is less than 20 years away, and 20 years is the timeframe that Hirsch said would be needed to completely deal with oil peaking.
Finally, look at the current world financial situation. Mainstream economists like Stephen Roach at Morgan Stanley have been saying for some time that the US trade deficit isn't sustainable. Consider the conclusion of his statement today.
Twenty years of a liquid fuels deficit for a nation addicted to the stuff. One of the largest trade deficits in world history. Our worst savings rate since the great depression. Not to mention a current war in Iraq and war drums beating for Iran.
If we don't make near perfect choices soon, it will certainly feel like the stone age in the US in 2025.
It looks like we're on track to hit 2% regardless. If we quadruple installations, we'd hit 8%. Then there are the 25 kWe solar Stirling dishes; quite a few megawatts of those are going into the California desert, and a concerted effort to put those in a belt from Austin to Los Angeles could probably absorb 100,000 a year or more. 2.5 GW(peak)/year * 0.30 capacity factor * 10 years = 7.5 GW average.
"The least-bad scenario is a hard landing, global recession worse than the 1930s," says Kenneth Deffeyes, a Princeton University professor emeritus of geosciences. "The worst-case borrows from the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: war, famine, pestilence and death."
USA Today, 10/16/2005
http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/2005-10-16-oil-1a-cover-usat_x.htm
Seems like most of the world should be considering a "CEPO" treaty, where all countries are given an oil purchase quota that could be ratioed to their inverse average road vehicle mpg/capita... or something. Maybe that would last until things got really bad.
Oh yeah, "you don't have to go home, but you can't stay here."
Personally, I am skeptical of all forecasts, especially those about the future. (Thank you, Yogi Berra.)
Let us, for example, take weather forecasts. Sailors and pilots live and die by the weather, and we always check the weather forecast--and in lots of detail. But does that mean we believe it? Hell no. You die that way. Herewith one specific example. A few months ago I was doing what I do best, teaching a couple of beautiful young co-eds (Actually one was a beautiful post-doc in biophysics from France, but I digress.) how to sail. The forecast is routine, wind eight to ten miles an hour in the afternoon, then coming up to about twelve in the afternoon and dying back a bit toward sundown. Perfectly normal forecast, which I check three times from three different sources, because I'm a real careful guy.
O.K. ten a.m. and there I am out on the lake with my two sailing students and the wind is about eight knots, just like the forecast said. But one of the girls has never reefed the sail, and so I have her do it as the French woman and I trade sailing stories--turns out she has extensive racing experience and has crewed on big yachts in North Sea gales, which turns out to be very important information. Why? Because, apparently out of nowhere comes a line squall, which I notice when we are about 500 yards from the dock, and I calmly tell the girl with three hours of sailing experience to sail us to the dock, as I glance at the French woman and at the approaching weather. She knows what is coming. To shorten a rather exiting story, we made it back to the dock (the only boat on that lake that did so), dropped the sails and huddled for shelter as the squall came through at eleven in the morning with much lightning, a deluge of rain and a helluva wind. The maximum wind gust at the airport (about two miles away) was clocked at seventy-one knots--that is knots, not statute miles per hour. The maximum wind was nowhere near anything in the forecast--but about eight to ten times that amount.
Here is my big point: If we cannot forecast the weather an hour in advance, why should we place much confidence in ANY forecast with regard to climate change?
One of the most intelligent men I've ever known thought the crunch was coming more than fifty years ago, and in 1948 bought an itty bitty little Crosley car and began stockpiling copper tubing.
Rather than obsessing about what the future is going to look like, I would like to see more constructive thinking on how to create a better future. Granted, our powers to do that are limited--perhaps very limited--but it sure beats wasting energy and emotion trying to figure out what "the" future is going to be like.
So how do we convert the power of the squawl into electrical energy?
(BTW sailing in the South Bay local parks was tranquil despite the tempest up there on the Berkeley side. Of course the San Andreas fault protects us from the ocean's temperments down here in Silicon Valley :-)
A resonable question sufficiently frequent that answering it no doubt drives climate modelers nuts. I've read that the atmospheric physics are sufficiently well understood that such a fine level of prediction in space and time is conceptually possible. But, due to the number of initial values and the number of calculations required, doing so is simply not computationally feasible. The following sites are some with information on this question.
Stephen Schneider's Climate Science site - http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Climate/Climate_Science/ClimateScienceProjections.html under "Climate Modeling" about half-way down the page.
Spencer Weart's "The Discovery of Global Warming" -
http://www.aip.org/history/climate/simple.htm#S4
Real Climate blog - Is Climate Modelling Science?
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php?p=100
Climate Models - Roger A. Pielke Sr. Research Group Climate Science blog
http://climatesci.atmos.colostate.edu/category/climate-models/
I would be delighted to find a reputable peer-reviewed source that contradicts my skepticism.
Of course nobody knows what the climate will be like in 50 years. But the point is odds are it will be radically different, and almost certainly worse for humans.
Seriously, stop the nitpicking and accept the fact that scientists are calling it climate change, not global warming. None of the sites you mentioned doubted the consensus view. Its like cigarette smoking. Sure, you can find tobacco funded studies that say there is doubt in the harm, but consesus is that tobacco kills people. I'm sure there are fossil fueled funded studies doubting the validity of climate change theories, but you'd be a fool to base the path of the planet on them.
My history of skepticism goes back a long way. Back in the late sixties and early seventies there was a solid, very solid consensus of all (or nearly all) reputable climatologists that we were going into a new glacial period and that the data of 1940-1968 proved this point beyond all reasonable doubt. I did not believe the analysis of those climatologists then (which was largely based on Milankovitch cycle models) and I question not the integrity and not the good will of climatologists today--but I do question whether they have knowledge of the future or mere opinion.
Because of the nature of climate changes, the mathematics of chaos, the possibility of "butterfly" effects, the unknown contribution of variations in volcanic activity, what do I conclude?
Yes, there is a pretty strong probability, say five to three, in favor of major climate change over the next hundred years. What bothers me is people who claim certain knowledge when clearly the evidence does not support any strong claim to ability to forecast climate changes.
One last joke, because I'm an economist. Why did God create economic forecasters? To make weather forecasters look good by comparison;-)
The great leap came in the general press, where headlines tended to scream things the scientists did not, exactly, say.
I'm sure you can find current examples of that.
Prediction is a tricky business, but it's sad when it is further clouded by urban legends.
Although my mind is not made up, I am tentatively of the opinion that the Internet is an experiment that failed.
Like television.
I personally am very appreciative of the accendent of history that gave us this medium without any single authority of mediation. I was just saying the other day that while it was true that Al Gore didn't "invent" the internet, without his funding bill (at just the right time), it is quite possible that we'd all be on AOL right now. Think about that!
Of course, that is a DUET, Deep Universal Eternal Truth.
However, sometimes crud multiplies and circulates faster than at other times. Couple of hundred years ago if you wanted to write something, you first get a goose quill, sharpen it with a penknife, carefully open an ink well, and then sit down with a relatively expensive sheet of paper in front of you and perhaps a rather expensive candle for light. There is a good chance that you would think before you write.
But now. Holy smokes. People are typing at a hundred words a minute before engaging their minds.
Adam Smith used to go for twenty mile walks to clarify his thinking before he wrote anything down. We could do worse than to follow his example.
We know one thing, that it will be different from the way it is today. Another thing we know is that we've got a boatload of capital tied up in systems that depend on things not changing.
Regardless of direction or magnitude, it's going to be disruptive.
Thank you.
"Regardless of the direction, any appreciable change in the climate will have expensive repercussions."
(I realized I'd walked into that one with my eyes open about 15 seconds after I hit 'Post'. Thanks for calling me on it.)
I'd sail with that French woman into a hurricane; she is small (five feet one inch tall, maybe just under 100 lbs.) but extremely smart and knowledgeable about sailing.
Because I do not make claims to know what the future is like, I find for myself the course of prudence is to live as if TEOTWAWKI comes within the next five years--50% chance. Business pretty much as usual for the next fifty years--50% chance. Neither of these extremes is likely to occur, but by being prepared for both I'll be able to handle anything in between.
By analogy, when I go out in a small sailboat I take a paddle, because there may be no wind. Also, I am mentally prepared to watch for and survive a 100 knot wind, because those happen too.
Never bet the farm (or your life) on a forecast.
"An update of the calculation reported on page 49 of Beyond Oil gives an unchanged estimate: 2.013 trillion barrels. ... The world peak would then happen when 1.0065 trillion barrels have been produced (half of 2.013). Following Hubbert, I used the Oil & Gas Journal end-of-year production numbers... The cumulative world production at the end of 2004 was 0.9812 trillion barrels and at the end of 2005 it was 1.00748 trillion. During the year, we passed the halfway point. The graph shows the date of the crossover: December 16, 2005."
Is there any merit to his line of argument?
xvi-2-93.pdf
Watch for Electrical BrownOuts and Blackouts.
Electricity is
hands down our most important end-use energy. To
wit: I estimate that 7% of the world*s oil is consumed
by the electric power sector, 20% of the world*s
natural gas, 88% of the coal, and 100% each for
nuclear and hydroelectric power. The result is that
electric power accounts for 43% of the world*s enduse
energy compared to oil*s 35%.
The critical role that electricity plays in the
United States is likewise telling. Out of the total enduse
energy consumed in each of the social sectors in
2003:
1) 0.2% was electricity in the Transportation
sector,
- 33.3% in the Industrial sector,
- 65.9% in the Residential sector
....Thus, except for lightning strikes and tornadoes, itmight seem that the power networks would always
operate reliably, thus completely avoiding big
blackouts.
But that is false. Power control specialists J. Apt
and L. B. Lave (2004) have warned:
Data for the last four decades show that
blackouts occur more frequently than theory
predicts, and they suggest that it will become
increasing expensive to prevent these lowprobability,
high-consequence events. The
various proposed "fixes" are expensive and
could even be counterproductive, causing future
failures because of some unanticipated
interaction.
Self Organized Criticality will begin to show itself now
(think sand grains causing a sand pile to avalanche).
The Fat Tail of Inverse Linearization of Hubbert's Curve
where perturbations occur more frequently than theory
predicts. The Zipf, Pareto, Mandelbrot Power Laws.
Chaos Theory-the Bifurcation is upon us-A new
Steady State will soon present itself.
James
This may be more about ego's and selling books...
The only recent eyebrow raising feature we see in the developing 2005 data is the separation of the hubbert peak from the production peak. Campbell has pushed the production peak to 2005 from 2004, thus divorcing the two conventional peaks.
Similarly the "all liquids" peak remains at 2010, a year after its halfway point of cumulative extraction.
Campbell has gone public with his dismay that many countries have not recently adjusted "down" their reserve data and hence there is room for error in his totals. He hopes to address this shortly. This also indicates that we may see an upward revision in his 1.850-Tb & 2.4-Tb URR's.
watch our site for new numbers in March:
http://trendlines.ca/economic.htm#PeakOil
Remind me. Is the 2.013-Tb a calculation of conventional oil or "all liquids"?
While i have everyone's attention, the continuing saga on extraction peak unwrinkles as this: IEA has announced downward revised Dec global production to 84.7-mbd from 85-mbd. This ties the mark set in August 2005. The preliminary January 2006 rate is 84.6-mbd.
TOD says highest production to date is May, Freddy claims August. Which is right? It makes some difference - if Aug, K/R excuses why world production declined since, if May there is no excuse.
Even if Aug, Freddy needs to explain why production is not higher now - gom production is now down only 250k/d, while most of the curves he shows predict production rising around 1.5+m/d/year over the next decade - surely if these are generally correct we should by now be at a new peak considering prices still over 60 and we are 6 months further on...
Freddy's site talks of SPR down only 1% yoy, and which I get from a newsletter I subsribe to - this is misleading, as is US commercial storage being 25m higher than last year. If commercial borrowers paid back the barrels borrowed from the US SPR last fall, commercial storage would be only modestly up yoy. And, this does not get into the millions of barrels, mostly gasoline, borrowed from eurasia, and presumably owed by commercial entities - does anybody know when these are supposed to be repaid? Is it before, or after, next hurricane season? What would commercial gasoline stocks, also shown fat, be like if repayment occurs before the summer driving season?
His site speaks rather optimistically about better production from Iraq/Nigeria and other trouble spots. Time will tell, I suppose... meanwhile, we are less than six months from the next hurricane season, with Hugo lying awake nights trying to figure out how to stop selling to the US while still getting the cash to run his country, and while Israel mulls her options in avoiding the next holocaust... As an aside, if Israel chooses to act, I cannot imagine any US administration in history more willing to help than this one.
Deffeyes' models include what Colin Campbell calls "Conventional Oil" plus "Deepwater". It's the black liquid from whatever place it may come. It excludes all the other non-conventional liquids like ngl, tar sands, bitumen, methanol and so on.
Although defining a date to the peak can be a dangerous thing to do, it is interesting to note than both models are quite close to each other. The difference is that Colin Campbell expects a huge growth in Deepwater production.
Absolutely true given that the greater portion of our
energy use is simply wasted. It is no better than cashing
in the paycheque and then burning a few of the dollar bills
received.
Just one small personal example: I changed most
of my incadescents for CFL light bulbs. Found essentially no difference in light quality. According to EnerStar site
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=lighting.pr_lighting#ProductText
if all US households changed just 5 bulbs from incadescent
to CFLs, then annual output of 21 power plants would be
saved. The sum of all such small changes in all types of energy use means that PO will NOT cause a return to the Stone Age.
Over the last couple of years (started before I discovered PO, when electricity charges started increasing) we done a few things to reduce our electricity use. Recently this has stepped up a gear and in the next few months our solar water heating and wood-fired boiler should remove water heating from the bill. But even before these, our daily electricity use has gone down to about 15 KWh a day average (from about 50 - 60).
Now, a lot of people use way more than that and have similar lifestyles. A friend here at work (in a similar house with a similar family size/make-up) used almost four times as much. She had a solar water heater installed and it has reduced her power bill by almost two-thirds!
I have to admit, though, that we are not big on the electronic stuff. We don't have a TV, and the kids can amuse themselves without the use of electronics (no computer/playstation/etc.)
However, water heating is what we should be concentrating on. It can easily account for over half your electricity bill.
Cancel That Apocalypse -- The Oil Crisis Is Over
The price of oil will fluctuate. (That is in fact expected when a resource is growing scarce.) But no way is this the "market top," and no way will there be a collapse like the dot-com bust.
Syria switches to euro amid confrontation with US
I guess the "petrodollar" theory of war will get a test. If it's true, I'll expect the Bush adminstration to suddenly start claiming that Saddam's WMD were smuggled to Syria again. ;-)
If Bush & Co attacked every country that converted its assets to euro, we would have been amidst WWIII envolving USA vs European Union, Russia, the whole Eastern Europe and growing parts of Asia.
According to the CIA factbook, Syria exports 285,000 bbl/day.
When I googled it it turn out that last year Syrian oil production experienced a catastrophic drop from 525 000 bpd. to 403,800 bpd. or 23% in spite of increased investments.
This should have driven its exports to the mere 163 800 bpd. if their internal consumption remained flat. It seems their NG sector is more perspective than oil.
In all cases Syria is not that significant of a player to endager petrodolar system or justify military actions IMO.
Many other countries now trade in euros and have converted much larger assets in euros without any problems. I see the Iraqy war as an attempt to gain control over the region. The message was not "We will attack you if you step on our toes", but "Now, that we are here you will have huge problems if you step on our toes". And it is happening - USA is pressing hardly Syria on accusations of terrorism; and much more obviously pressing Iran. Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Qatar are already tied, so who else is there to keep from switching?
The neo cons will not go for military intervention if the expected "return" is lower than their "expenses". For these guys this is just business.
The Syrian connection was alleged BEFORE we invaded Iraq, by Ariel Sharon, in a CNN interview on Christmas day, 2002. This is not new. It only seems new because the MSM tries to make it sound new, and because the MSM itself mostly ignored Sharon's statement when he made it. In fact, after Sharon's statement, many people expected no WMDs to be found in Iraq, for precisely that reason.
You can also set your default preference in "Comment preferences" on the front page of TOD (or any TOD page I guess) under the part that shows you are logged in as GreyZone.
I have nothing good to say about Syria's role in world politics, but don't really see them as any type of threat.
I'm a supporter of both Israel and Sharon, contrary to what you may have come to believe. However, that doesn't mean Israeli intelligence is always right even though they seem to be generally very good. I'm not sure of the significance of this 3-year-old report.
That brings us to your point in this thread, which I still fail to understand except to use it as your own bully pulpit. Do you follow other posters around and harangue them in other threads with the sole intent of badgering til they personally reply to you somewhere else? If not, why begin now? I suggest you keep your comments to the pertinent topic thread. I would have replied regardless, but like many, I have a job and have to work as well. I cannot read TOD endlessly even if I wanted or respond instantly, so if you want a reply, you'll just have to wait til I get around to it. If that is not good enough for you, then too bad.
While "massively kill non-believers" isn't quite the same as "blow up the world," it's close enough to make me nervous.
The comment in question is GreyZone's on Feb 11th at 1:19 PM.
to sacrifice these children,
you must not do it anymore.
A scheme is not a vision
and you never have been tempted
by a demon or a god.
You who stand above them now,
your hatchets blunt and bloody,
you were not there before,
when I lay upon a mountain
and my father's hand was trembling
with the beauty of the word.
And if you call me brother now,
forgive me if I inquire,
"Just according to whose plan?"
When it all comes down to dust
I will kill you if I must,
I will help you if I can.
When it all comes down to dust
I will help you if I must,
I will kill you if I can.
And mercy on our uniform,
man of peace or man of war,
the peacock spreads his deadly fan.'
Leonard Cohen, 'Story of Isaac'
Bloody monotheists, burn the lot of them I'd say, lest they burn everyone first.
Is that the "Shell" Oil theory of freak-economists?
Some may think this is an adhominen attack.
But at some point, reality has to set in that these pure economics types are way out to lunch with their peanut butter and jelly theories about how science and thermodynamics work.
Diesel and gasoline were not "just as easily" and arbitrarily picked as might have been any "other oil" or something or other.
Every material composition has specific characterisitcs and bounds: viscosity, flamability, abundance, energy density, etc. Ignorance, it appears, has no bounds.
Never assume that Germans are dumb.
And now, for the Trivial Pursuit wedge in history, who invented the diesel engine?
(Contrary to some reports, it was not Vin Diesel;-)
And since supply is flat, then I started looking for that reduced demand. And I couldn't find that either.
Yes, some will. Offshore Mauritania comes to mind. They've got about 1 Gb in proven reserves, 1/29th of one year's world consumption. And there may be a mind-blowing 500 million barrels in some other African country that's never produced any oil--Somalia? And what are the oil companies doing? This Business Week article called it "Drilling On Wall Street".And the recent price trend in oil (in the very short-term, granted) is down. So strictly speaking, there can't really be a problem. It's not that I don't believe the capacity isn't there - it is that I don't care. If something doesn't make sense - look at price, it usually doesn't lie. Short term price says everything is fine.
I will elaborate on what I think is happening in the global oil market soon but I need to collect my thoughts. One thing I will say is that you need to be prepared for a possible very long period where everything you thought would happen - doesn't.
In the next few days I'm going to publish a supply/demand chart that will show these things are very hard to track and measure given current numbers.
Capacity, to use an over-used phrase, but still one of my favorites, "is what it is."
Can you say that you would have seen anything different, had you been looking, in 1979(to arbitrarily pick a year)?
Don't fall into the trap of seeing the glass half-empty. We like to talk about Iraq and Nigeria and Venezuela and Iran and other "situations."
But these things come and go.
Do you realize that without the four specific above-mentioned examples/obstacles we would have an oil-glut and the price of crude would be about $25?
The pendulum swings both ways. Take the long-view.
Yeah, but new stuff comes, and Murphy's Law pretty much says it all. For example, pipelines break. Obviously they are going to break sometimes, because when you put hot stuff at pressure through a long pipeline you will sooner or later find that your quality control for welds was not 100% good.
Had a big pipeline break a hundred yards from my office some years ago, created a huge toxic stinking lake that took weeks or months to cleanup. And how long to fix the pipline (one of the largest in Minnesota)? Months. The stench? So bad we had to cancel classes.
BTW, have you noticed how pipeline companies have cut back on aerial surveillance to save money? Scary.
I heard a US Congressman say that.
IIRC it was Steve King (R) of Iowa yesterday on CSPAN. He said that Iraq has "so much oil" that why, heck, it pools up right there on the ground in the depressions of the earth. You don't even have to drill for it. You just scoop it up right there off the ground like so much syrup for your ice cream sundae.
(OK, he did not mention the ice cream sundae and the syrup. I was getting a bit carried away there with the imagery of all this oil just a bubbling up through the ground and Jed Clampett standing there, next to his ole' pal, Dick Cheney, both of them staring dumbfounded at where their shots landed.)
How utterly patronizing!
Whenever someone characterizes a country like, say, Chad as a "tiny country with a hard-to-pronounce name" you aquire an sense of how this man views the world.
The Prius definitely does not run on a combination of gasoline and electricity. It runs only on gasoline. Some of that gasoline is used to generate electricity which is stored and later turns the wheels, while some of it turns the wheels directly. But there is only one energy source for the Prius, and that is gasoline.
(There are experimental plug-in conversions for the Prius that will in fact let it run on a combination of gasoline and electricity, but these are not yet commercially available.)
Here's another place where I disagree:
If that were so, then why did prices in fact rocket during 2005, if "demand" grew so slowly? It doesn't make sense. The truth is that we have no measure of "demand" per se, in fact it doesn't even make sense as an economic concept. When people report "demand" what they really mean is "consumption"; and due to the nature of the oil business, consumption in any given year is very closely equal to production.
The truth is that production and consumption rose 1.3 percent in 2005, much slower growth than 2004, as prices soared. When prices rise as production/consumption level off that points to production difficulties; whereas prices falling points to softening in demand. The fact that prices were way up as production/consumption levels leveled off means that production limits were the cause, rather than a drop in demand.
Despite these disagreements, I do think it's possible that his conclusion is right, that we may not see much of an increase in oil prices in the near future. The future is always surprising, and chances are that many of the forces pushing up oil prices the past few months - hurricanes, iraq, iran, nigeria - will be forgotten this year as new issues come to the fore. It's hard to predict in advance what will happen. With the drop in refinancing among American consumers, many economists predict softening economic growth, which would allow oil prices to drop more. China is still a big question mark which could surprise us either way, with consumption growth either rising or falling. Your bet is as good as mine but I wouldn't be that surprised if this guy were right.
The "normal" oil price is $20/bbl, remember?
Who's the crowd and who are the contrarians on this one?
FWIW, I think it's one of those funny things where people choose some very (historically) pessimistic numbers for oil prices, and then promptly label themselves as optimists!
Also, I pay no attention to the daily price of crude (even though I always know what it is, paradoxically). I use a 26-week average of the price to track what its "level" is. It is very easy to monitor real changes if you look at the long-term price.
Same thing goes for gasoline and NG.
Oil is still higher today than it was a year ago, on average. Production has not been increasing, hurricane season will be upon us in 6 months, actually starts 1Jun06, which is really 4 months away. production will get another jolt when something enters the Gulf.
is this the quiet before the storm?
Why aren't the markets on a strong bull? I think i need Agrics' take on this stuff!
If that takes 20 years to play out, it is indeed a "slow squeeze".
I know I keep harping on this kind of thing, and I sincerely apologize if it's getting old. But I really wish some of the leading lights of energy awareness were more careful in their public pronouncements. These comments by Deffeyes (both the prediction of the top and the stone age thing), and Simmons' talk about how oil could reach $200 or $250 or whatever the number was, really are counterproductive. They make it absurdly easy to paint everyone who thinks peak oil is a serious issue as some kind of loon. And that makes it much harder to get mainstreamers to pay attention and start taking action now, before the fecal matter hits the rotating impeller.
If we aren't worried, we shouldn't be dropping hundreds of millions on ethanol/hydrogen. If we are worried, we should slow down on consumption.
If this is some kind of societal cognitive dissonance that will only be broken by price ... then it doesn't really matter what Deffeyes says on his site, or how lucid we are here in our post-game analysis.
... and that might be my approximation of where we are. Some small numbers of people will buy the books, read the blogs, or catch a story on NPR ... but the majority will ride the price curve to wherever it takes them.
Its going to be hard for the public to appreciate the peak (even if its already here) because the oil agency and media opinion is saying that high petroleum prices are reducing demand, to wit: we are consuming less oil because we can't affort it. That leaves the public with the false implication that if only prices were lower more oil would be produced because in that case they could afford it.
I find his post very interesting, and if you really think about it in terms of the data as used by oil companies and the industry... take a look at the following:
EIA Oil reserve dataIf you follow Hubbert's logic, new discoveries don't have a significant impact on production... and if you take out the tar-sands from the proven reserve estimates (I think this is only fair as EROEI is so low for tar sands) AND you take out the now proven false Kuwait reserves... you get a number around or under what Deffeys is saying is left, less than what we've used so far... this is past peak, right?
This isn't to say that society in general won't recognize it for another 5 years, when they're dealing with $10/gallon gas and realize, "Hey, there may not be anymore of this stuff coming..." Simmons and others are correct that peak will be a a hindsight is twenty-twenty thing, and who knows, maybe Deffeys is a few years off as well, in reverse. We could have peaked in supply a few years ago, with more coming out of the ground through salt-water injection and other tricky methods of extraction while less and less supply was there to be had. Take away the OPEC "proven reserves" that magically appeared a while back and we are well past peak supply. It's just that peak production may be lagging...
----------------
Streetcar proponent is on a roll
Monday, February 13, 2006
Lolis Eric Elie
What is it with Alan Drake and streetcars?
You can't go to a public meeting and not find him there, spewing facts and opinions that betray a knowledge of streetcars, engineering and urban design that far exceeds that of most of the other citizens present.
The latest idea he's pitching? A deal with Skoda, the streetcar manufacturer from the Czech Republic under which the Regional Transit Authority would buy cars from the company and much of the assembly would take place at a plant in New Orleans.
'Old urbanism'
Two things seem to drive Drake in his quest to put more streetcars on our city streets: his engineering background and his interest in making our city more livable.
As an engineer, he likes to solve problems. As a citizen, he likes the way cities functioned in the days before a car was considered a necessary possession for every urban adult. Ironically, the trend in urban planning is to make new communities function more like the old ones.
"You've heard about the New Urbanism?" he asked rhetorically. "I'm into old urbanism living. I walk to food. I walk to my tailor. Or I use the streetcar. If you take that away, a lot of the old livability, the old urbanism as I call it, disappears."
"New Orleans was built around a series of Grand Boulevards during the 1800s, most notably Canal, St. Charles and Esplanade," he wrote in a recent e-mail titled "Grand Boulevards Strategy." "Space was left on several other streets for more such Grand Boulevards that were never truly developed to their potential.
"Picking up where the 19th century left off, and going forward into the 21st century with a development strategy that emphasizes a series of new Grand Boulevards, would play to the strengths of New Orleans," he wrote. "Taking neutral grounds that are little-used today and transforming them into multiuse, multimodal linear parks would create a powerful attractor for rebuilding New Orleans."
Clean slate
Drake sees post-Katrina New Orleans as a great opportunity. Instead of the usual, dull buses, we could have pollution-free electric trolleys that could have the attractive look of streetcars.
He's not the only one thinking this way.
"Seeing as the city was pretty much devastated, you could pretty much start all over again if you wanted to," said Charlie Hahn, Skoda's manager of U.S. operations.
"New Orleans used to have trackless trolleys. If they really wanted to move away from fossil-fuel buses, now would be a good time."
Rosalind Blanco Cook, a spokeswoman for the Regional Transit Authority, said that the agency has received letters of interest from Skoda and several other companies.
It hasn't made any decisions. But, no matter what it decides, Alan Drake will be at the next meeting with another plan.
. . . . . . .
Lolis Eric Elie can be reached at lelie@timespicayune.com or (504) 826-3330.
Is this available online, somewhere? Sounds like a good read.
See also the artistic illustration of what a 3 track streetcar line would look like in the Group Main Page (more pixels available in Group "Photos" on left margin).
http://www.urbanconservancy.info/letters/grand-boulevards-strategy-transportation-postkatrina
P.S. Google is your friend.
These wetlands are a natural hurricane speed bump.
For a small fraction of Katrina cleanup (caused by terrible engineering by the US Army Corps of Engineers), we could build a Dutch style bullet proof protection system. Just have the builders speak Dutch ! And it would take a decade to complete.
Under no circumstances can the city be moved. It is simply impossible to recreate this unique city. Have people just move to sustainable suburbs in Phoenix, Las Vegas and Houston instead.
The gist of it is that the peak may also be considered as the maximum daily output of all liquids. Pick a number. Say, 85.5/mbpd. If we fluctuate around that number ± 1% for some years followed by a decline, then that's the peak. Stuart's estimate
- URR is 2250 ± 260gb
- K is 4.93 ± 0.32%
- the logistic peak is May 2007 ± 4.5 years
includes Deffeyes (2.013 trillion barrels) at the low end. I still firmly believe that we will know the peak in the rearview mirror. My only fear is that this flat road we're driving on now in 2006 is about to go into a valley within a few years from which we will never emerge.To some degree, it appears that we are on the cusp of being Supply Constrained. The evidence is that every oil producer is pumping at their maximum rate. With the key change being that SA is now bringing their full supply to market. Nevetheless, Supply Constraint is not a geological issue. You can have Supply Constraint and still have years and years of supply increases ahead. It is a huge political issue because Supply Constraint means that world growth (with respect to oil) is a fixed sum game. If China grows more, we by definition have to grow less, because the resources simply aren't there for us each to grow at our unconstrained rate.
Peak is exponentially more serious. Because at Peak world economic growth becomes a zero sum game. At that point for China to grow, we have to shrink. A sustained shrinking economy will cause serious problems (as the doomsayers like to fantasize about). And of course, soon after Peak world growth will be a negative sum game.
This is a simplification, because energy resources are only one factor in economic growth, and because oil is just one form of energy. So economic growth is possible even after Peak. Think telecommuting and conservation. Possible, but more difficult.
An interesting sidebar is the question of which economies will suffer most when the market becomes supply constrained. We haven't reached this point yet, but we have gotten close. Price rises are the natural effect of Constraint, and that should cut oil off to the markets that cannot afford it. My assumption for a long time has been that the US would be able to afford the more expensive oil longer than China or India and that it would be their economies that would slow down. But the more I've thought about it the more I am starting to believe that it is the economies that make the most inefficient use of the resource that will be the first to find their economic model no longer is profitable at the inflated price. And I don't have to tell you which country is the most inefficient consumer of oil.
As far as inefficient consuming goes, the US is in doubly bad shape. Not only is our transportation sector highly inefficient, but we also have a rather small heat/electricity oil sector compared with many poorer countries. Since the heating oil is much more easily replaced (with wood, coal, gas, etc.) than oil as a transportation fuel, the US will face that much uglier a squeeze for the 10 years or more it takes for our inefficient vehicle fleet to turn over. Assuming the transition begins as easily as that.
On the other hand, the poorer countries will likely be priced away from using oil for heat or electricity over the coming years. That may put some brakes on rising world oil costs, at the price (particularly to the US) of a bigger crunch in the future.
Actually my assumption has always been that third and second world countries will be the ones paying the PO bill. USA will experience some economic pain and will lose its place as a world economic leader, after we finally find it impossible to borrow more to pay our ever growing energy bill. The rest of the developed world will get away with a moderate recession and lower standart of life until they manage to build these CTL and GTL plants that will allow us to keep growing until the coal and NG peak kick in.
Call it socialism, call it what you like, our governments must take on board these obvious arguments and tell big corporations who do not profit from sustainability where they can put their vested interests. governments must become truly democratic and break from the stupid emphasis on lobbying. Only then will all these nice ideas become a possibility. Just as governments turned their back on over zealous trade unions in the 1970's, they must turn their back on downright stupid free marketeers in the noughties (the '00's).
Adam Smith's idea that "the market will solve things" was debunked long ago by environmental economics, when will idiot politicians catch up???!!!
When you misattribute ideas to great thinkers of the past, you discredit your line of reasoning.
Actually, you have a good point: Mindless pundits who never read Adam Smith have a blind faith in something they call "the market," and they have no understanding of economics whatsoever.
If you really want to get into something hairy and interesting, dig into the theorem of the Second Best. Genuine economics can help us understand the world and make it better.
The blather of the journalists is just that.
Ottawa backs Gazprom deal
Coal bed methane gas is cheaper, but salinity constrained because you have to pump out the water first. It ruins farmland to dump it into rivers used for irrigation, or kills all the fish in the river if it's not used for irrigation.
If the US were still a manufacturing power in a world of consumers, it would be someone else's problem. Kennedy's America would simply retool and motor on. But those days are gone. China and India are the manufacturing powers and we've forgotten how.
Plus the US is mortgaged way beyond the hilt, with no source of income except the housing bubble itself. Total US debt is around $40 Trillion, double that if you include health and welfare, and double again if you include derivatives on the debt. We have no ability to work that off because, according to the bureau of labour statistics, we're in a freefall job depression.
So when push comes to shove the US is the economic loser. Plenty of oil for the Indians and Chinese. Little or none for us. Our only way forward is wars of aggression. Not little firecrackers like Iraq. Big war: Iran and Venezuela as a start, but ultimately the whole world.
If we survive that ... welcome back to the stone age.