Water and Oil - another trip to Aramco's plumbing

Hmm! Maybe the next book review I’ll do will be “The Boy’s King Arthur.” Well actually, given the controversy about him (he was a Celt and they ultimately lost – after he died - so he has been relegated to mythical status. The winners write the history books), perhaps that might not be such a good idea. I recently looked at an NRC survey showing the classes of disciplines at a University and while history had more than 8 subdivisions as I remember, there was no mention of energy per se, or most of the energy production disciplines – so just imagine the columns of controversy I might generate. But it also speaks, by itself, to how important certain issues are ranked in the corridors of the mighty.

So let’s get back to the status of the world of oil. And while, as one of the recent conferees noted, the public thinks that, since prices having dropped back “we survived the energy crisis,” sadly the world picture is really getting worse. Sometimes, when I have looked at what we have projected, I have consoled myself with the thought to myself along the lines of “well these are the lower estimates, it really isn’t going to be that bad.” Unfortunately the numbers that are now starting to pop up hold no such comfort, and are beginning to confirm what our contributors have been predicting for a while.


As Prof G posted the other day, Matt Simmons thinks that we will peak this year, because the spare capacity to replace the collapsing fields of Mexico and the North Sea is just not there. Both Khebab and Euan have explained the issues with Mexico, and the Financial Times story in Drumbeat gives the UK situation. Much hangs on whether Saudi Arabia is going to be able to help match the declines that are now becoming apparent. Unfortunately there are a couple of possible flies in this particular ointment.

The first of these is that while Paul Roberts mentioned last week that the spare production available between current demand and actual supply is around 2 million barrels, a nasty suspicion still sits in my mind thinking that Saudi Arabia is counting the Manifa field as part of that capacity. After all the KSA stated goal for their capacity for production increase matches that 2 mbd number. However, once discovered production from the field was suspended because, as numerous posts have noted, the chemistry of that oil will require a special refinery , and after trying to sell the crude on the world market, Aramco have given in, and are now building their own refineries to deal with it. As a result the oil from the field, projected at around 900,000 bd, will not come on line until 2011 , which is going to be a tad late. Concurrently the volume of that flow is just about at the level at which, in the past, Aramco officials have said that the KSA fields are declining in production each year, so that when it arrives it may do no more than hold the levels of the then current production, rather than increment it.

Along which line, Leanan had a story the other day relating to the new water pumping station that has just been brought on line. What is worthy of note is where all the water is going. (See I did warn you). And for those who have not followed this for very long, let me very quickly explain something again.

The oil field that we talk about as Ghawar , the world’s largest, in often considered, not as a single field, but rather as different parts. Some of the most productive regions have been the Ain Dar/Shedgum portions, which are to the north end of the main field. These are the regions that have been producing at around 30% water cut, and are some of the oldest of the producing regions of the Kingdom, with a current water injection rate of 2 mbd It is thus interesting to see look at the new water pumping stations that are being installed. The new construction for the Qurayyah Seawater Treatment Plant to be used to supply seawater for the Khurais expansion that has been put in and will provide the fields with 4.5 million barrels of water, to help in pressure maintenance and production. The overall water capacity of the plant has, however, grown to 14 mbd . Of this flow some 2.5 million will now go to the Ain Dar/Shedgum fields. Wonder what that will do to the water cut ? Which is, if I remember, how Paul Roberts started The End of Oil . That title seems a bit closer these days.

When I was in college, energy and energy efficiency was covered in some of our physics classes - sort of along with thermodynamics.

I suppose part of it is that the professor that we had back then was really interested in these questions himself. Although in an unrelated note, I just saw that same professor's obituary this week, which I suppose reminded me of the things that we covered in class.

Hello Heading Out,

I enjoyed this post. Well-written and ominous.

Hmm! Maybe the next book review I’ll do will be “The Boy’s King Arthur.” Well actually, given the controversy about him (he was a Celt and they ultimately lost – after he died - so he has been relegated to mythical status. The winners write the history books), perhaps that might not be such a good idea.

The winners write the histories, but what happens when there are no longer any winners?

When the books on Homo sapiens are closed and history has come to its final end and all that humankind has ever accomplished is forgotten forever ... what then?

When Homo sapiens are extinct and there are only fossils and a thin layer of pollution left in the fossil record to testify of our existence, what would a future species of intelligent life say about the primate species that appeared for such a brief moment and departed so swiftly?

All of these things which seem so real are coming to an end. Humans -- Americans in particular, but all humans -- are living in an invisible ocean of delusions and grandiose lies. It is a tragedy of the highest order, a tragedy which only a Divine mind can really comprehend and appreciate. I wonder what God is thinking? When God looks down upon heaven and observes the Earth with its 6.5 billion humans I imagine that He cries.

Here today, gone tomorrow. Such is the fate of all species. Such is the fate of the Homo sapiens.

But the sun will rise again tomorrow. That much is guaranteed. Thank God for the sun.

David Mathews
http://www.geocities.com/dmathew1

The Olympian Gods didn't cry; rather, they laughed, slapped their bellies and ridiculed the folly of Man. Perhaps that's why the idea of Isis/Gaia had/is so appealing. The Warring Father Gods overturned in favor of Nurturing Mother Goddesses.

"Nurturing Mother Goddess" ...don't let Mom image fool you. She can also beat the living crap out of you if you misbehave.

It is highly unlikely that Homo Sapiens will go extinct from the collapse of this
failed experiment we call civilization. Civilization will go extinct, of course,
and the vast majority of the enormous population will disappear with it, but
it is almost certain that humans themselves will survive, and probably curse
their ancestors who put them through such a miserable thing as the slow, violent, brutal, painful decline of civilization and left a poisoned world as their final
legacy. But humanity will survive. Homo is only a couple million years old, and Homo Sapiens is only a couple hundred thousand years old. We already figured out how to
live on this earth just fine, and right up until some thousands of years ago (in some places more, in some places less) we lived a very good, very sustainable, very healthy life.

It is a common misconception of the civilized world to think that civilization IS humanity and vice-versa, that there is no other alternative. Those 'primitive savages', though, could have taught us a lot that we will have to learn again for
ourselves, as many of us as survive the next couple decades.

High gang, I have been, and will continue to be out of pocket for several days. Taking a vacation and only every few days check the Oil Drum on a borrowed computer. But I must agree with Rudolph and all the others who say that it is highly unlikely that Homo sapiens will go extinct in the next few thousand years.

Think about it, we occupy every habital liveable place on earth. Even a catastrophe that wiped 999,999 out of every one million people on earth would still leave 6,500 people on earth.

Extinction happens when there are not enough breeding pairs of a species left to reproduce. No matter how bad the consequences of peak oil, or even the total end of fossil fuels will likely cause that to happen.

But if anyone truly believes that human extinction is indeed about to happen then it would behoove them to explain the exact mechanism of this catastrophe. After all, there are people living in the Amazon jungle as well as in New Guenie that are surviving quite well completely isolated from the rest of civilization.

But they should do this on the open thread, not on a thread that is dedicated to another subject like Saudi Arabia.

Ron Patterson

Ron, If such an event were to occur, don't you think that it would leave the 6500 people rather scattered around the earth? Is it not only helpful to have breeding pairs if they are physically together?

The Aboriginal people in Australia are our nation's past... I can't help thinking that they'll be our future as well, and will have the last laugh.

There are probably enough of them still retaining some of the traditional culture and skills to be able to flower again.

So let me get this straight.....the inability to cope with the decline (which we have known was coming for at least a half century, and the really smart ones knew was coming starting after the first day of pumpling) of one cubic mile of liquid fuel is going to lead to the extinction of the human race, and leave nothing but a thin trace of pollution and fossils and wailing to the Olympian Gods....

O.K., just so I know I have everything in perspective, wouldn't want to be accused of exaggeration of any kind, right? :-)

gee, and we were worried that folks wouldn't take this issue seriously....

RC
Remember, we are only one cubic mile from freedom.

It's a bit more nuanced than that. There is actually a choice.

Option 1:

  • drive less, live near work, carpool
  • consume fewer half-gallon slushies per day, eat more brown rice and the occasional egg
  • move in w/ your mother-in-law

Option 2:

  • die

Obviously, the first option is not a serious alternative...

Hello mikey,

Option 1 v. Option 2 is flawed in several serious manners. You seem to approach this issue from a nationalistic standpoint while I am looking at the entire Earth (which is already filled with billions of impoverished non-drivers who are barely surviving these "good times" of increasing oil production).

From the standpoint of the United States, undoubtedly America could survive if Americans were willing to live with less. I would prefer that Americans consume less:

The U.S. trade deficit climbed to a record high for the fifth straight year, with 2006 imports exceeding exports by $764 billion, the Commerce Department reported yesterday. The gap reflects higher oil prices, which increased the nation's import bill, and American consumers' rising appetite for foreign-made goods.

The figures raised tensions in Washington, unleashing criticism on Capitol Hill of the Bush administration's pursuit of new trade deals. They also provoked a fresh round of demands for action against China, whose trade surplus with the United States swelled to a record $233 billion last year, according to the Commerce Department.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/13/AR200702...

But do you know what would happen to the American economy if massive numbers of Americans actually followed the advice of Option 1?

I imagine that the American economy would collapse because there are millions of jobs which are made possible by America's present (increasing) level of consumption. The value of stocks would decline tremendously, too, once everyone realized that America had entered an era of perpetually diminishing consumption.

Regarding Option 2: Extinction is not an immediate threat. Extinction is our species' ultimate fate.

David Mathews
http://www.geocities.com/dmathew1

So let me get this straight.....the inability to cope with the decline (which we have known was coming for at least a half century, and the really smart ones knew was coming starting after the first day of pumpling) of one cubic mile of liquid fuel is going to lead to the extinction of the human race, and leave nothing but a thin trace of pollution and fossils and wailing to the Olympian Gods....

The consumption of two cubic miles of oil, the pollution that such consumption shall generate, the overpopulation which the oil made possible, the tools of technological warfare which oil also made feasible: These shall all work together to drive humankind to extinction.

Homo sapiens are not an eternal species. Extinction is real, inevitable, inescapable, and coming quickly. Does it make any difference whether extinction comes in ten thousand or one hundred thousand years? Not from a geological standpoint.

Humankind has thoroughly demonstrated an inability to cope with the increase of energy (see the 20th century). I imagine that humankind will cope with the decline of energy in a much worse manner.

For those who expect a smooth downslope: I doubt that the oil exporters will continue to export oil once Peak Oil reaches the general public's consciousness. The Muslims will probably not allow America's SUV drivers to burn away every last drop of their natural resource wealth. Those aircraft carriers in the Persian Gulf are not merely a threat to Iran.

Civilization is winding down. Humankind's era of dominance over the Earth is coming to an end. Humankind's era of existence is also coming to an end. But all of these things shall occur more than twenty-five years in the future.

David Mathews
http://www.geocities.com/dmathew1

Hmmmm!

Perhaps Saudi Arabia's stated excess capacity really means future new capacity instead of current excess capacity.

Estimate of Saudi's new projects by end of 2009:

Hawiyah NGL 0.4 mb/d
Khursaniyah NGL 0.3 mb/d
AFK 0.5 mb/d
Nuayyim 0.1 mb/d
Shaybah phase 1 0.3 mb/d
Khurais 1.2 mb/d

Adding these volumes gives 2.8 mb/d of excess capacity crude, lease condensate and natural gas plant liquids.

If excess capacity does mean future capacity then given current field decline rates, Saudi Arabia production of crude oil & lease condensate is highly unlikely to exceed 9 mb/d ever again.

Maybe we can go lower. SA says the market is ok, so no need for new cuts. Meanwhile, they are producing, according to them, 8.5Mb/d, or their cuts are twice what they agreed to do. If, therefore, 8.5Mb/d is the best they will be able to do until the vanadium refineries come on line in 2011, and given further at least 50k decline/month or 600k/yoy, then we will never see 8.5Mb/d again. Going just a little further, after 07 the limit would have to be 8Mb/d, and so forth.

If the world's fields are declining 5%/y, or 4Mb/d/y, then we need another SA every other year...

Your analysis is not bad, and the shopping list of projects grows, people are putting their money where their mouth is:

http://www.pipelinedubai.com/focus/2006/cf0106.html

Note that of the projects mentioned, AFK is essentially an ethane/NGL development, and there are nice glittery gifts in the form of GTL and LNG projects, meaning that natural gas is getting it's fair share, or more, and the growth of the petrochemical industry in the Persian Gulf creates some interesting new market arrangements (will we be buying our fertilizer from the Persian Gulf to grow our ethanol "freedom fuel"? (irony of ironies :-)

Only Khurais promises over 1.2 mb/d, and all eyes are, or should be on this field. It is big enough in potential that it could truly alter the marketplace, but, if it turns out to be a bust, then Simmons really gets the hat trick, as North Sea decline, Mexican/Cantarell decline, Venezuelan "difficulties" (for lack of a better word) begin to really cut into our supplier base, and then Khurais turns out to be a bust, you have to ask how many other places can make up that kind of shortfall.

The last wildcard has to be Persian Gulf/Saudi offshore. I have heard no one willing to venture a guess about how much is possible there. The Saudi's suddenly seem interested in offshore rigs, leading a good chess player to try to posit the next move:

(a) Is Saudi production suffering onshore, and thus, offshore is needed in a way it has never been?
(b)or, do our Arabian friends intend to go for an "oil fortress" Saudi style, and soon have offshore, Khurais, the natural gas and finished petrochemical trade all in their holster, so they can strike the market when and as they chose with astonishing power?

Yeah, I know, your laughing. Don't laugh too loud. We have made that mistake before.

Remember, we are only one cubic mile from freedom.
RC

THere is nothing about khurais that promises 1.2Mb/d... actually, the field itself promises maybe 1/10 of that. It is the saudis that promise that incredible number, adding 'trust me'.

SA is indeed interested in off shore rigs, already poaching several looking for ng in our gulf to look for oil in theirs. Indeed, they are interested in absolutely every bit of oil infrastructure known to man - huge water pumps to relocate the persian gulf underground; on shore rigs, now up 3x and moving rapidly towards 10x; off shore rigs; in a word, we've heard of everything except tankers.

SA, mexico and venezuela are quite similar in result - production in all countries is way down - but SA, at least, is trying to do something about it. Venezuela is more like mexico, both starving their fields of internal investment and external capital/expertise. IMO all three will continue declining. Of the three, only venezuela has the potential to bring production back to former highs, but imo will not under chavez, usefully saving oil for somebody's future, not that chavez cares.

Can you explain a bit about khurais. I don't know much about the field except for the vanadium.

The fact that KSA is expending so much effort to develop a field with basically unsellable oil speak volumes in itself. Just about any combination of other choices if they existed make more sense. Unless of course production has peaked.

It is manifa that has the vanadium, this is probably what sa meant when they said they had no buyers for their oil last spring. Khurais produced at one time something over 100k/d, then trickled down and was abandoned. They have great hopes with, I think, a water flood, but 1.2Mb/d seems wildly optimistic... imo more likely they might get back to their former peak for a while.

The last wildcard has to be Persian Gulf/Saudi offshore. I have heard no one willing to venture a guess about how much is possible there.

RC, The Persian Gulf is not a wildcard. Every square inch of it has been throughly explored and no new Saudi fields have turned up there since the 60s. The Kuwait, Iran, UAE, Oman, Qatar and all other sectors of the Gulf have been throughly explored as well. Rememver the Persian Gulf is very shallow. Jackup rigs can explore every inch of it, no deepwater are needed. And it has already been done.

Safaniya, one of Saudi's oldest giant fields, is entirely offshore. Saudi is drilling more onshore as well as offshore in a near panic to try to offset the rapid decline of their old giant fields. Saudi is only trying to shore up declining production. I don't think they have any grand conspiracy planned, survival is their only concern.

Ron Patterson

Hi Heading Out,

Thanks for the update.
re: "...the columns of controversy I might generate."

I was just looking over (and reflecting upon) your CC, post-conference post, and I wrote some questions for you there (if you have time to look at them).

The essential thing I got from what you were expressing (and there may have been much I didn't get), is that you feel an urgency - the problem is immediate. And you're concerned that others possibly do not feel this same urgency, and further, that we (or someone, or many of us) may waste time in intellectual exercise that doesn't really address the problem. (Did I understand this much?)

So, my Qs are:

1) What do you suggest?
2) Can TOD facilitate this, do you think?
3) If so, how?

Hi Aniya:

There is something you can do. As Westexas has written many times at TOD, Economize, Localize, Produce (ELP).

I've been trying to formulate a strategy that is similar, and it goes something like this: (1) Secure yourself and your family, (2) Secure your job or business, (3) Secure your community, (4) Secure your country...(5) Save the world. Or in language from 20 or so years ago, think globally, act locally.

The primary point is that you need to start with yourself and work on reducing your reliance on (still) cheap fossil energy. Leadership has to come from the ground up on this one. Your leaders at the National level are being pulled in too many directions, and they may not even be able to get it right.

Transforming isn't easy, and it will take you a while. I've been at it for a year now, and while I've done many things, sometimes I wonder if I've done anything substantial, for I'm still not to the point where I could survive long without oil and its products. Once you start, you will begin to see what works and what doesn't, and you can advise your relatives and friends appropriately, and then you can also begin working at the community level.

Thanks, Goinggreen,

re: "...and then you can also begin working at the community level."

One of my "communities" is the "TOD" community.

What I got from "Heading Out"s exercise/post on GCC was his feeling of urgency and need for action on the level of national and international policy.

My Q is: Is this something TOD can facilitate? If so, how?

I am speaking specifically about "Peak Oil" and am more than happy to restrict discussion to "peak":

We've had some discussion here of policy actions in the past, however, I'd like to see more. Just as one response. Heading Out may have others. You may have others.

For example, some methodical exploration of pros and cons regarding some of the following: gasoline rationing, carbon caps, gasoline tax, tax on oil imports, oil co.s voluntarily giving up subsidies, 55 mph speed limit, subsidies for "renewables", no more roads, no subsidies for anything...etc. (I'm sure I've left some out.)

Heading out was concerned about using up valuable "oxygen" when we need action. Okay, here we are.

Right now I am waiting to see if USSB is going to release a video of Dr Hansen's talk, since I'd like to find out what he actually said, rather than a second hand report, no matter how venerable.

There have been these cycles in the past, where apparently there have been fairly dramatic collapses of the ice fields, with major impacts and Dr Hansen appears to think that we might be heading for another one. And while I agree that we can't totally rely on the past to foretell the future, we have to be able to learn from it.

Thus what I would like to see is more study on these transition periods - how fast were they, what can we cross-correlate as the changes that occurred around the world took place, can we anticipate from them what might happen and do some planning. (And I should admit that I am an experimentalist and thus more comfortable with hard data than with theoretical predictions).

However, in regard to TOD, here we are more specifically focused on the coming energy crisis, particularly as it relates to oil and gas supplies. Of the two crises I still think (but not quite as confidently) that this is the more immediate and the one with the more short-term impact. I recently looked back at some of the problems that arose, very rapidly back in the '70s, and so, while I will continue to occasionally put up the odd technical post, trying to explain what, for example, the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycle is, how it was found and what has happened in the past (trying to stay perhaps a little less controversial in the process) since I suspect that most of our readers had never heard of it before last weekend, and they need some background information to grasp what folk are talking about. (In the same way as I wrote, for example, about using nuclear bombs to stimulate oil shale).

But for this site this should be a relatively rare posting since our goal is to follow energy. As I was told, there are other web sites that discuss climate change, from more than one point of view. We have acquired the reputation for being a place to go to talk about energy supplies, and I would like us to continue in that role.

While this thread isn't the place to elaborate, let me say a word or two. The study of past events over the last six ice ages is limited by the resolution within the ice cores and other proxies. But the science issues are being resolved dut to current interest.

As far as why Stuart, Hansen and other "alarmists" on the Greenland issue are not getting "air time", it isn't because of any stupid arbitrary IPCC AR4 deadline. The substantive study of Greenland, Russian meltflows and Antarctic melting is a concern. But the direct evidence is in the sea level data.

If proponents of catastrophic ice melting were correct the satellite data would illustrate this for us immediately. And while there was a brief up-tick in early 2005, it has vanished. In fact, the ten year trend has dropped from 2.9mm/yr twenty four months ago to 2.8mm/yr in the most recent graphs that i have posted.

There was a flurry of reports that the ocean had escalated to 4mm or even 6mm rates. And they were likely true. But this noise has been lost in subsequent readings. We must trust that the scientists are doing some wathchful waiting and will let all of us know if we should return to "panic mode".

"If proponents of catastrophic ice melting were correct the satellite data would illustrate this for us immediately".

Sigh. How many strawmen do you have up there Freddy?

I don't know of anyone proposing that catastophic ice melting is happening to an extent that it is causing massive sea level rise now. That would be obviously inconsistent with the evidence as you say. Rather, the concern is that a) sea level rises in the past have been very rapid (~4m/century in Meltwater pulse 1A), and it seems both from that and direct recent evidence in Greenland and Antarctica that ice sheets really melt by meltwater induced breakup and basal lubrication, rather than via gradual melting of the surface over millenia, as used to be thought by climate modelers (and which were the assumptions built into the TAR sea level rise projections). What this means for the 21st century is something that there is no consensus on. But it clearly raises at least the possibility that, as temperatures continue to rise, sea level rise might start to go at the meters/century scale at some point in coming decades, rather than the current 20cm-30cm/century. I have no idea whether that will happen or not, but I don't see that it can be ruled out with confidence, given the lack of fit of present ice sheet models to present events. The 4AR explicitly doesn't take a position on this question (understandably, since there is no consensus). All ice dynamic effects have been removed from the sea level projections (which leaves them pretty much meaningless as far as I can see).

(Also I'm mildly uncomfortable being in the same sentence as Hansen as above, since he is a first rate climatologist, whereas I am outside my own field in climatology just trying to understand the issues because they appear to pose significant risks to my kids).

direct recent evidence in Greenland and Antarctica that ice sheets really melt by meltwater induced breakup and basal lubrication, rather than via gradual melting of the surface over millenia, as used to be thought by climate modelers

My understanding is that this new evidence only surfaced in 2006 and that the IPCC 4AR had already closed to submissions due to the editorial need to review, edit and prepare for publication. There was no attempt to supress this data as was suggessted upthread.

Until this new evidence surfaced it was the consensus position that both Greenland and Antartica would remain stable and might possibly experience an increase in mass. This stability is now in doubt.

It is likely additional work will be performed to determine the impacts of meltwater breakup and increased basal lubrication and that these further studies will be incorporated in subsequent IPCC reports.

You can date the issue at least as early as Zwally et al in June 2002. The abstract says:

Ice flow at a location in the equilibrium zone of the west-central Greenland Ice Sheet accelerates above the midwinter average rate during periods of summer melting. The near coincidence of the ice acceleration with the duration of surface melting, followed by deceleration after the melting ceases, indicates that glacial sliding is enhanced by rapid migration of surface meltwater to the ice-bedrock interface. Interannual variations in the ice acceleration are correlated with variations in the intensity of the surface melting, with larger increases accompanying higher amounts of summer melting. The indicated coupling between surface melting and ice-sheet flow provides a mechanism for rapid, large-scale, dynamic responses of ice sheets to climate warming.

and the conclusion states:

The interaction among warmer summer temperatures, increased surface meltwater production, water flow to the base, and increased basal sliding provides a mechanism for rapid response of the ice sheets to climate change. In general, a direct coupling between increased surface melting and ice-sheet flow has been given little or no consideration in estimates of ice-sheet response to climate change (35). In addition to the direct effect of increased water pressure on the basal sliding, the flow of surface water at approximately 0°C to basal ice, at the PMP of -1.0°C, transfers heat for additional basal melting. The occurrence of this melt-driven acceleration in the equilibrium zone implies that the mechanism may be occurring throughout much of the ablation zone of the ice sheet, or at least where the basal temperature is at the PMP. Therefore, the rate of retreat of the ice-sheet margin under climate warming is probably faster than predicted by estimates based only on the direct increase in surface ablation (36). Enhanced basal sliding from surface meltwater may have contributed to the rapid demise of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during increased summer insolation and surface ablation circa 10,000 years ago (37) and to extensive melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet during the last interglacial (38), by causing a faster flow of ice to the margins, an increase in the thinning rate, and more rapid inward migration of the ablation zone.

But I don't think there's any clarity on the quantitative implications for future mass balance.

In simple terms for laypeople, the controversy results from the realization in recent years that melting activity at the shorelines in the antarctic and greenland and subsequent breakup of shelves has now allowed the glaciers behind them to flow freely into the oceans. In effect, the dam is gone.

Thus instead of only guaging meltwater, models must now account for these new annual rivers of ice dropping off the shorelines. Net. More ice bergs.

The sea levels aren't rising 'cuz this new phenom is chilling the coastlines and the cold water is sinking to very low ocean depths and contracting.

Sometime it will resurface and expand. But at present there is more contraction going on than a contribution to sea level rise.

A further discovery has been that the "fuller" ocean floor beds are "stretching". The ocean floor is actually bulging into the magma. This theory is based on the very fears Stuart has. When one measures all the sea level rise forcings, the ocean sea level readings are not reflecting what should have occured. And hence the new geo theory which has actually been shown as a negative forcing in new forcing tables since y2K (incl IPCC TAR 2001) as is the Antarctic "chilling" contraction.

Fortunately we don't have to wait for IPCC 2011 AR5 to see what's going on. These Reports are mainly compendiums of the current science all put into perspective. Just as we could see the abstracts and underlying research reports for AR4 long before the Release two weeks ago, the research continues and will be available via the MSM and specialized sites like RealClimate etc.

Lest anyone be confused by Freddy's enormous creativity today, I note that the understanding of current contributions to sea level rise is summarized in the recent IPCC Summary for Policymakers, specifically Table SPM-1 on page 7. The individual contributions come from Greenland, Antarctica, all the smaller ice caps and glaciers, and thermal expansion of the oceans. Those contributions add up, within the error bars, to the observed total.

Stuart, the AR4 table should be legit but it certainly is not inclusive of all the forcings that i have seen in either recent peer reviewed research or even IPCC TAR 2001: http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/425.htm where the negative forcing of Antarctica and geo storage of 0.45mm/yr are table illustrated.

I am at a loss to explain the change at this time, other than to say that perhaps the AR4 authors since found errors in their previous studies that have not made it to abstracts as yet (unlikely).

The graph at this link http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/417.htm does remind me that scientists thought we were at a crossroads wrt pos/neg forcings.

The hundreds of pages of backgrounders to TAR were quite illuminating. If the fourth and final report to AR4 includes that same detail, we may find the narrative to shed some enlightenment on this discussion. Sorry.

Just as i had certain glee in some of the ugly stats being softened in AR4, i should realize that on balance some of my pet theories will be trashed as well...

Hi Heading Out,

Thanks for responding. I just posted a couple more replies (to you and Dave, as well) back on the original page. (I don't seem to be able to go back and forth without losing my comments page, or I'd highlight them.) In any case...

Just as a point of clarification, when you write:

"My concern is that all the debate over which is right can soak up the oxygen at a time when it is really almost irrelevant as to what is causing it, because whatever it is will not be significantly changed in the next 50 years."

From this I got a sense of your feeling of urgency regarding "peak oil", and "GCC" as well.

Yes, I agree. The situation is extremely urgent in respect to both serious problems.

When I wrote my questions, I am speaking specfically about "peak oil".

I agree we see a need for immediate action in the real world. Jeffrey's "ELP" on all levels, as it were - including on the level of national and international policy. (Example: 55 mph speed limit).

So, to reiterate: My Qs are: Re: "Peak Oil" (action urgently needed in the real world):

What do you suggest?

Can TOD facilitate this (action steps urgently needed in the real world"?

If so, how?

Hi (again) Heading Out,

"We have acquired the reputation for being a place to go to talk about energy supplies, and I would like us to continue in that role."

I was talking about "energy supplies" (AKA "peak oil", etc.) when I referred to "the problem". Just to clarify. I just posted here and on the previous page, don't mean to repeat...just wanted to get my Qs on the table. You mentioned "action" (my translation of "do some planning"), so that's what I'm asking about...Can TOD facilitate this? If so, how?

Sorry, somehow I got fixated on the idea that you were talking about the GW problem - my apologies. One of the things that we do at regular intervals is to check on the popularity of the "peak oil " phrase as an indication of public perception - currently it is almost non-existant on the web.

PG has done an excellent job over time in what I suppose is called "blogwhoring", but is really an effective way of getting our message out to the larger community, by attracting the attention of more popular blogs, and Jerome, for eg, has pieces in Kos.

To an extent we are a child of the storm, when things are quiet we are the crisis that was past - yesterday's worry. It is only in times of crisis that we get all the attention, the radio shows, the chances to be on TV. And we are in a bit of a quiet phase right now.

But, thanks to the folks that write in, and the contributors that we have, we are building a data base and set of information ( I am trying to collate it at The Book ) so that when we say, for example, that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia can only develop (and this time I won't look it up, so this is just ballpark using rounded numbers) 960,000 bd of new production this year it is because it is using 40 drilling rigs that drill 6 wells a year each and each well averages 4,000 bd, and we can document those numbers.

This sort of information takes a while to put together, and we are still in that mode, and we debate many issues. The benefit of this I can perhaps illustrate by example, and I won't name the individual, but he knows who. Just this week we had an e-mail from a teacher in Thailand who has put together a portfolio on Energy that includes some of the material from posts here. It is an excellent teaching aid that he uses serindipidously to carry the message to the broader community.

By providing this information in a way that can be used by others - as well as ourselves, for example relatively soon I have to make three presentations on the current situation - we can hopefully give information that the users can have some confidence in.

Sadly, without public pain their awareness is not likely to be great. The great current fad of ethanol has some powerful backers, and though credulity is starting to wear a bit on some of its claims, it is currently grabbing much of the oxygen on the debate. It has benefits in the Midwest and has helped the revenue stream of farmers and the investors in the plants to date. Thus, while the debate is still on issues that the public don't feel pain about they won't get interested.

I think we are still growing as a community, but like other organizations, unless we continue to offer new "stuff", our audience will, in time, dwindle, until, that is the next crisis arrives. Pre-crisis we are still Cassandra.

Hi "Heading Out",

Thanks for your response. I just went over to your "The Book", and posted a rather lengthy comment. I appreciate the opportunity (and hope "y'all" will have a chance to read it.) This really is a tremendous service you're doing. I'm glad you pointed it out, as I'd missed it.

And it's great you've seen people use it already.

So, would "the book" log be the place to leave specific suggestions in the future?

re:
"Thus, while the debate is still on issues that the public don't feel pain about they won't get interested."

I know how you feel; I'm often in the Cassandra-mode myself. At the same time, I'd really like to introduce the idea of using generalizations for a purpose, for example. Okay, let's take the argument that goes like this:
1) so "the public" won't act
2) unless they "feel pain".
3) Then, is there a way we can deal with this?
4) Examples, perhaps a discussion with "the public" about this very point?

In other words, these types of generalizations may serve to block our initiatives, as individuals and as a community,(the TOD community), rather than open opportunities. I'd like the latter - I'm guessing you would, as well.

So, not to be contrary, still...OTOH, I also see a tremendous amount of interest (and some change) in my little corner of the world here. I see both - lack of interest before "pain", growing interest, despair on the part of the "youth" looking for a cause for hope, and everything in-between.

Re: "I think we are still growing as a community, but like other organizations, unless we continue to offer new "stuff", our audience will, in time, dwindle, until, that is the next crisis arrives. Pre-crisis we are still Cassandra."

I'm not sure what you